[VIOLATION OF THE PROOXIDANT-ANTIOXIDANT BALANCE IN THE SPLEEN TISSUE UNDER EXPERIMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS].

This study was devoted to the investigation of antioxidant homeostasis in spleen tissue of white rats in the dynamics of development of colon adenocarcinoma induced by the introduction of sym-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). The effectiveness of the antioxidant barrier (Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, reduced glutathione) and oxidative damage products (TBARS, advanced oxidation protein products, diene and triene conjugates, Schiff bases) were measured in the homogenate of spleen tissue. A violation of the redox balance due to the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products, a decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant mediators of non-enzymatic nature was established. The development of oxidative stress leads to disruption of the synthesis of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in the endoplasmic reticulum, i.e., to inhibition of the functional activity of the glutathione-dependent unit of the antioxidant system. DMH-induced carcinogenesis is associated with enzymatic/non-enzymatic redox imbalance as well as increased oxidative damage to proteins and lipids. Evaluation of redox biomarkers can be potential diagnostic indicator of colon adenocarcinoma advancement.

CHANGES OF CYTOLYSIS INDICATORS IN RATS' BLOOD RESULTED FROM SIMULTANEOUS INTOXICATION WITH TOBACCO SMOKE AND SODIUM NITRITE AFTER USING MILDRONATE.

The article is devoted to an experimental study of the effect of tobacco smoke and the effect of sodium nitrite on the background of tobacco intoxication on the body of rats of different age groups and to identify violations caused by these toxicants. It has been established that under the conditions of nitrite-tobacco intoxication, a more pronounced cytolysis of the cells takes place, which leads to a change in the permeability of the plasma membranes than in case of poisoning with only tobacco smoke. Immature rats were the most sensitive to the action of toxicants, in which the activity of membrane-dependent enzymes was more statistically significant (ALT activity in the serum increased 7,7 times, AST - 5 times, GGTP - 4,1 times, LDH - 1,8 times; p ≤ 0.05) at the end of the study. In the same group of rats, the highest percentage of permeability of the erythrocyte membrane was revealed, as indicated by its index (55,6% higher than normal, in mature animals 38% EII was higher than in intact control animals, in old ones - 54%). When using an antihypoxant, it was noted that mildronate significantly (p≤0.05) reduced the activity of indicator enzymes in the blood serum of rats during the whole experiment, and also led to a decrease in the erythrocyte index of intoxication in the blood of rats of all age groups. To confirm the obtained results, morphological studies of the organs of rats of different age groups were carried out after sodium was damaged by nitrite against the background of tobacco intoxication and the effect of the metabolic action of mildronate on them. The membrane-protective properties of mildronate have been proven, which makes it possible to use it in various pathologies accompanied by the development of cytolytic syndrome.

EFFECT OF TOBACCO SMOKE ON ROS PRODUCTION AND INFLAMMATION IN RATS OF DIFFERENT AGE.

The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of tobacco smoke on the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and level of cytokines in blood of rats of different age groups. For the purpose of carrying out the dosage, the beards of the white mongrel male rats were sub-divided into three groups: immature, mature and senile rats. Rat experimental groups were exposed to tobacco smoke daily for 45 days. The model of dependence on the chronic action of tobacco smoke was created using a sealed chamber in volume of 30 liters, which allowed to immerse animals in free behavior. Blood and blood serum was used for research. The isolation of neutrophils and lymphocytes from the blood was carried out by the method of gradient centrifugation on the double gradient of density ficol-verografin. The ROS production level was analyzed according to the intensity of the fluorescence. The immune enzyme method, using test systems in the blood serum, determined the level of proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and anti-inflammatory - interleukin 4 (IL-4). It was found that exposure to tobacco smoke in rats developed oxidative stress, as evidenced by increased formation of ROS in neutrophils and blood lymphocytes of all the study groups of animals. In this case, the level of ROS depends not only on the age of the animals, but also on the duration of the action of tobacco smoke. In the blood serum of all age groups of rats, pronounced changes in IL-6 content were observed on the 45th day of exposure to tobacco smoke. The highest IL-6 content was observed in immature rats at the end of the experiment. . At the same time, the content of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 was significantly decreased in all age groups of animals. The results indicate an imbalance between the level of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, in particular IL-6 and IL-4. The result of exposure to tobacco smoke is the development of oxidative stress and inflammatory processes that depend on the duration of the smoke, its concentration, the age of the animals, and other biologically active constituents.

[Studying of hepatoprotective properties of dry extract from apricot leaves on the model of liver lesion by tetrachloromethane].

The results of the pharmacological investigation of the properties of apricot leaves dry extract are indicated in the article. It is proved that the extract belongs to the group of "relatively harmless" substances, exclusion of the ulcerogenic effect on the stomach, local irritating and allergenic effect on animals. It is found minimal reacting dose of the extract, which is 70 mg/kg of body weight. On the model of liver lesion by tetrachlormethane it is proved the antioxidant properties of the extract, which is manifested by the decreasing of the activity of oxidative processes and the resumption of the activity of the endogenous antioxidant system. At the studying of the bile formation and bile secretion functions in the conditions of the toxic tetrachlormethane lesion the hepatoprotective effect of the dosage form was confirmed, which was realized by the increasing of the speed of bile secretion and its volume. It is proved a positive effect of the extract on the detoxification function of the liver, that is confirmed by the reducing of the hexenal sleep in rats after toxicant exposure.

[Role of the antioxidant system in the pathogenesis of toxic hepatitis]. / Rol' antioksidantnoi sistemy v patogeneze toksicheskogo gepatita.

Four subcutaneous administrations of 2 g/kg of tetrachloromethane to albino rats inhibited the hepatic activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced the concentrations of tocopherol, retinol, ascorbic acid, glutathiones, decreased the plasma level of ceruloplasmin and the total antioxidative activity of liver tissue. The magnitude of changes in antioxidative parameters depended on the severity of hepatocytic destruction.

[The acetylcysteine correction of disorders of the oxidative processes in a toxic liver lesion]. / Korrektsiia atsetiltsisteinom narushenii okislitel'nykh protsessov pri toksicheskom porazhenii pecheni.

The damage of the liver in albino rats induces by CCl4 was followed by the disorders in the free radical, microsomal, and mitochondrial oxidation. The administration of acetylcysteine to the animals in a dose of 500 mg/kg 3 times a day resulted in normalization of chemiluminescence parameters of the liver tissue, the rate of oxygen consumption by microsomes and mitochondria of the hepatocytes, and in normalization of the succinatdehydrogenase, cytochromooxidase, H-ATP-ase activity and ATP concentration.

[Correction of disorders of oxidative processes in toxic liver injury using enterosorption]. / Korektsiia enterosorbtsiieiu porushen' okysniuval'nykh protsesiv pry toksychnomu urazhenni pechinky.

Liver injury with tetrachloromethane in white rats is accompanied by accumulation of hydroperoxides in the blood plasma and liver tissue and suppression of antioxidant system (the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, contents of SH-groups and total phospholipids drastically decreases). Ceruloplasmin level in plasma, on the contrary, increases. Enterosorbent SUGS-E in a dose of 19 g/kg partially normalizes violated balance between the activity of free radical processes and state of the antioxidant protection system.