[Use of reactor neutrons in the multimodal treatment of patients with breast cancer]. / Problema ispol'zovaniia reaktornykh neitronov v kompleksnom lechenii bol'nykh rakom molochnoi zhelezy.

The results of multimodality treatment are analyzed in 56 patients with local breast cancer. Combined gamma-neutron therapy with the use of fast reactor neutrons enhances the efficiency of breast cancer treatment and does not increase the number of radiation reactions and complications. The three-year survival increased from 44 +/- 12 to 75 +/- 9%. The test reactors specifically adjusted may be useful for the radiation therapy of patients with various malignant neoplasms. Combined gamma-neutron therapy is more promising for this purpose than neutron therapy alone.

[The hemostatic state of patients with breast and lung cancer undergoing hypoxic radiotherapy]. / Sostoianie gemostaza u bol'nykh rakom molochnoi zhelezy i legkogo pri gipoksiradioterapii.

Parameters of functional status of the hemostatic system were studied in 76 breast and lung cancer patients in the course of radiotherapy using TTC-10 hypoxic gas mixture (oxygen--10% and nitrogen--90%) as radioprotector. The thrombophilic status of the blood in breast and lung cancer patients established prior to treatment was accounted for by increased functional activity of platelets, increased capillary blood coagulability, formation of dense clot and inhibition of fibrinolysis. In the course of hypoxyradiotherapy, blood thrombogeneity becomes lower due to a decrease in platelet adhesion.

[Results and prospects of preoperative irradiation of tumors]. / Rezul'taty i perspektivy predoperatsionnogo oblucheniia opukholei.

An analysis of the results of combined therapy of patients with cancer of different sites has shown a high efficacy of the method. The use of radiation therapy in combination with known surgical ablation methods results in a decrease in the number of local recurrences and distant tumor metastases as well as in an increase in the proportion of operable patients with locally spread tumors. These methods contribute to the prolongation of cancer patients' life.

[Role of anesthesia in the development of postoperative infectious complications in thoracic oncological surgery]. / Rol' anestezii v razvitii posleoperatsionnykh infektsionnykh oslozhnenii v grudnoi onkokhirurgii.

Clinical analysis of incidence and degree of postoperative infectious complications was made in 140 patients subjected to operations on the lungs for cancer. The analysis has shown that in the group of patients operated upon under conditions of combined halothane anesthesia, the incidence and degree of postoperative infectious complications (suppuration of wounds, pneumonia in the other lung, empyema of the pleura) were considerably higher than in the group of patients operated on under conditions of neuroleptoanesthesia. The incidence of infectious complications was also higher in patients operated upon after preoperative irradiation. Mechanisms of immunosuppressive effects of general halothane anesthesia are discussed.

[The immediate and late results of protecting the patient's normal tissues by using the gas hypoxic mixture GHM-10 in the radiation therapy of breast cancer]. / Neposredstvennye i otdalennye rezul'taty zashchity normal'nykh tkanei patsienta s pomoshch'iu gazovoi gipoksicheskoi smesi GGS-10 pri luchevoi terapii raka molochnoi zhelezy.

The effect of inhalation of gaseous hypoxic mixture GHM-10 (oxygen--10 +/- 1.0 and nitrogen--90.0 +/- 1.0%) on radiation response of normal tissues was studied in 184 breast cancer patients. The mixture was administered to 120 patients while 74 controls received a standard course of radiotherapy. Administration of the mixture improved normal tissue resistance to radiotherapy for breast cancer and was followed by lower incidence of long-term radiation injury, lower frequency and shorter duration of general vegetative reactions to radiation.

[Benefits of intensive preoperative irradiation in combined therapy of breast cancer]. / Preimushchestva intensivnogo preoperatsionnogo oblucheniia pri kombinirovannom lechenii raka molochnoi zhelezy.

The therapeutic, social and economic aspects of the efficacy of intense preoperative irradiation in combined therapy of breast cancer were analysed. It has been established that preoperative irradiation in the form of the fractionation of a single focal dose of 6 Gy every other day, the summary dose of 24 Gy within 8-10 days followed by surgery 1-3 days after irradiation does not either complicate its performance or the course of the postoperative period, and by the short- and long-term results it is no worse than the routine dose fractionation. Large dose fractionation saves the time of preoperative irradiation (10 days instead of 5-6 weeks), reduces the time of inpatients' stay (56-70 days instead of 90-100 days), enables most of the patients after treatment to resume work 1.2-2 mos. earlier than after the routine dose fractionation. Preoperative irradiation in the form of large dose fractionation reduces the time of treatment, does not change its efficacy and provides for a greater economic effect.

[The state of hormonal homeostasis in patients with lung cancer under combined and radiation treatment]. / Sostoianie gormonal'nogo gomeostaza u bol'nykh rakom legkogo pri kombinirovannom i luchevom lechenii.

Radioimmunologic evaluation of hormonal profile was performed in 200 lung cancer patients before and after combined and radiation treatment and in 25 healthy subjects (controls). The study showed an increase in the basal level of hormones of pituitary-adrenal system matched by a decline in thyroid function. Adequate combined and radiation treatment brought hormone levels to normal. Hormonal disorders accompanying recurrence were identical to those registered at disease onset. In some cases, changes in hormonal profile developed as early as 3-6 months prior to clinically manifest recurrences or dissemination.

[Prognostic significance of the determination of carcinoembryonic antigen in the blood of patients with lung cancer]. / Prognosticheskoe znachenie opredeleniia rakovo-embrional'nogo antigena v krovi bol'nykh rakom legkogo.

Correlation analysis of the results of examination of 86 lung cancer patients treated by surgery and methods other than surgery established an inverse relationship between life-span and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level. An analysis using reagents supplied by CEA-IRE-Sorin Company showed that a CEA level in blood in excess of 10 micrograms/l is associated with the most unfavorable prognosis. The degree and rate of CEA excretion are in direct correlation with life-span and provide the most reliable criterion in evaluating the effectiveness of lung cancer treatment.

[Functional state of the hypophyseal-adrenal system in lung cancer]. / Funktsional'noe sostoianie gipofizarno-adrenalovoi sistemy u bol'nykh rakom legkikh.

The results are reported on studies of the secretion of adrenocorticotropic (ACTH), somatotropic (STH) hormones and cortisol, using a standard set for in vitro diagnosis. A total of 66 patients aged 31--70 (64 males and 2 females) have been examined. Among these patients stage II was noted in 17, stage III--in 31, stage IV--in 18. In 19 of them a peripheral cancer and in 47--central cancer was detected. The data obtained indicate an increased basal level of ACTH, STH, cortisol which is directly dependent on the cancer process stage. The maximum increased level of these hormones was noted in low differentiated cancer of the lung.