Disordered alcohol and substance use in Irish farmers: A cross-sectional survey.

PURPOSE: Farming is a high-pressure occupation. Populations of farmers face significant health risks, including injury, mental illness, and in some cases, heavy alcohol use. However, there is little research on farmers' use of substances beyond alcohol. This study examines factors relating to Irish farmers' disordered alcohol and substance use. METHODS: In accordance with STROBE guidelines for cross-sectional research and reporting, we examined disordered alcohol and substance use in 351 Irish farmers using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Tool (AUDIT) and Drug Use Disorders Identification Tool (DUDIT). FINDINGS: While 28% of farmers did not drink, 40% of those who did drink exceeded the AUDIT threshold for disordered use. Similarly, while 95% of farmers did not use substances, 78% of farmers who did use substances exceeded the DUDIT threshold for disordered use. Age was the most important risk factor for disordered alcohol and substance use and correlated with other main risk factors: lower income, no children, part-time farmer, and full-time off-farm roles. Disordered drinking was highest in farmers engaged in full-time education. CONCLUSIONS: This population of Irish farmers report broadly healthy alcohol and substance use behaviors. Irish farmers may serve as a model group whose strengths can be utilized in interventions within and beyond the Irish farming community. Our results confirm the importance of analyzing demographic factors in farmers' drinking and identify younger farmers as especially at-risk for harmful alcohol and substance use.

Continuity in the face of change: Identifying three strategies for constructing stable masculinity in liminality.

We examined how men tell stories of masculinity, continuity, and change in the liminal context of moving between hometown and university. In nine in-depth semi-structured interviews with male students at an Irish university, participants were asked to describe their experiences moving between the places of home and university. We examined the functions of men's stories using a narrative approach to discourse analysis. We identified three strategies that university men use to construct and position the self in a narrative of transition: continuity through stability, continuity through resistance, and continuity through growth. We conclude that participants use all three strategies to construct 'authentic' masculinity. Therefore, a primary discursive goal in these men's talk about life transitions was to construct a stable and authentic masculine identity. Our findings foreground men's use of masculinity to maintain a coherent identity in response to liminal contexts. We highlight the importance of examining identity performance across liminal contexts and among other more disadvantaged groups to analyse different self and identity construction in stories of change. Findings are discussed in relation to stability and continuity as important discursive accomplishment for masculinity and other identities in liminality.