Fibrilación auricular de novo en síndrome coronario agudo / Atrial fibrillation de novo in acute coronary syndrome

Resumen Una de las complicaciones durante un evento de síndrome coronario agudo es la presencia de arritmias. Dentro de ellas, las de tipo supraventricular, en especial fibrilación auricular, acarrea un mal pronóstico tanto a corto como a largo plazo y es la causa de situaciones como evento vascular cerebral, arritmias ventriculares y aumento de la mortalidad. Dicha arritmia tiende a aparecer en cierto grupo de población con particulares factores de riesgo durante el evento índice en aproximadamente 10% de los casos. Un tratamiento apropiado en el momento de su aparición, gracias al uso de fármacos que modulan la frecuencia cardiaca, el ritmo y el manejo anticoagulante en los grupos más vulnerables conllevará un desenlace menos sombrío para estos pacientes.

Abstract One of the complications during an acute coronary syndrome event is the presence of arrhythmias. Among them, those of the supraventricular type, especially atrial fibrillation, carry a poor prognosis both in the short and long term, being the cause of situations such as cerebrovascular event, ventricular arrhythmias, and increased mortality. The arrhythmia tends to appear in a certain population group with particular risk factors during the index event in approximately 10% of cases. Appropriate treatment at the time of its onset, thanks to the use of drugs that modulate heart rate, rhythm, and anticoagulant management in the most vulnerable groups, will lead to a less bleak outcome for these patients.

Assessing antibiotic residues in sediments from mangrove ecosystems: A review.

Antibiotics' widespread and abusive use in aquaculture and livestock leads to extensive environmental dissemination and dispersion, consequently increasing antibiotic-resistant bacteria in marine ecosystems. Hence, there is an increased need for efficient methods for identifying and quantifying antibiotic residues in soils and sediments. From a review of the last 20 years, we propose and compare different chromatographic techniques for detecting and quantifying antibiotics in sediment samples from marine ecosystems, particularly in mangrove forest sediments. The methods typically include three stages: extraction of antibiotics from the solid matrix, cleaning, and concentration of samples before quantification. We address the leading causes of the occurrence of antibiotics in marine ecosystem sediments and analyze the most appropriate methods for each analytical stage. Ultimately, selecting a method for identifying antibiotic residues depends on multiple factors, ranging from the nature and physicochemical properties of the analytes to the availability of the necessary equipment and the available resources.

Production and Physicochemical Characterization of the Gel Obtained in the Fermentation Process of Blue Corn Flour (Zea mays L.) with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.

Food gels are viscoelastic substances used in various gelled products manufactured around the world. Polysaccharides are the most common food gelling agents. The aim of this work was the production and characterization of a gel produced in a blue corn flour fermentation process, where different proportions were used of blue corn (Zea mays L.) flour and Czapek Dox culture medium (90 mL of culture medium with 10 g of blue corn flour, 80 mL of culture medium with 20 g of blue corn flour, and 70 mL of culture medium with 30 g of blue corn flour) and were fermented for three different durations (20, 25, and 30 days) with the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides fungus. A characterization of the gel was carried out studying the rheological properties, proximal analysis, toxicological analysis, microscopic structure, and molecular characterization, in addition to a solubility test with three different organic solvents (ethanol, hexane, and ethyl acetate, in addition to water). The results obtained showed in the rheological analysis that the gel could have resistance to high temperatures and a reversible behavior. The gel is soluble in polar solvents (ethanol and water). The main chemical components of the gel are carbohydrates, especially polysaccharides, and it was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy that the gel may be composed of pectin.

Atrial fibrillation de novo in acute coronary syndrome.

One of the complications during an acute coronary syndrome event is the presence of arrhythmias. Among them, those of the supraventricular type, especially atrial fibrillation, carry a poor prognosis both in the short and long term, being the cause of situations such as cerebrovascular event, ventricular arrhythmias, and increased mortality. The arrhythmia tends to appear in a certain population group with particular risk factors during the index event in approximately 10% of cases. Appropriate treatment at the time of its onset, thanks to the use of drugs that modulate heart rate, rhythm, and anticoagulant management in the most vulnerable groups, will lead to a less bleak outcome for these patients.

Una de las complicaciones durante un evento de síndrome coronario agudo es la presencia de arritmias. Dentro de ellas, las de tipo supraventricular, en especial fibrilación auricular, acarrea un mal pronóstico tanto a corto como a largo plazo y es la causa de situaciones como evento vascular cerebral, arritmias ventriculares y aumento de la mortalidad. Dicha arritmia tiende a aparecer en cierto grupo de población con particulares factores de riesgo durante el evento índice en aproximadamente 10% de los casos. Un tratamiento apropiado en el momento de su aparición, gracias al uso de fármacos que modulan la frecuencia cardiaca, el ritmo y el manejo anticoagulante en los grupos más vulnerables conllevará un desenlace menos sombrío para estos pacientes.

Oxidative Effects in Early Stages of Embryo Development Due to Alcohol Consumption.

Alcohol, a widely consumed drug, exerts significant toxic effects on the human organism. This review focuses on its impact during fetal development, when it leads to a spectrum of disorders collectively termed Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Children afflicted by FASD exhibit distinct clinical manifestations, including facial dysmorphism, delayed growth, and neurological and behavioral disorders. These behavioral issues encompass diminished intellectual capacity, memory impairment, and heightened impulsiveness. While the precise mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced fetal damage remain incompletely understood, research indicates a pivotal role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are released during alcohol metabolism, inciting inflammation at the cerebral level. Ethanol metabolism amplifies the generation of oxidant molecules, inducing through alterations in enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems responsible for cellular homeostasis. Alcohol consumption disrupts endogenous enzyme activity and fosters lipid peroxidation in consumers, potentially affecting the developing fetus. Addressing this concern, administration of metformin during the prenatal period, corresponding to the third trimester of human pregnancy, emerges as a potential therapeutic intervention for mitigating FASD. This proposed approach holds promise for ameliorating the adverse effects of alcohol exposure on fetal development and warrants further investigation.

A mutualistic bacterium rescues a green alga from an antagonist.

Photosynthetic protists, known as microalgae, are key contributors to primary production on Earth. Since early in evolution, they coexist with bacteria in nature, and their mode of interaction shapes ecosystems. We have recently shown that the bacterium Pseudomonas protegens acts algicidal on the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. It secretes a cyclic lipopeptide and a polyyne that deflagellate, blind, and lyse the algae [P. Aiyar et al., Nat. Commun. 8, 1756 (2017) and V. Hotter et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 118, e2107695118 (2021)]. Here, we report about the bacterium Mycetocola lacteus, which establishes a mutualistic relationship with C. reinhardtii and acts as a helper. While M. lacteus enhances algal growth, it receives methionine as needed organic sulfur and the vitamins B1, B3, and B5 from the algae. In tripartite cultures with the alga and the antagonistic bacterium P. protegens, M. lacteus aids the algae in surviving the bacterial attack. By combining synthetic natural product chemistry with high-resolution mass spectrometry and an algal Ca2+ reporter line, we found that M. lacteus rescues the alga from the antagonistic bacterium by cleaving the ester bond of the cyclic lipopeptide involved. The resulting linearized seco acid does not trigger a cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis imbalance that leads to algal deflagellation. Thus, the algae remain motile, can swim away from the antagonistic bacteria and survive the attack. All three involved genera cooccur in nature. Remarkably, related species of Pseudomonas and Mycetocola also act antagonistically against C. reinhardtii or as helper bacteria in tripartite cultures.

Guided tooth autotransplantation of a palatally impacted maxillary canine into the site of a failed maxillary canine implant.

The aim of this report is to demonstrate the guided tooth autotransplantation of a palatally impacted maxillary canine into the site of a failed maxillary canine dental implant. A 47-year-old woman visited a dental clinic complaining of loose dental implant in the left maxillary canine site, tooth #11, as well as pain and swelling of the gum around the implant. The clinical examination revealed a mobile implant along with swollen soft tissues with bleeding on probing. A periapical radiograph demonstrated peri-implant marginal bone loss. Cone beam computed tomography sections revealed that tooth #11 was impacted palatally. The implant was removed and replaced with the impacted canine via guided autotransplantation and posterior orthodontic alignment. The patient was recalled at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24 and 48 months after the procedure. During this period, the patient was symptom-free and radiographic examination at 2 years revealed no periapical pathosis or root resorption.

Bilateral Digitally Aided Tooth Autotransplantation: A 2-Year Case Report.

Tooth autotransplantation is an effective treatment to replace missing teeth. Digital planning can facilitate successful autotransplantation. Guiding templates are highly recommended when performing cases in healed ridges in the posterior area to reduce excessive bone loss and increase the chances of fitting the donor tooth in the new socket. This case report highlights the use of 3D planning tools and fully guided drilling templates for successful tooth autotransplantation in the posterior area. Two tooth autotransplantations were performed in a 51-year-old patient using mandibular third molars to replace hopeless mandibular first and second molars. Root canal treatments were carried out before the surgeries, and different alveoloplasty techniques were used in each recipient area. The prosthetic phase was carried out after 9 months. Both teeth were asymptomatic, functional, and exhibited no signs of resorption or apical radiolucency and showed complete regeneration of the periodontal apparatus at the 2-year follow-up.

Antioxidant potential of nanomaterials.

Background/aim: The novel field of nanomaterials allows infinite possibilities in order to create antioxidant therapies. The present review is aimed to describe the state of art concerning on nanomaterials and their effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. A wide range of nanoparticles has been designed for this purpose, and each one possesses some particular characteristics which allow these significant antioxidant results. Several in vivo and in vitro works state the ability of these nanoparticles to mimic the redox systems of the cells, and thus, the potential role of nanoparticles as antioxidant treatment for several diseases. Materials and methods: This paper was written after a review of the articles published on the field, using the "PubMed" and "Research Gate" databases. Results: The main types of nanoparticles are listed and explained below, offering a global vision of the field with great interest for research. Antitumor chemo- and radiotherapies have been found to improve efficacy by enhancing the selectivity of cytocidal effects and minimizing systemic adverse effects when such materials are used. Furthermore, catalytic nanomaterials can execute energy-free antioxidant cycles that scavenge the most harmful reactive oxygen species via SOD- and catalase-like activities. Conclusion: This unique method is projected to result in significant gains in the long run. However, due to a lack of understanding of potential adverse body reactions to these novel strategies, caution must be exercised. Analyzing the biocompatibility of these nanomaterials carefully, particularly in terms of biokinetics and the problems that could arise from long-term retention of nonbiodegradable inorganic nanomaterials, is required.

Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty Associated With Unnoticed Glenohumeral Dislocation: A Case Report.

Osteonecrosis of the humeral head is seen in rare cases of anterior shoulder dislocations. There are many different surgical procedures that have been developed to repair inveterate anterior glenohumeral dislocation. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is a type of surgery that has been shown to be very effective in patients with cuff tear arthropathy. A 63-year-old female came to our service with an inveterate glenohumeral dislocation. We identified the osteonecrosis of the humeral head and decided to treat her with a reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Osteonecrosis following a glenohumeral dislocation is a rare condition. Treatment with a reverse shoulder arthroplasty allows a fast recovery, good functional results, and a better quality of life.

Recent Advances in the Removal of Radioactive Iodine and Iodide from the Environment.

Iodine (I2) in the form of iodide ions (I-) is an essential chemical element in the human body. Iodine is a nonmetal that belongs to the VIIA group (halogens) in the periodic table. Over the last couple of centuries, the exponential growth of human society triggered by industrialization coincided with the use of iodine in a wide variety of applications, including chemical and biological processes. However, through these processes, the excess amount of iodine eventually ends up contaminating soil, underground water, and freshwater sources, which results in adverse effects. It enters the food chain and interferes with biological processes with serious physiological consequences in all living organisms, including humans. Existing removal techniques utilize different materials such as metal-organic frameworks, layered double hydroxides, ion-exchange resins, silver, polymers, bismuth, carbon, soil, MXenes, and magnetic-based materials. From our literature survey, it was clear that absorption techniques are the most frequently experimented with. In this Review, we have summarized current advancements in the removal of iodine and iodide from human-made contaminated aqueous waste.

FOXO1 promotes the expression of canonical WNT target genes in examined basal-like breast and glioblastoma multiforme cancer cells.

Basal-like breast cancer (BBC) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are aggressive cancers associated with poor prognosis. BBC and GBM have stem cell-like gene expression signatures, which are in part driven by forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors. To gain further insight into the impact of FOXO1 in BBC, we treated BT549 cells with AS1842856 and performed RNA sequencing. AS1842856 binds to unphosphorylated FOXO1 and inhibits its ability to directly bind to DNA. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis indicated that a set of WNT pathway target genes, including lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1) and transcription factor 7 (TCF7), were robustly induced after AS1842856 treatment. These same genes were also induced in GBM cell lines U87MG, LN18, LN229, A172, and DBTRG upon AS1842856 treatment. By contrast, follow-up RNA interference (RNAi) targeting of FOXO1 led to reduced LEF1 and TCF7 gene expression in BT549 and U87MG cells. In agreement with RNAi experiments, CRISPR Cas9-mediated FOXO1 disruption reduced the expression of canonical WNT genes LEF1 and TCF7 in U87MG cells. The loss of TCF7 gene expression in FOXO1 disruption mutants was restored by exogenous expression of the DNA-binding-deficient FOXO1-H215R. Therefore, FOXO1 induces TCF7 in a DNA-binding-independent manner, similar to other published FOXO1-activated genes such as TCF4 and hes family bHLH transcription factor 1. Our work demonstrates that FOXO1 promotes canonical WNT gene expression in examined BBC and GBM cells, similar to results found in Drosophila melanogaster, T-cell development, and murine acute myeloid leukemia models.

Quality improvement collaborative to optimize heart failure care in patients from a network of clinics in Argentina during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Heart failure (HF) is a major clinical and public health problem associated with significant mortality, morbidity, and health-care costs. Despite the existence of evidence-based guidelines for the optimal treatment of HF, the quality of care remains suboptimal. Our aim was to increase the use a care bundle in 50% of enrolled subjects during their hospitalization and discharge and to reduce their readmission for HF causes by 10%. We conducted an uncontrolled before-after study in eight hospitals in Argentina to evaluate the effect of a quality improvement intervention on the use of an HF care bundle in patients with HF New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II-III. The HF bundle of care included medication, continuum of care, lifestyle habits, and predischarge examinations. Training and follow-up of multidisciplinary teams in each center were performed through learning sessions and plan-do-study-act improvement cycles. Data collectors reviewed bundle compliance in the health records of recruited patients after their hospital discharge and verified readmissions through phone calls to patients within 30-40 days after discharge. We recruited 200 patients (83 before and 127 during the intervention phase), and bundle compliance increased from 9.6% to 28.3% [odds ratio 3.71, 95% confidence interval (8.46; 1.63); P = .002]. Despite a slow improvement during the first months, bundle compliance gained momentum near the end of the intervention surpassing 80%. We observed a non-significant decreased readmission rate within 30 days of discharge due to HF in the postintervention period [8.4% vs. 5.5%, odds ratio 0.63, 95% CI (1.88; 0.21); P = .410]. Qualitative analysis showed that members of the intervention teams acknowledged the improvement of work organization and standardization of care, teamwork, shared mental model, and health record completeness as well as the utility of training fellows. Despite the challenges related to the pandemic, better care of patients with HF NYHA Class II-III was possible through simple interventions and collaborative work. Graphical abstract.

Melatonin as a Coadjuvant in the Treatment of Patients with Fibromyalgia.

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic widespread pain syndrome that is accompanied by fatigue, sleep disturbances, anxiety, depression, lack of concentration, and neurocognitive impairment. As the currently available drugs are not completely successful against these symptoms and frequently have several side effects, many scientists have taken on the task of looking for nonpharmacological remedies. Many of the FMS-related symptoms have been suggested to be associated with an altered pattern of endogenous melatonin. Melatonin is involved in the regulation of several physiological processes, including circadian rhythms, pain, mood, and oxidative as well as immunomodulatory balance. Preliminary clinical studies have propounded that the administration of different doses of melatonin to patients with FMS can reduce pain levels and ameliorate mood and sleep disturbances. Moreover, the total antioxidant capacity, 6-sulfatoxymelatonin and urinary cortisol levels, and other biological parameters improve after the ingestion of melatonin. Recent investigations have proposed a pathophysiological relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and FMS by looking at certain proteins involved in mitochondrial homeostasis according to the etiopathogenesis of this syndrome. These improvements exert positive effects on the quality of life of FMS patients, suggesting that the use of melatonin as a coadjuvant may be a successful strategy for the management of this syndrome.

Stereoselective synthesis of S-norvaline and related amino acids through a common intermediate.

A divergent, enantioselective synthetic strategy is reported to produce the non-proteinogenic, biologically active natural amino acids norvaline, 5-hydroxy-4-oxo-L-norvaline, and ɣ-oxonorvaline. These were synthesized in good yields (45-75%) from the common starting material (S)-allylglycine obtained by asymmetric transfer allylation of glycine Schiff base using the Corey catalyst derived from cinchonidine in more than 97% enantiomeric excess.

Evaluating pollution-related damage and restoration success in urban forests with participatory monitoring and digital tools.

Peri-urban forest monitoring requires indicators of vegetation damage. An example is the sacred fir (Abies religiosa) forests surrounding Mexico City, which have been heavily exposed to tropospheric ozone, a harmful pollutant, for over 4 decades. We developed a participatory monitoring system with which local community members and scientists generated data on ozone tree damage. Santa Rosa Xochiac rangers (13) used the digital tool KoboToolBox to record ozone damage to trees, tree height, tree ages, tree condition, tree position, and whether the tree had been planted. Thirty-five percent of the trees (n = 1765) had ozone damage. Younger trees had a lower percentage of foliage damaged by ozone than older trees (p < 0.0001), and asymptomatic trees tended to be younger (p < 0.0001). Symptomatic trees were taller than asymptomatic trees of the same age (R2 c  = 0.43, R2 m  = 0.27). Involving local communities facilitated forest monitoring and using digital technology improved data quality. This participatory system can be used to monitor forest condition change over time and thus aids restoration efforts driven by government or local communities' interests, facilitating local decision-making.

Evaluación del daño relacionado a la contaminación y del éxito de la restauración de los bosques urbanos con un monitoreo participativo y herramientas digitales Resumen El monitoreo de los bosques periurbanos requiere indicadores de daños en la vegetación. Un ejemplo son los bosques de abeto (Abies religiosa) que rodean la Ciudad de México, pues desde hace más de 4 décadas han estado expuestos al ozono troposférico, un contaminante nocivo. Desarrollamos un sistema de monitoreo participativo con el que miembros de la comunidad local y científicos generaron datos sobre los daños causados por el ozono en los árboles. Los guardabosques de Santa Rosa Xochiac (133) utilizaron la herramienta digital KoboToolBox para registrar los daños causados por el ozono en los árboles, su altura, edad, estado, posición y si eran árboles plantados. El 35% de los árboles (n = 1,765) presentó daños por ozono. Los árboles más jóvenes tenían un menor porcentaje de follaje dañado por el ozono que los árboles más viejos (p<0.0001), y los árboles asintomáticos tendían a ser más jóvenes (p<0.0001). Los árboles sintomáticos eran más altos que los asintomáticos de la misma edad (R2 c = 0.43, R2 m = 0.27). La participación de las comunidades locales facilitó el monitoreo forestal y el uso de tecnología digital mejoró la calidad de los datos. Este sistema participativo puede utilizarse para monitorear los cambios en el estado de los bosques a lo largo del tiempo y contribuir a los esfuerzos de restauración impulsados por el gobierno o las comunidades locales, facilitando la toma de decisiones a nivel local.

Patterns of ontogenetic evolution across extant marsupials reflect different allometric pathways to ecomorphological diversity.

The relatively high level of morphological diversity in Australasian marsupials compared to that observed among American marsupials remains poorly understood. We undertake a comprehensive macroevolutionary analysis of ontogenetic allometry of American and Australasian marsupials to examine whether the contrasting levels of morphological diversity in these groups are reflected in their patterns of allometric evolution. We collate ontogenetic series for 62 species and 18 families of marsupials (n = 2091 specimens), spanning across extant marsupial diversity. Our results demonstrate significant lability of ontogenetic allometric trajectories among American and Australasian marsupials, yet a phylogenetically structured pattern of allometric evolution is preserved. Here we show that species diverging more than 65 million years ago converge in their patterns of ontogenetic allometry under animalivorous and herbivorous diets, and that Australasian marsupials do not show significantly greater variation in patterns of ontogenetic allometry than their American counterparts, despite displaying greater magnitudes of extant ecomorphological diversity.

Inverse LGAD (iLGAD) Periphery Optimization for Surface Damage Irradiation.

Pixelated LGADs have been established as the baseline technology for timing detectors for the High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) and the Endcap Timing Layer (ETL) of the ATLAS and CMS experiments, respectively. The drawback of segmenting an LGAD is the non-gain area present between pixels and the consequent reduction in the fill factor. To overcome this issue, the inverse LGAD (iLGAD) technology has been proposed by IMB-CNM to enhance the fill factor and provide excellent tracking capabilities. In this work, we explore the use of iLGAD sensors for surface damage irradiation by developing a new generation of iLGADs, the periphery of which is optimized to improve the performance of irradiated sensors. The fabricated iLGAD sensors exhibit good electrical performances before and after X-ray irradiation.

Temporal and Spatial Variation in the Population Structure of Spanish Fusarium circinatum Infecting Pine Stands.

Fusarium circinatum is an introduced fungal pathogen extended to the northern regions of Spain that causes Pine Pitch Canker (PPC) disease. In this work, we analyzed the pathogen's genetic diversity to study changes over time and space since the first outbreak occurred in Spain. Using six polymorphic SSR markers, 15 MLGs were identified in 66 isolates, and only three haplotypes were found with frequencies higher than one. In general, genotypic diversity was low and decreased shortly over time in the northwestern regions while maintained at País Vasco, where only one haplotype (MLG32) was detected 10 years. This population also included isolates of a single mating type (MAT-2) and VCGs identified in only two groups, while isolates from NW regions were of both mating types and VCGs represented in 11 groups. The existence of haplotype MLG32 maintained on time and widely distributed suggests its good adaptation to the environment and the host. Results showed that the pathogen in País Vasco remains clearly differentiated from other northwestern populations. This fact was supported with no evidence of migration among regions. Results are explained by the asexual reproduction, but also selfing at least to a lesser extent that leads to identification of two new haplotypes.

The FOXO1 inhibitor AS1842856 triggers apoptosis in glioblastoma multiforme and basal-like breast cancer cells.

Basal-like breast cancer (BBC) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are poor-prognosis cancers that lack effective targeted therapies and harbor embryonic stem gene expression signatures. Recently, our group and others found that forkhead box transcription factor FOXO1 promotes stem gene expression in BBC and GBM cell lines. Given the critical role of cancer stem cells in promoting cancer progression, we examined the impact of FOXO1 inhibition with AS1842856 (a cell-permeable small molecule that directly binds to unphosphorylated FOXO1 protein to block transcriptional regulation) on BBC and GBM cell viability. We treated a set of BBC and GBM cancer cell lines with increasing concentrations of AS1842856 and found reduced colony formation. Treatment of BBC and GBM cancer cells with AS1842856 led to increases in FAS (FAS cell surface death receptor) and BIM (BCL2L11) gene expression, as well as increased positivity for markers for apoptosis such as annexin V and propidium iodide. Treatment with another FOXO1 inhibitor AS1708727 or FOXO1 RNAi also led to FAS induction. This work is the first to show that targeting BBC and GBM with FOXO1 inhibition leads to apoptosis. These novel findings may ultimately expand the repertoire of therapies for poor-prognosis cancers.