[The distribution of antibodies to the herpes simplex virus in different types of raw material used for producing immunoglobulin preparations]. / Izuchenie raspredeleniia antitel k virus prostogo gerpesa v razlichnykh vidakh syr'ia, ispol'zuemogo dlia polucheniia preparatov immunoglobulinov.

The distribution of antibodies to herpes simplex virus (HSV) in different kinds of biological raw materials has been studied with the use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The study has revealed that the content of herpes-specific antibodies in pooled placental and donor blood sera and in the preparations of commercial normal immunoglobulins is sufficiently uniform, and 7-10% of these sera and preparations have elevated titers of antibodies to HSV. Blood sera of individual donors are characterized by greater differences in the content of herpes-specific antibodies. About 10% of such sera have significantly greater titers of antibodies to HSV. From selected blood sera of individual donors with initially high titers of antibodies to HSV the preparation of antiherpes immunoglobulin has been obtained; the specific activity of this preparation is 4- to 6-fold higher than that of preparations of commercial normal immunoglobulins.

Disturbance of the terrestrial ecosystems stability due to global-scale anthropogenic impacts.

Intact natural ecosystems are fairly stable objects. In the course of natural selection proceeding against the background of synecological interactions (trophic, competitive, symbiotic, etc.), a respective complex of coadapted species forms, each being maximally accommodated to its habitat. Such a complex is of specific composition and possesses stable structural characteristics. Fairly regular processes of changes in these characteristics, specific to the given type of environmental conditions, are observed in non-stationary cases.We analyze probable causes of the loss of stability in natural systems exposed to man made impacts of a global scale, in particular structural instability, landscape (distributive) instability, and conductive instability.The study of the mechanisms ensuring biosphere sustainability and stability of its elements is a vital ecological problem. There are applied aspects in the problem solution since identification of man-induced instability is feasible only on the basis of precise knowledge of the natural mechanisms of weak points of the relevant natural process. This circumstance makes the problem of stability one of the focal questions of applied ecology.

Lake Baikal integrated background monitoring: Objectives, goals, history and prospects.

(1) The works in the field of substantiating and implementing the systems of integrated (abiotic and biotic) monitoring of various parts of the Baikal Lake and of the Lake as a whole started at the beginning of seventies. It was then that basic principles of observational systems of the natural environment pollution in the Baikal Lake Region and also problems of the assessment of observational results in order to apply them to prediction and control were put forward in the course of discussing global and regional monitoring systems. (2) In the next few years coordinated field and theoretical research work within the framework of the problem was carried out. As a result it proved possible to scientifically substantiate and start the implementation of practical integrated monitoring programs on the Baikal Lake. Another result of this research was a development of methods for analysing and predicting the economic activities impact on the state of natural environment in the region (long-term prediction for 20-25 yr). (3) The Paper describes preliminary results of multidisciplinary researches in the aspect of synthesising these works into an integrate picture to substantiate the integrate monitoring in the Baikal Lake Region, including the following questions: - analysis of natural environment pollution sources in connection with the current and planned economic activities in the region; - hydrometeorological conditions and mathematical modelling of pollutant transfer in natural compartments (air and water flows, atmospheric precipitation, soils); - analysis of the existing system for environmental state observations; - description of ecological situations; - working out recommendations for the control of natural compartments pollution on the basis of pollutant balance and ecosystem response to pollution.

[Mutagenic activity of psychotropic drugs]. / Mutagennaia aktivnost' psikhotropnykh preparatov

Mutagenic activity of 33 psychotropic drugs was studied in Drosophila metanogaster according to the CLB method. The drugs are the following: leponex, neuleptil, randolectil, teralen, chlorprotixen, TPS-23, navane, pimosid, difenisid, rudotel, eunoktin, radedorm, meprobamat, trioxasin, elenium, napoton, aponal, lorasepam, nuredal, oxyphenonat, safrasin, surmantil, amitriptilin, prothioden, melipramin, saroten, tegretol, phenobarbital, diakarb, benzonal, suksilep, morpholep, sydnocarb. The increase in the mutation rate was induced by leponex (1.37% in adults and 1.21% in larvae), difenisid (1.18% in adults), two forms of the same drug eunoktin and radedorm (about 1.6% in adults), safrasin (1.06% in imago), saroten (1,36% in imago), phenobarbital (2.02% in imago). Even a slight increase of mutagenicity of widely spread psychotropic drugs is a very serious factor which needs further investigation and specification in other models and organisms.