[Activation of the RIG-I gene, coding for DEXH/D-protein in infection of RH cells by tick-borne encephalitis virus]. / Aktivatsiia gena RIG-I, kodiruiushchego DEXH/D-belok pri infektsii kletok RH virusom kleshchevogo éntsefalita.

It was demonstrated by subtractive hybridization that the infection of a human embryonic kidney cell line with tick-borne encephalitis virus causes an approximately tenfold transcription activation of the RIG-1 gene, which encodes a protein of the DExH/D-box-containing RNA helicase family. A possible involvement of the protein in antiviral cell systems is discussed. The English version of the paper: Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry, 2004, vol. 30, no. 2; see also http://www.maik.ru.

[Late activation of interferon-induced genes IFI-54k and IFI-56k in human RH cells infected with tick-borne encephalitis virus]. / Pozdniaia aktivatsiia interferonindutsiruemykh genov IFI-54k i IFI-56k pri infektsii kletok linii RH cheloveka virusom kleshchevogo éntsefalita.

The genes that were induced and suppressed in human embryonic kidney cell line RH upon the infection with tick-borne encephalitis virus were studied by the method of subtractive hybridization. The expression of interferon-induced genes IFI-54K and IFI-56K in the infected cells was found to increase 50-100-fold.

[Immunocorrection with pentaglobin in wound infection and burn disease]. / Immunokorrektsiia pentaglobinom pri ranevoi infektsii i ozhogovoi bolezni.

Patients with wound infections and extended burns were treated with pentaglobin (Biotest-Pharma), a serum preparation containing high concentrations of immunoglobulin M. The use of the preparation at early stages after surgical operations in the patients with wound infections or at the beginning of active surgical treatment of the patients with burns decreased the terms of the body temperature normalization as well as normalization of the immunological, hematological and biochemical indices. The most pronounced efficacy of pentaglobin was observed in the patients with severe microbial toxemia. A scheme for pathogenetic immunocorrection of wound infections and burns was developed. It is based on simultaneous recording of intensity of immunological responses in peripheral blood and intensity of protective reactions in wound tissues.

[Evaluation of the effect of extracorporeal ultraviolet irradiation of the autoblood of patients in terminal states based on indices of cellular immunity]. / Otsenka vliianiia ékstrakorporal'nogo ul'trafioletovogo oblucheniia autokrovi bol'nykh v terminal'nykh sostoianiiakh na nekotorye pokazateli kletochnogo immuniteta.

The article presents the results of the effect of extracorporeal autoblood ultraviolet irradiation (UVI) on the parameters of cellular immunity in pyo-septic complications of terminal conditions. To assess the activity of neutrophils the technique determining spontaneous and stimulated chemiluminescence with the calculation of activation index was used. The necessity of the control over immunologic parameters during selection of methods and time of UVI procedure is stressed. It has been established that UVI in patients with most severe conditions does not cause a sufficient increase in metabolic neutrophil reserve, which may account for the technique inadequacy in some cases.

[Sandoglobulin immunocorrection in trauma]. / Immunokorrektsiia sandoglobulinom pri travme.

Twenty one patients with the long-term compression syndrome (LCS) and 12 patients with burns treated with sandoglobulin in combination with antibacterial therapy were followed up. The control groups included 14 and 18 patients, respectively. All the patients had wound infections. Increased or lowered respiratory burst of peripheral blood neutrophils and lowered contents of active T-lymphocytes were detected in the majority of the patients. The patients had also an increased respiratory burst of tissue homogenate in the primary focus. Sandoglobulin decreased the periods of normalization of the immunological indices, body temperature and leukogram shifts to the right. The most pronounced effect of the drug was recorded before radical operations, i.e. in the presence of acute microbial toxemia or in patients with severe and extended burns. The procedure of immunological monitoring developed by the authors rapidly estimates the indications to the use of sandoglobulin alone or in combination with other immunomodulators.

[Clinical and laboratory effect of leukinferon in purulent infections]. / Kliniko-laboratornyi éffekt leikinferona pri gnoinoi infektsii.

Clinical trials of human leukocytic alpha-interferon for injections, leukinferon were performed in 51 patients with different forms of surgical purulent infections. It was shown that leukinferon lowered the terms of normalization of body's temperature, leukocytosis, respiratory neutrophilic outbreak and levels of active T-lymphocytes. The same was observed when leukinferon was used prophylactically in cardiosurgical patients. The effect of leukinferon depended on the level of radical operations on primary purulent foci and severity of the patient's state. Leukinferon had immunomodulatory properties and mainly influenced the system of neutrophilic phagocytes. The action was lymphocyte-mediated. The rapid effect of leukinferon makes it necessary to recommend it for treatment of patients with purulent infections as an agent of urgent immunomodulation.

[The microbial factor in the chemiluminescence of the peripheral blood neutrophils of patients with suppurative surgical infection]. / Mikrobnyi faktor khemiliuminestsentsii neitrofilov perifericheskoi krovi bol'nykh s gnoinoi khirurgicheskoi infektsiei.

The luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of neutrophils in the peripheral blood of 30 healthy adults and 39 patients with the local and generalized forms of purulent infection was studied. Nonstimulated chemiluminescence and the index of chemiluminescence stimulation in the presence of opsonized Staphylococcus aureus added in vitro were determined. The former characteristic was found to be directly and the latter one, inversely related to the concentration of S. aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans, but not E. epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Citrobacter, in the primary focus. At the microbial concentration exceeding 10(4) cells/g of tissue, the former characteristic was essentially higher than the level of chemiluminescence in healthy persons. With the improvement of the general state of the patients and in the absence of microorganisms in the wound as the result of complex treatment this characteristic decreased to values comparable with the reaction of neutrophils in healthy persons.

[Stimulation of the respiratory burst of the neutrophils from healthy subjects by different Staphylococcus aureus concentrations]. / Stimuliatsiia respiratornogo vzryva neitrofilov zdorovykh liudei razlichnymi kontsentratsiiami Staphylococcus aureus.

Preopsonized live and heat-killed S. aureus stimulated, without the washing of serum, the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of human neutrophils obtained from healthy donors. The intensity of chemiluminescence was evaluated by the index of stimulation with staphylococci, with due consideration for their concentration. With the microbe/phagocyte ratio equal to 10:1, these indices had the maximum values when both live and killed staphylococci were used. At high concentrations of staphylococci, especially live ones, all indices were low (those for live staphylococci had negative values) and uniform. As the concentration of the antigen decreased, individual features in the reaction of each donor became apparent. With the microbe/phagocyte ratio equal to 100:1, stimulation with live and killed staphylococci induced the identical fluorescence of neutrophils. The capacity of nonopsonized staphylococci for inducing chemiluminescence was poorly pronounced. For this reason, the test system using S. aureus at low concentrations was proposed for the prognostication of this infection, while the ratio 100:1 can be used for the evaluation of the opsonin-phagocytic system in case of a developed purulent process.

[Chemiluminescence of human neutrophils as affected by opportunistic microbes]. / Khemiliuminestsentsiia neitrofilov cheloveka pod deistviem uslovno-patogennykh mikrobov.

Chemoluminescence of neutrophils obtained from 24 healthy donors in response to Staphylococcus aureus Cowan, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli preopsonized with 5% fresh autologous serum or with pooled normal sera was studied. Chemoluminescent response to S. aureus was most pronounced in comparison with that to the other microbes. Neutrophils from most of the donors showed chemiluminescent response of medium intensity, their stimulation index (SI) being 10-12; neutrophils from some donors showed low response (their SI not exceeding 10), and some donors provided highly responsive neutrophils (their SI exceeding 20). Neutrophils from the latter group of donors retained their high SI over the longest period of time (60 minutes and more). Experiments made under the conditions of preopsonization with pooled normal sera indicated that differences in the response of neutrophils were linked with the individual features of these cells. Low response to P. aeruginosa and E. coli was, possibly, due to the antiphagocytic activity of these microorganisms. Differences in the response of neutrophils to antigens of opportunistic microbes, as well as in the dependence of this response from serum factors, may finally determine the result of the interaction between host defence factors and microorganisms at the infection atrium.

[Enhanced activity of the protective factors in patients with suppurative surgical infection using interferon preparations]. / Povyshenie aktivnosti faktorov zashchity u bol'nykh s gnoinoi khirurgicheskoi infektsiei pri primenenii preparatov interferona.

Administration of leukocytic interferon to patients with sepsis and purulent resorptive fever resulted in a reliable increase in the indices of the host protective factors with respect to the infections. Addition of interferon to the surgical and antibacterial treatment promoted a decrease in the periods providing the clinical effect to 19.8 days against 43.8 days in the treatment without interferon.

[Therapy of experimental staphylococcal infection with a hyperimmune antistaphylococcal plasma]. / Terapiia éksperimental'noi stafilokokkovoi infektssii giperimmunnoi antistafilokokkovoi plazmoi.

Generalized nonlethal infection was induced in guinea pigs by the intramuscular injection of 10(10) S. aureus cells, and on days 1, 3 and 5 after inoculation a half of the animals received antistaphylococcal hyperimmune human plasma intraperitoneally in a dose of 2 ml (6 AU/ml) per animal. This plasma decreased the number of staphylococcal colonies in the spleen and affected mainly the system of phagocytes (neutrophils): on day 3 the percentage of neutrophils with Fc gamma R increased in the treated guinea pigs in comparison with the controls and with the initial level; from day 6 the percentage of active neutrophils with Fc gamma R increased in the treated animals in comparison with the controls; on day 14 the percentage of such neutrophils increased in comparison with the initial level as well, and the treated guinea pigs also showed an increase in the content of lymphocytes with receptors for staphylococci in comparison with the controls. There was little difference in the content of neutrophils with CR, as well as in the percentage of active phagocytes with these receptors, in the treated animals and in the controls. By the moment of the resolution of generalization (day 14) the content of active T-lymphocytes increased in the treated guinea pigs in comparison with the controls and with the initial level; simultaneously the levels of B-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes with receptors for mouse red blood cells returned to their initial values.