Recommendations on the use of the flash continuous glucose monitoring system in hospitalized patients with diabetes in Latin America.

BACKGROUND: Continuous glucose monitoring can improve glycemic control for hospitalized patients with diabetes, according to current evidence. However, there is a lack of consensus-established recommendations for the management of hospitalized patients with diabetes using flash continuous glucose monitoring system (fCGM) in Latin America. Therefore, this expert consensus exercise aimed to establish guidelines on the implementation of fCGM in the management of hospitalized patients with diabetes in Latin America. METHODS: The modified Delphi method was applied on a panel of nine specialists, establishing consensus at 80%. A twenty-two-question instrument was developed to establish recommendations on the use of fCGM in hospitalized patients living with diabetes. RESULTS: Based on consensus, experts recommend the use of fCGM in hospitalized patients with diabetes starting at admission or whenever hyperglycemia (> 180 mg/dl) is confirmed and continue monitoring throughout the entire hospital stay. The recommended frequency of fCGM scans varies depending on the patient's age and diabetes type: ten scans per day for pediatric patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes, adult patients with type 1 diabetes and pregnant patients, and seven scans for adult patients with type 2 diabetes. Different hospital services can benefit from fCGM, including the emergency room, internal medicine departments, intensive care units, surgery rooms, and surgery wards. CONCLUSIONS: The use of fCGM is recommended for patients with diabetes starting at the time of admission in hospitals in Latin America, whenever the necessary resources (devices, education, personnel) are available.

Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I in Mexico: Case-Based Review.

INTRODUCTION: Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a lysosomal storage disease present in 1:100,000 newborns. Variants in the IDUA (alpha-L-iduronidase) gene decrease the enzyme activity for glycosaminoglycans metabolism. MPS I patients exhibit clinical manifestations that fall on the Hurler, Hurler-Scheie, and Scheie syndrome spectrum. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a male Mexican patient with respiratory exacerbations requiring recurrent hospitalizations. He showed macrocephaly, coarse facies, hepatomegaly, umbilical hernia, and dorsal kyphosis. The sequencing of the IDUA gene revealed the following genotype: c.46_57del12/c.1205G>A. He received combined therapy with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and enzyme replacement. Mexican case reports were analyzed to estimate the prevalence of the associated genetic variants. CONCLUSION: Despite the challenges of managing this rare disease in Mexico, our patient benefited from the combined therapy. The discrete clinical manifestations and prompt evaluation by a geneticist were crucial in establishing a diagnosis, enabling an early intervention by a multidisciplinary team. The combination of ERT before and after HSCT provided health benefits to our patient.

Primary growth hormone insensitivity and psychomotor delay.

We report a case of short stature irresponsive to growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy. Low GH response to provocative tests and undetectable IGF-1 levels had suggested GH deficiency, while response to therapy indicated GH insensitivity. Molecular evaluation of the GH/IGF-1 axis should be performed in these cases to improve diagnosis and therapy.

Virus sincicial respiratorio en la temporada invernal 1999-2000 en la ciudad de Monterrey, Nuevo León, México / Respiratory syncytial virus infection in a group of children in the 1999-2000 winter season

Introducción. En nuestra ciudad son frecuentes, durante el invierno, las infecciones de vías respiratorias inferiores. El objetivo principal del presente estudio fue conocer la frecuencia del virus sincicial respiratorio (VSR) en tales infecciones, en niños menores de 5 años durante la temporada invernal 1999-2000, en 2 hospitales de Monterrey, Nuevo León, México. Material y métodos. Estudio prospectivo en 70 pacientes con diagnósticos de bronquiolitis o neumonía aguda. Los casos fueron seleccionados en forma aleatoria. La muestra para ser analizada se obtuvo de fosas nasales por medio de un hisopo, utilizando un método de inmunoensayo enzimático para la detección rápida del virus. Resultados. El VSR fue detectado en 17 pacientes (24.3 por ciento), predominando el sexo masculino, con una relación M/F de 2.4 vs 1. La mayor frecuencia fue en los menores de 6 meses y en 94 por ciento no superaba el año de edad. Los niños alimentados al seno materno por un mínimo de 3 meses mostraron tendencia a una menor estancia hospitalaria, aunque sin diferencia significativa con los que no recibieron dicho alimento. Pacientes fumadores pasivos, prematuros o con asma o antecedentes de alergia, mostraron tendencia a una estancia más prolongada. Los niños procedentes de nivel socioeconómico elevado presentaron la infección respiratoria a mayor edad que los de nivel económico bajo. Esta diferencia fue estadísticamente significativa (P < 0.05). Conclusiones. Los resultados mostraron una proporción baja del VSR en infecciones agudas de vías respiratorias inferiores, lo cual sugiere que la temporada invernal 1999-2000 fue benigna, sin brote epidémico, situación en la cual la incidencia suele ser de 80 por ciento o más.