Chronic wound healing by controlled release of chitosan hydrogels loaded with silver nanoparticles and calendula extract.

As the skin is the main protective organ of the body, it is exposed to wounds or injuries which carry out a healing process during a period of approximately 15 days depending on the severity of the injury. In the present research, the development of chitosan-based hydrogels loaded with silver nanoparticles and calendula extract (Ch-AgNPs-Ce) was proposed. This can be used to fulfill the hemostatic, anti-infective, antibacterial, healing and anti-inflammatory functions through controlled release of the nanoparticles and calendula extract in substitution of commonly used drugs. The physical properties of the silver nanoparticles were analyzed by UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, showing a size between 50 and 100 nm. The antibacterial properties were evaluated by the agar well diffusion method. Antimicrobial testing of the hydrogels showed that the inclusion of silver nanoparticles provides concentration-dependent antibacterial behavior against E. coli and S. aureus. The healing properties of the system were tested in two diabetic patients to whom said hydrogels were placed, obtaining a positive curative result after a few weeks. Therefore, it can be concluded that Ch-AgNPs-Ce hydrogels can achieve healing in chronic or exposed wounds after a period of time which can be used in alternative treatments in patients with poor healing capacity.

Renal Handling of Uric Acid.

Hyperuricemia occurs in 21.4% of the adult population and is associated with several conditions that increase oxidative stress and contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory mechanisms for the development and progression of diseases. Serum blood or urine samples of uric acid levels were used to mainly identify clinical problems, depending on the uric acid pathway alterations, which include synthesis, reabsorption or its excretion. Several proteins that act particularly as transporters (URAT1, GLUT9, 1-NPT1, 1-NPT4, OAT4, 9-MCT9, hUAT1, etc.) have been identified in the recent past involving tubular transport and clearance leading to clinical benefits. Until now, the knowledge of uric acid homeostasis centers its primary investigation on understanding molecular and genetic mechanisms, including the genetic polymorphisms that induce genetic and acquire renal tubular disorder, which increases or diminishes urate excretion.