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1.
Vet Dermatol ; 34(6): 505-513, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37382082

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Prick testing is widely used as the first-line in vivo test for environmental allergens in people owing to its noninvasive nature and speed of performance. OBJECTIVES: To determine concordance between skin prick testing (SPT) and intradermal testing (IDT) reactivity to environmental allergen mixes in dogs with atopic dermatitis (cAD). ANIMALS: Forty client-owned dogs with cAD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Skin prick testing (GREER Pick System; Stallergenes Greer) and IDT were performed on 40 dogs using seven glycerinated and aqueous environmental allergen mixes, respectively (tree, grass and weed pollens, house dust mites and three mould mixes). Reactions for IDT and SPT were evaluated both subjectively and objectively (mean wheal diameter; MWD) and compared to saline and histamine controls. RESULTS: Using IDT as the gold standard, with subjective scoring, SPT was 47.0% sensitive [95% confidence interval (CI) 36.0%-58.7%], 92.1% specific (95% CI 87.6%-95.3%) and agreement was moderate (79%, Cohen's kappa = 0.424). The positive predictive value of SPT was 36% and negative predictive value was 95%. Objective and subjective scores had only fair agreement. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Skin prick testing with allergen mixes was specific yet poorly sensitive as compared to IDT. For both IDT and SPT, 95% (38 of 40) dogs failed to react to an allergen mix, despite showing a positive reaction to at least one component. Future studies comparing SPT and IDT should test individual allergens rather than mixes to prevent the dilution of individual components, which may have resulted in false negatives.


Assuntos
Alérgenos , Dermatite Atópica , Humanos , Animais , Cães , Projetos Piloto , Testes Intradérmicos/veterinária , Testes Intradérmicos/métodos , Testes Cutâneos/veterinária , Dermatite Atópica/diagnóstico , Dermatite Atópica/veterinária
2.
Vet Dermatol ; 34(5): 441-451, 2023 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37221296

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Dermal arteritis of the nasal philtrum (DANP) has been described in large-breed dogs. OBJECTIVES: To characterise clinically distinct, discrete fissures of the dorsolateral nasal alae associated with severe bleeding in German shepherd dogs (GSDs). ANIMALS: Fourteen privately owned GSDs with linear rostrolateral nasal alar fissures and a histopathological diagnosis of nasal vasculopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of medical records and histological slides. RESULTS: Mean age of onset was 6 years. Before biopsy, episodic arteriolar bleeding was noted in 11 of the 14 (79%) dogs. Slide analysis revealed enlarged nasal arterioles with expanded vascular tunics and luminal stenosis beneath ulcers. Histopathological lesions consistent with mucocutaneous pyoderma and/or facial discoid lupus erythematosus were present in 5 of the 14 (36%) dogs. Enlarged arterioles stained blue with Alcian blue and Masson's trichrome stains, consistent with deposition of mucin and collagen, respectively. Immunohistochemical stains (neutrophil myeloperoxidase, IBA1, CD3) were performed. CD3 was negative for all dogs, whilst neutrophil myeloperoxidase and IBA1 occasionally demonstrated intramural neutrophils (3 of the 14 dogs, 21%) or histiocytes (1 of the 14 dogs, 7%) in altered vessels, respectively. All dogs underwent medical management and/or surgical excision. Treatments included tacrolimus, prednisone, ciclosporin-modified, pentoxifylline, antimicrobials and doxycycline/niacinamide. No dogs were treated with antimicrobials alone. For seven dogs with long-term follow-up, treatment response was complete in five (71%) and partial in two (29%), with six of the seven (86%) receiving immunomodulatory treatments to maintain remission. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Nasal alar arteriopathy of GSDs shares histopathological changes with DANP. It has characteristic clinical and histopathological features and appears amenable to immunomodulation.


Assuntos
Arterite , Doenças do Cão , Pioderma , Cães , Animais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Peroxidase/uso terapêutico , Doxiciclina/uso terapêutico , Ciclosporina/uso terapêutico , Pioderma/veterinária , Arterite/diagnóstico , Arterite/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico
3.
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis ; 17(6): 388-397, 2017 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28346866

RESUMO

Bartonellae are blood-borne and vector-transmitted pathogens, some are zoonotic, which have been reported in several Mediterranean countries. Transmission from dogs to humans is suspected, but has not been clearly demonstrated. Our objectives were to determine the seroprevalence of Bartonella henselae, Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii, Bartonella clarridgeiae, and Bartonella bovis (as a proxy for Candidatus Bartonella merieuxii) in stray dogs from Tunisia, identify the Bartonella species infecting the dogs and evaluate potential risk factors for canine infection. Blood samples were collected between January and November 2013 from 149 dogs in 10 Tunisian governorates covering several climatic zones. Dog-specific and geographic variables were analyzed as potential risk factors for Bartonella spp. seropositivity and PCR-positivity. DNA was extracted from the blood of all dogs and tested by PCR for Bartonella, targeting the ftsZ and rpoB genes. Partial sequencing was performed on PCR-positive dogs. Twenty-nine dogs (19.5%, 95% confidence interval: 14-27.4) were seropositive for one or more Bartonella species, including 17 (11.4%) for B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii, 14 (9.4%) for B. henselae, 13 (8.4%) for B. clarridgeiae, and 7 (4.7%) for B. bovis. Statistical analysis revealed a few potential risk factors, mainly dog's age and breed, latitude and average winter temperature. Twenty-two (14.8%) dogs, including 8 of the 29 seropositive dogs, were PCR-positive for Bartonella based on the ftsZ gene, with 18 (81.8%) of these 22 dogs also positive for the rpoB gene. Partial sequencing showed that all PCR-positive dogs were infected with Candidatus B. merieuxii. Dogs from arid regions and regions with cold average winter temperatures were less likely to be PCR-positive than dogs from other climatic zones. The widespread presence of Bartonella spp. infection in Tunisian dogs suggests a role for stray dogs as potential reservoirs of Bartonella species in Tunisia.


Assuntos
Infecções por Bartonella/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Animais , Antígenos de Bactérias/sangue , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Infecções por Bartonella/sangue , Infecções por Bartonella/epidemiologia , Infecções por Bartonella/microbiologia , Doenças do Cão/sangue , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Cães , Feminino , Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica , Masculino , Fatores de Risco , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Tunísia/epidemiologia
4.
Vet Microbiol ; 180(3-4): 268-72, 2015 Nov 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26454564

RESUMO

Domestic cats are the natural reservoir of Bartonella henselae, the agent of cat scratch disease in humans. In kittens, maternal IgG antibodies are detectable within two weeks postpartum, weaning in six to ten weeks postpartum and kittens as young as six to eight weeks old can become bacteremic in a natural environment. The study's objective was to evaluate if maternal antibodies against a specific B. henselae strain protect kittens from infection with the same strain or a different strain from the same genotype. Three seronegative and Bartonella-free pregnant queens were infected with the same strain of B. henselae genotype II during pregnancy. Kittens from queens #1 and #2 were challenged with the same strain used to infect the queens while kittens from queen #3 were challenged with a different genotype II strain. All queens gave birth to non-bacteremic kittens. After challenge, all kittens from queens infected with the same strain seroconverted, with six out of the seven kittens presenting no to very low levels of transitory bacteremia. Conversely, all four kittens challenged with a different strain developed high bacteremia (average 47,900 CFU/mL by blood culture and 146,893 bacteria/mL by quantitative PCR). Overall, qPCR and bacterial culture were in good agreement for all kittens (Kappa Cohen's agreement of 0.78). This study demonstrated that young kittens can easily be infected with a different strain of B. henselae at a very young age, even in the presence of maternal antibodies, underlining the importance of flea control in pregnant queens and young kittens.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Bacteriemia/veterinária , Bartonella henselae/classificação , Doenças do Gato/microbiologia , Imunidade Materno-Adquirida , Animais , Bacteriemia/imunologia , Doenças do Gato/imunologia , Gatos , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Feminino , Genótipo , Masculino , Gravidez
5.
Appl Environ Microbiol ; 81(18): 6446-50, 2015 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26162871

RESUMO

Bartonella infection among cats from shelters can pose a health risk to adopters. Bartonella henselae is the most common species, with B. clarridgeiae and B. koehlerae being less common. The lower rates of infection by the latter species may reflect their rarity or an inefficiency of culture techniques. To assess the incidence of infection, blood cultures, serology, and PCR testing were performed on 193 kittens (6 to 17 weeks old) and 158 young adult cats (5 to 12 months old) from a modern regional shelter. Classical B. henselae culture medium was compared to a medium supplemented with insect cell growth factors. Bartonella colonies were isolated from 115 (32.8%) animals, including 50 (25.9%) kittens and 65 (41.1%) young adults. Therefore, young adults were twice as likely to be culture positive as kittens. Enhanced culture methods did not improve either the isolation rate or species profile. B. henselae was isolated from 40 kittens and 55 young adults, while B. clarridgeiae was cultured from 10 animals in each group. B. koehlerae was detected in one young adult by PCR only. B. henselae genotype II was more commonly isolated from young adults, and genotype I was more frequently isolated from kittens. Kittens were 4.7 times more likely to have a very high bacterial load than young adults. A significantly higher incidence of bacteremia in the fall and winter than in the spring and summer was observed. Bartonella antibodies were detected in 10% (19/193) of kittens and 46.2% (73/158) of young adults, with culture-positive kittens being 9.4 times more likely to be seronegative than young adults.


Assuntos
Infecções por Bartonella/veterinária , Bartonella/isolamento & purificação , Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia , Fatores Etários , Animais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Bacteriemia/veterinária , Bartonella/classificação , Bartonella/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Bartonella/imunologia , Infecções por Bartonella/epidemiologia , Infecções por Bartonella/imunologia , Infecções por Bartonella/microbiologia , Bartonella henselae/imunologia , Bartonella henselae/isolamento & purificação , Bartonella henselae/patogenicidade , Doenças do Gato/microbiologia , Gatos , DNA Bacteriano , Genótipo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , São Francisco , Estações do Ano
6.
Vet Microbiol ; 168(1): 169-76, 2014 Jan 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24315039

RESUMO

Dogs can be infected by a wide variety of Bartonella species. However, limited data is available on experimental infection of dogs with Bartonella strains isolated from domestic animals or wildlife. We report the inoculation of six dogs with Bartonella henselae (feline strain 94022, 16S rRNA type II) in three sets of two dogs, each receiving a different inoculum dose), four dogs inoculated with B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii type I (ATCC strain, one mongrel dog) or type II (coyote strain, two beagles and one mongrel) and B. rochalimae (coyote strain, two beagles). None of the dogs inoculated with B. henselae became bacteremic, as detected by classical blood culture. However, several dogs developed severe necrotic lesions at the inoculation site and all six dogs seroconverted within one to two weeks. All dogs inoculated with the B. v. berkhoffii and B. rochalimae strains became bacteremic at levels comparable to previous experimental infections with either a dog isolate or a human isolate. Our data support that dogs are likely accidental hosts for B. henselae, just like humans, and are efficient reservoirs for both B. v. berkhoffii and B. rochalimae.


Assuntos
Infecções por Bartonella/veterinária , Bartonella/fisiologia , Reservatórios de Doenças/microbiologia , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , Animais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Bacteriemia/veterinária , Bartonella/classificação , Bartonella/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Bartonella/microbiologia , Infecções por Bartonella/patologia , Gatos , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Cães , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino
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