The Lattice-Based Screen Set: A Square N -Color All-Orders Moiré-Free Screen Set.

Periodic clustered-dot screens are widely used for electrophotographic printers due to their print stability. However, moiré is a ubiquitous problem that arises in color printing due to the beating together of the clustered-dot, periodic halftone patterns that are used to represent different colorants. The traditional solution in the graphic arts and printing industry is to rotate identical square screens to angles that are maximally separated from each other. However, the effectiveness of this approach is limited when printing with more than four colorants, i.e., N -color printing, where N > 4 . Moreover, accurately achieving the angles that have maximum angular separation requires a very high-resolution plate writer, as is used in commercial offset printing. Commercially available high-end digital printers cannot achieve this resolution. In this paper, we propose a systematic way to design color screen sets for periodic, clustered-dot screens that offer more explicit control of the moiré properties of the resulting screens when used in color printing. We develop a principled approach for the moiré-free screen design that is called lattice-based screen design. The basic concept behind our approach is the creation of the screen set on a 2D lattice in the frequency domain, and then picking each fundamental frequency vector of the individual colorant planes in the created spectral lattice according to the desired properties. The lattice-based screen design offers more flexibility in designing N -color screen sets with different halftone geometries, and all of them are guaranteed to be all-orders moiré-free. We demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed method by introducing several new screen designs, and a comparison with published screen designs.

Clustered-dot halftoning with direct binary search.

In this paper, we present a new algorithm for aperiodic clustered-dot halftoning based on direct binary search (DBS). The DBS optimization framework has been modified for designing clustered-dot texture, by using filters with different sizes in the initialization and update steps of the algorithm. Following an intuitive explanation of how the clustered-dot texture results from this modified framework, we derive a closed-form cost metric which, when minimized, equivalently generates stochastic clustered-dot texture. An analysis of the cost metric and its influence on the texture quality is presented, which is followed by a modification to the cost metric to reduce computational cost and to make it more suitable for screen design.