Dental human enamel wear caused by ceramic antagonists: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: Fixed restorations and dental enamel have different structures that produce different wear on opposing teeth, resulting in clinical problems. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the type of restoration that causes less wear on naturally opposing teeth to make recommendations. The objective of this study was to systematically analyze the evidence from observational studies and clinical trials on enamel wear in different ceramic restorations. STUDY SELECTION: The designs of the included studies were randomized clinical trials (RTCs), non-randomized clinical trials (non-RTCs), and observational studies (OS). The studies must answer the research question, be available in full text, be written in English or Spanish, and have had at least six months of follow-up. Protocol number: CRD42023397759. RESULTS: After screening 499 records, 20 RTCs were subjected to data extraction, 10 were excluded, 10 were included in the systematic review, and only 5 were included in the network meta-analysis. The risk of bias assessment reported moderate to high risk of bias, quality, and certainty of evidence was evaluated and rated as moderate. Network meta-analysis showed higher enamel wear was observed in natural dental enamel against metal-ceramic antagonists. CONCLUSIONS: Enamel wear occurs in all teeth, even when the antagonist is a natural tooth. The wear is larger on surfaces with the ceramic crown antagonists studied (metal-ceramic, glazed zirconia, and polished zirconia). It is necessary to conduct additional clinical trials with larger follow-up periods and sample sizes.

Evidencia de la estimulación de puntos de acupuntura en el tratamiento de la hipogalactia: revisión sistemática con metaanálisis / Evidence of the acupuncture points stimulation for the treatment of hypogalactia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objetivo: Realizar una revisión de la literatura para analizar si la estimulación de puntos de acupuntura aumenta la cantidad de leche producida durante la lactancia. Método: Se recopilaron estudios de cinco bases de datos electrónicas siguiendo las recomendaciones internacionales para la elaboración de revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis. Los criterios de elegibilidad fueron artículos de texto completo en inglés o español con diseño de ensayos clínicos y estudios observacionales, sin restricción en el tiempo de publicación, en los cuales se hubiera evaluado el efecto de la estimulación de puntos de acupuntura en la mejora de la cantidad de lactancia mediante acupuntura convencional, electroacupuntura, láser, agujas de fuego, estimulación manual, Tui Na o catgut. Dos autores extrajeron de forma independiente los datos de las características y los resultados principales de los estudios seleccionados para su inclusión. Se realizaron las evaluaciones de riesgo de sesgo y de calidad (GRADE). Para la síntesis cuantitativa se calculó la diferencia de medias estandarizada para cada estudio individual seleccionado y luego se combinaron los datos mediante un metaanálisis de efectos aleatorios. Resultados: En la presente revisión se incluyeron un total de 14 estudios, la mayoría de ellos mostraron riesgo de sesgo y una calidad moderada. El metaanálisis mostró que la estimulación manual del punto de acupuntura aumenta la cantidad de leche materna (DME 95% IC=1,63 [1,13-2,13]; p<0,0001). Conclusión: La literatura sugiere que la estimulación manual de puntos de acupuntura mejora la cantidad de leche producida durante de lactancia.(AU)

Objective: To perform a literature review aimed to analyze if acupoint stimulation increases lactation quantity. Method: Studies were collected from five electronic databases following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for systematic reviews. Eligibility criteria were full-text articles in English or Spanish with clinical trial design and observational studies, with no restriction on time of publication, in which the effect of acupoint stimulation on improving the quantity of lactation by conventional acupuncture, electroacupuncture, laser, fire needling, manual stimulation, tuina or catgut had been evaluated. Two authors independently extracted data for the characteristics and main outcomes of the studies selected for inclusion. The risk of bias (RoB 2 and Robins-I) and the quality assessments (GRADE) were performed. For the quantitative synthesis, the standardized mean difference was calculated for each individual study selected and then the data were combined using a random-effects meta-analysis. Results: A total of 14 studies were included in the present review. Most of the included studies exhibited some concerns in the risk of bias assessment. The quality of the studies was moderate. The meta-analysis showed that manual acupoint stimulation improves the lactation quantity (SMD 95% CI=1.63 [1.13-2.13]; p<0.0001). Conclusion: The literature suggests that manual stimulation of acupuncture points improves the amount of milk produced during lactation.(AU)

Evidence of the acupuncture points stimulation for the treatment of hypogalactia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To perform a literature review aimed to analyze if acupoint stimulation increases lactation quantity. METHOD: Studies were collected from five electronic databases following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for systematic reviews. Eligibility criteria were full-text articles in English or Spanish with clinical trial design and observational studies, with no restriction on time of publication, in which the effect of acupoint stimulation on improving the quantity of lactation by conventional acupuncture, electroacupuncture, laser, fire needling, manual stimulation, tuina or catgut had been evaluated. Two authors independently extracted data for the characteristics and main outcomes of the studies selected for inclusion. The risk of bias (RoB 2 and Robins-I) and the quality assessments (GRADE) were performed. For the quantitative synthesis, the standardized mean difference was calculated for each individual study selected and then the data were combined using a random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: A total of 14 studies were included in the present review. Most of the included studies exhibited some concerns in the risk of bias assessment. The quality of the studies was moderate. The meta-analysis showed that manual acupoint stimulation improves the lactation quantity (SMD 95% CI = 1.63 [1.13-2.13]; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The literature suggests that manual stimulation of acupuncture points improves the amount of milk produced during lactation.

Chitosan for the treatment of inflammationof the oral mucosa: A systematic review / Chitosán para el tratamiento de la inflamación de la mucosa oral: una revisión sistemática

Background: Chitosan is a cheap, accessible, nontoxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable compound. Also, thispolysaccharide possesses antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Consequently, a wide range of chitosanapplications in the dentistry field has been explored. This work aimed to conduct a systematic review to addressthe clinical efficacy of chitosan for the treatment of oral mucositis.Material and Methods: The design of the included studies were observational studies, randomized clinical trials(RCT), and non-randomized clinical trials (non-RCT), whereas, a series of cases, in vivo, and in vitro studies wereexcluded. The search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source,and ClinicalTrials. Gray literature was searched at Google Scholar. Relevant data from all included studies wererecorded. The risk of bias (using RoB 2) and the quality (using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Devel-opment, and Evaluation, GRADE) assessments were carried out.Results: From the 8413 records screened, 5 clinical trials fully met the eligibility criteria, which comprised a totalof 192 participants suffering oral lesions and pain related to oral mucositis. 100% of the included studies exhibiteda high risk of bias. The quality of the studies was between low and very low.Conclusions: The results of the included studies suggest that chitosan can diminish pain and improve the healingof ulcers in oral mucositis. However, there is no conclusive evidence of chitosan as a superior treatment for oralmucositis compared with other current therapies.(AU)

Application of neural networks for the detection of oral cancer: A systematic review.

One potential application of neural networks (NNs) is the early-stage detection of oral cancer. This systematic review aimed to determine the level of evidence on the sensitivity and specificity of NNs for the detection of oral cancer, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalyses (PRISMA) and Cochrane guidelines. Literature sources included PubMed, ClinicalTrials, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. In addition, the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) tool was used to assess the risk of bias and the quality of the studies. Only 9 studies fully met the eligibility criteria. In most studies, NNs showed accuracy greater than 85%, though 100% of the studies presented a high risk of bias, and 33% showed high applicability concerns. Nonetheless, the included studies demonstrated that NNs were useful in the detection of oral cancer. However, studies of higher quality, with an adequate methodology, a low risk of bias and no applicability concerns are required so that more robust conclusions could be reached.

Force decay and elongation of orthodontic elastomeric chains exposed to different beverages common in the diet: An in vitro study.

BACKGROUND: Elastomeric chains promote controlled movements and are widely used in orthodontics. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate the force decay and elongation of orthodontic chains exposed to low-pH saliva (pH = 4) and different beverages common in the diet. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Force decay and elongation were determined in vitro at 6 time intervals over 21 days for 2 commercial elastomeric chains - Ormco (group A) and Borgatta (group B). The samples were immersed in artificial saliva (AS) at pH 4, Coca-Cola®, coffee, or beer for 15 min every day, or in AS (the control group). For the remaining time, the chains were placed into AS at 37°C. In addition, microscopic qualitative changes were recorded by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS: The group B chains showed higher force decay and elongation at the end of the follow-up as compared to the group A chains. Exposure to beer had a greater impact on the force decay and elongation of the chains as compared to other liquids, but it was not statistically significant. The group A chains showed a more irregular surface than the group B chains, in particular, those exposed to coffee. CONCLUSIONS: Elastomeric chains suffer force decay and elongation as a function of time, mainly in the first 24 h. At the end of the follow-up, the group A chains exhibited less force decay in comparison with the group B chains. The qualitative observations showed that the chains in group A had a more irregular surface than the chains in group B.

[Reported prevalence of dental caries in Mexican children and teenagers]. / Prevalencia reportada de caries dental en niños y adolescentes mexicanos.

Dental caries is a serious multifactorial oral disease that causes demineralization of the tooth's hard tissues and affects more than half of the world's population. The objective of this exploratory systematic review was to determine the prevalence of dental caries in Mexican children and adolescents, as well as related factors such as sex, nutritional status, type of dentition, education, living conditions, socioeconomic level, and the type of demographic area. The eligibility criteria to be considered were observational studies whose sample included Mexicans 0-15 years of age in which the prevalence or an index of dental caries had been evaluated. Eligible studies were identified through the search carried out in 6 databases and manual search, without publication time restriction. Fifty-four studies were found that met the eligibility criteria. In these included studies it was observed that, in the last decades, the prevalence of caries in Mexican children and adolescents exhibits a tendency to decrease this disease. In the 1980s, caries prevalences of up to 92.8% were reported; between 1990-1999, the highest reported prevalence was 97%; from 2000-2009, the highest reported prevalence was 95%; from 2010 to 2019 the highest prevalence was 94.6%; and from 2020 and 2021, prevalences of up to 88.5% were reported. Although there has been a decrease in the prevalence of caries in Mexican children, this disease continues to be linked to biological, behavioral and socioeconomic determinants.

La caries dental es una enfermedad bucodental multifactorial grave que provoca la desmineralización de los tejidos duros del diente y afecta a más de la mitad de la población mundial. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática exploratoria fue determinar la prevalencia de caries dental en niños y adolescentes mexicanos, así como los factores relacionados como el sexo, el estado nutricional, el tipo de dentición, la educación, las condiciones de vida, el nivel socioeconómico y el tipo de área demográfica. Los criterios de elegibilidad fueron estudios observacionales cuya muestra incluyera mexicanos de 0 a 15 años en los que se hubiera evaluado la prevalencia o un índice de caries dental. Los estudios elegibles fueron identificados mediante la búsqueda realizada en 6 bases de datos y de manera manual, sin restricción de tiempo de publicación. Se encontraron 54 estudios que cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad. En estos estudios incluidos se observó que en las últimas décadas la prevalencia de caries en niños y adolescentes mexicanos exhibe una tendencia a la baja. En la década de 1980, se reportaron prevalencias de caries de hasta 92.8%; entre 1990-1999, la mayor prevalencia reportada fue de 97%; de 2000-2009, la prevalencia más alta reportada fue de 95%; de 2010 a 2019 la mayor prevalencia fue de 94.6%; y de 2020 y 2021, se reportaron prevalencias de hasta 88.5%. Aunque ha habido un decremento en la prevalencia de caries en niños mexicanos, esta enfermedad continúa vinculada a determinantes biológicas, conductuales y socioeconómicas.

Evidencia de la efectividad del uso de aparatología ortopédica prequirúrgica en pacientes con labio y paladar hendido: revisión sistemática / Evidence of the effectiveness of the use of presurgical orthopedic appliances in patients with cleft lip and palate: a systematic review

Resumen El objetivo de este artículo fue evaluar la evidencia sobre el uso de una aparatología ortopédica prequirúrgica (AOP) en pacientes con labio y paladar hendido. Se realizó una búsqueda en las siguientes bases de datos: Medline/PubMed, Google Scholar, Clinical Trails.gov, ProQuest y Web of Science. En la búsqueda, se encontraron 7.926 registros, de los cuales se analizaron 105 artículos de texto completo; de éstos se incluyeron 23 estudios en pacientes con uso de AOP, asi como su grupo control sin el uso del AOP, previo al mismo tipo de cirugía. Los aparatos más utilizados para la AOP en el manejo de LPH fueron: el paladar pasivo (Paladar de Hotz), el modelador nasolaveolar (NAM), aparato McNeil y por último el T-traction; los principales desenlaces evaluados fueron: la estética facial y apariencia nasal; la evaluación de medidas cefalométricas, de vías aéreas superiores, nasales, del ancho de la fisura y así como puntos de referencia anatómicos como la distancia inter-canina e inter-tuberosidad. Además, se encontraron estudios que evaluaron oclusión y la fonación. La evidencia de esta literatura sugiere que el uso de aparatos activos tiene un mejor efecto que la placa pasiva, en términos de estética facial y aproximación de los segmentos maxilares para el cierre de la fisura. Sin embargo, la heterogeneidad, el riesgo de sesgo y la baja calidad de los estudios no permite tener conclusiones sólidas.

Abstract This review article aimed to evaluate the evidence on the use of a presurgical orthopedic appliance (POP) in patients with cleft lip and palate. The search was conducted using Medline/PubMed, Scholar Google, Clinical Trails, ProQuest, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. During the search, 7,926 records were found, of which 105 full-text articles were analyzed, and 23 studies included analysis in patients with the use of POP, and their control groups without the use of POP prior to the same type of surgery. The devices most used for POP in the management of LPH were: the passive palate (Hotz palate), the nasolaveolar moulding (NAM), the McNeil device, and finally, the T-traction. The primary outcomes evaluated were: facial aesthetics and nasal appearance; the evaluation of cephalometric measurements, upper airways, nasal fissure width, as well as anatomical references such as inter-canine and intertuberosity distances. In addition, studies that evaluated occlusion and phonation were found. The evidence from this literature suggests that the use of active appliances had a better effect than passive appliances in terms of facial aesthetics and approximation of the maxillary segments for the closure of the fissure. However, the heterogeneity, the risk of bias, and the low quality of the studies do not allow to state firm conclusions.

Ozone for the treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) generate pain and difficulties for mouth opening affecting the patients' quality of life. Ozone is an emerging therapy that has been proposed as a potential treatment, due to that, the evidence about its efficacy should be reviewed. Therefore, this work aimed to conduct a comprehensive systematic review to address the efficacy of ozone therapy for the treatment of pain and limited mouth opening in patients with TMD. The design of the included studies was clinical trials and observational studies, whereas, a series of cases, in vivo, and in vitro studies were excluded. The search was performed in PubMed, ClinicalTrials, Web of Science, and Scopus. Gray literature was searched at Google Scholar. Relevant data of all included studies were recorded. The risk of bias (using RoB 2) and the quality (using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) assessments were carried out. Meta-analyses using random-effects models of pain and maximal mouth opening data were performed. This review included 8 studies with 404 participants suffering limited function and pain related to TMD. At the overall bias of the studies, 25% exhibited some concerns and 75% had high risk; and the quality of the studies was low. The analysis of the included studies suggests that ozone therapy can diminish pain and improve the maximal mouth opening in TMD patients. However, there is no conclusive evidence of ozone therapy as a superior treatment for TMD compared with occlusal splint and pharmacotherapy.

Association between sociodemographic characteristics and level of knowledge about oral cancer among Mexican dental health professionals: a cross-sectional online survey.

BACKGROUND: A good level of knowledge in dentists is crucial for an early diagnosis of oral cancer (OC). In Latin America there are a few studies of OC knowledge among dentist, those has been performed in Brazil, Colombia, and Chile, and their results showed low level of OC knowledge. On the other hand, there is no publication in which the level of knowledge of dentists in Mexico has been addressed. Therefore, this study aimed to assess knowledge of OC and to determine the association of the level of knowledge with sociodemographic characteristics among dentists in Mexico. METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey was designed to obtain information via questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed in the Spanish language, and the content validity was determined. The study was conducted among Mexican dentists with a 23-item questionnaire that was designed to be anonymous. The sample size was calculated using the finite population formula. Based on the responses, the level of knowledge of OC was categorized as very low, low, regular, good, or excellent. Additionally, the association between sociodemographic characteristics and the level of knowledge about OC was evaluated. RESULTS: This research was conducted on a sample of 387 dentists. Most of the respondents were general dentists and worked in urban zones. The majority of dentists lacked a specialty (76.7%). Additionally, most of the respondents were students (44.2%). The level of knowledge of the participants was between regular and good (77.8%). On the other hand, concerning self-evaluation, most of the participants considered their knowledge of OC to be regular (50.6%). In addition, there was no association between sociodemographic characteristics and knowledge about OC. CONCLUSIONS: This research identified some weaknesses in most Mexican dentists' knowledge of OC.

Clinical Efficacy of Biomimetic Bioactive Biomaterials for Dental Pulp Capping: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Recently, biomimetic bioactive biomaterials have been introduced to the market for dental pulp capping. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine any variation between the effect of using TheraCal LC and other bioactive biomaterials for pulp capping is different, as measured by dentin increment and clinical success. The risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias 2 and Newcastle−Ottawa tools for randomized clinical trials and observational studies. A search for relevant articles was performed on five databases. Additionally, the quality of the included studies was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. A summary of individual studies and a meta-analysis were performed. The odds ratio of data from clinical success was combined using a random-effects meta-analysis. The meta-analysis results showed homogeneity between the studies (I2 = 0%). They revealed that the clinical success showed no differences between the patients who received TheraCal LC, light-cured calcium silicate-based biomimetic biomaterial, for dental pulp capping or the comparator biomaterials (p > 0.5). However, the certainty of the evidence was low to moderate due to the risk of bias in the included studies.

Root resorption factors associated with orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

External apical root resorption (EARR) is a serious complication that should be avoided during orthodontic treatment; this pathology depends on multiple factors. Data from clinical studies should be assessed to determine the influence these factors have on the development of EARR. This systematic review aims to compare EARR produced by different factors (orthodontic systems, dental trauma, and dental vitality). The protocol was registered on the PROSPERO database. The search was performed on 5 databases. Accepted study designs included randomized controlled trials, nonrandomized clinical trials, and observational studies. Full-text articles from clinical studies of EARR associated with orthodontic treatment in English, Spanish, or Portuguese with no publication date restrictions were selected. Data from the studies, such as age, population, study groups, and outcome measures, were recorded. Multiple meta-analyses were performed with data from the included studies. Evidence suggests that EARR induced by orthodontic treatment is similar, regardless of the technique used. Evidence of the effect of previous dental trauma on EARR during orthodontic treatment is limited. There is less EARR associated with orthodontic treatment in endodontically treated teeth than in vital teeth. These conclusions should be considered with caution due to the low certainty of the evidence.

External Apical Root Resorption in Orthodontic Patients Who Practice Combat Sports: A Case-Control Observational Pilot Study.

Orthodontic treatment could lead to undesirable effects such as external apical root resorption (EARR). Moreover, trauma to both the face and teeth can predispose to EARR. On the other hand, the practice of combat sports results in increased maxillofacial injuries. Consequently, our objective was to determine if there is a statistically significant difference in the EARR of the patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment who practice combat sports and controls. Our null hypothesis was that there is no difference in the EARR between patients undergoing orthodontic treatment who practice combat sports and the patients under the same treatment that do not practice combat sports. An observational, descriptive, and prospective case-control pilot study was designed. The exposed group consisted of patients that practice combat sports. Whereas the control group was conformed of patients that do not practice combat sports without a previous history of facial trauma and without face trauma during the orthodontic treatment. EARR of the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth was measured using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The CBCT scans were obtained from all patients prior to the beginning of the orthodontic treatment and 1 year later. At the end of the follow-up for the maxillary right central and lateral incisors of the exposed group, the EARR was significantly higher than the homologous teeth of the control group (p < 0.05). As a consequence, the patients treated orthodontically who practice combat sports could be more susceptible to EARR.

Native-valve endocarditis detected by point-of-care echocardiography.

BACKGROUND: Infective endocarditis carries a high morbidity and mortality; therefore, a rapid diagnosis and timely treatment is crucial to improve outcomes. Diagnosis of infective endocarditis is supported on echocardiogram findings. CASE PRESENTATION: An adult male with history of long-term hemodialysis, presented with embolic manifestations (cerebral, skin) and fever. A large vegetation in the mitral valve and other in the tricuspid valve were detected by point-of-care transthoracic echocardiogram, while blood cultures subsequently resulted positive for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Despite therapeutic efforts, the patient developed into an irreversible shock and died. CONCLUSIONS: Point-of-care echocardiogram has a pivotal role in diagnosis and decision-making of infective endocarditis.

Accuracy of machine learning algorithms for the assessment of upper-limb motor impairments in patients with post-stroke hemiparesis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The assessment of motor function is vital in post-stroke rehabilitation protocols, and it is imperative to obtain an objective and quantitative measurement of motor function. There are some innovative machine learning algorithms that can be applied in order to automate the assessment of upper extremity motor function. OBJECTIVES: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of machine learning algorithms for assessing upper limb motor function in post-stroke patients and compare these algorithms to clinical assessment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database. The review was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The search was performed using 6 electronic databases. The meta-analysis was performed with the data from the correlation coefficients using a random model. RESULTS: The initial search yielded 1626 records, but only 8 studies fully met the eligibility criteria. The studies reported strong and very strong correlations between the algorithms tested and clinical assessment. The meta-analysis revealed a lack of homogeneity (I2 = 85.29%, Q = 48.15), which is attributable to the heterogeneity of the included studies. CONCLUSION: Automated systems using machine learning algorithms could support therapists in assessing upper extremity motor function in post-stroke patients. However, to draw more robust conclusions, methodological designs that minimize the risk of bias and increase the quality of the methodology of future studies are required.

Ceramic and Composite Polishing Systems for Milled Lithium Disilicate Restorative Materials: A 2D and 3D Comparative In Vitro Study.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of two ceramic and two composite polishing systems for a novel chairside computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) lithium disilicate ceramic with three-dimensional and two-dimensional microscopy images. This ceramic material can be used for implant-supported or tooth-borne single-unit prostheses. Materials and Methods: Sixty flat samples of novel chairside CAD/CAM reinforced lithium disilicate ceramic (Amber Mill, Hass Bio) were divided into five groups (n = 15/group) and treated as follows: Group 1 (NoP), no polished treatment; group 2 (CeDi), polished with ceramic Dialite LD (Brasseler USA); group 3, (CeOp) polished with ceramic OptraFine (Ivoclar Vivadent); group 4, (CoDi) polished with composite DiaComp (Brasseler USA), and group 5 (CoAs), polished with composite Astropol (Ivoclar Vivadent). The polished ceramic surface topography was observed and measured with three-dimensional and two-dimensional images. Results: All polishing systems significantly reduced the surface roughness compared with the non-polished control group (Sa 1.15 µm). Group 2 (CeDi) provided the smoothest surface arithmetical mean eight with 0.32 µm, followed by group 3 (CeOp) with 0.34 µm. Group 5 (CoAs) with 0.52 µm provided the smoothest surface among the composite polishing kits. Group 4 (CoDi) with 0.66 µm provided the least smooth surface among all polishing systems tested. Conclusions: Despite the effectiveness of ceramic polishing systems being superior to composite polishing systems of the CAD/CAM lithium disilicate restorative material, both polishing systems significantly improved the smoothness.

Nonpharmacological Interventions for Pain in Patients with Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review aimed to compare the efficacy of nonpharmacological therapies for painful temporomandibular joint disorders. The protocol was registered on International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database (CRD42020171364). The search was performed on the electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, Clinical Trials, and Web of Science. The eligibility criteria were randomized controlled trials in patients diagnosed with painful temporomandibular joint disorders comparing the pain relief between conventional treatment and nonpharmacological therapies such as acupuncture, physiotherapy, low-level laser, and massage. Fourteen articles were included in this review. At the overall bias of the studies included, 71.42% exhibited some concerns and 28.57% had high risk. The efficacy of nonpharmacological interventions was found to be moderate in the short term and variable in the long term for pain reduction in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders. The evidence pointed out that acupuncture, laser therapy, and physiotherapy are potentially useful interventions for pain relief in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders. However, there is a lack of consistency and short-term follow-up in the studies to determine the lasting of such effect.

Effect of the photobiomodulation for acceleration of the orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

To determine whether the application of photobiomodulation (PBM), as an adjunctive treatment for patients with orthodontic fixed appliances, decreased the total treatment time compared to conventional orthodontics. Studies were collected from four electronic databases following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for systematic reviews. Eligibility criteria were full-text articles in English or Spanish with the design of randomized (RCT), non-randomized clinical trials (non-RCT), and retrospective cohort, without any restriction regarding the publication time, in which the effect of PBM using low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) and light-emitting diode (LED) for the acceleration of the orthodontic movement had been evaluated. Data collection and analysis: Two authors independently extracted data for the characteristics and outcomes of the studies selected for inclusion. The risk of bias (RoB 2 and Robins-I) and the quality assessments (GRADE) were performed. For the quantitative synthesis, the standardized mean difference was calculated for each individual study selected and then the data were combined using a random-effects meta-analysis. The total number of included studies was n = 22 (only RCT and non-RCT were found) with a total of 515 participants. The included studies exhibited high risk of bias and some concerns, though none of them presented a low risk of bias. The quality of the studies was very low. The meta-analysis showed that the means (mm) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of acceleration of tooth movement at 1, 2, and 3 months were 0.50 (- 0.28, 1.28), 1.40 (0.27, 2.53), and 0.46 (- 0.33, 1.24), respectively. The analysis showed that there is no evidence to support the use of LLLI to accelerate the orthodontic movement. LED for the acceleration of orthodontic movement does not have sufficient evidence to generate conclusions about it.

Pericardiocentesis: ultrasound guidance is essential.

BACKGROUND: Pericardial effusion is a common entity which may have important implications in patient's prognosis. In several cases, pericardiocentesis is indicated for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes. CASE PRESENTATION: A blind pericardiocentesis failed in a 95-year-old woman admitted to the emergency department with a large pericardial effusion incidentally diagnosed in the ambulatory setting. Ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis aided in easily accessing to the pericardial cavity, without periprocedural complications. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis is simple, safe and effective, and should replace the blind technique. This procedure should be part of the armamentarium of ultrasound-guided practices of emergency or critical care physicians.