HPV genotypes detected by linear array and next-generation sequencing in anal samples from HIV positive men who have sex with men in Mexico.

The incidence of anal cancer has been rising, especially in HIV+ patients and has been associated with HPV infection. HIV+ patients are more at risk of HPV coinfection and are seven times more likely to have persistent HPV infection; moreover, HIV+ men have an increased risk of developing anal cancer compared to HIV+ women. The development of screening strategies for the detection of HPV in HIV+ men is of major importance; however, there is not enough information about the HPV genotypes and variants that are colonizing the anal epithelia of HIV+ men in diverse geographical regions. Therefore, this work was aimed at identifying HPV genotypes present in the anal epithelium of HIV+ men who have sex with men (MSM), with or without anal lesions (n = 75). For HPV genotyping, two approaches were performed: Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test and next-generation sequencing (NGS). In general, the six most frequent HPV genotypes found by Linear Array were HPV6, 62, 61, 81, 16 and 51. On the other hand, employing NGS, a total of 36 HPV genotypes belonging to both alpha and beta genera were found. The genotypes with the greatest number of reads, according to the diagnostic group, were: HPV81, 45, 6, 51 and 61 in MSM without anal lesions (WAIN); HPV6, 61, 70, 62 and 66 in MSM with atypical lesions (AAL); HPV6, 11, 66, 81 and 61 in MSM with anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade I (AIN I); and HPV16, 81, 58, 61 and 52 with AIN III. Additionally, a great diversity of L1 variants was observed, especially in genotypes HPV16, 58, 61, 52, 45 and 59.

[HPV genotypes prevalence in México and worldwide detected by Linear Array]. / Prevalencia de genotipos de VPH en México y en el mundo detectados mediante Linear Array.

Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main factor associated with the development of cervical cancer (CC). Knowing about the prevalence of HPVs at different stages in the development of CC is important for determining the HPV oncogenic risk, the development of screening strategies, the evaluation of prevention programs, and also for vaccine designing. This paper is a meta-analysis of HPV prevalence worldwide and in Mexico from studies using the Linear Array® HPV Genotyping Test as a diagnostic test (it is the commercial test that, up to date, identifies the largest number of HPV genotypes in a single sample) in DNA of cervical samples from women with normal cytology, with low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LGSIL), with high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HGSIL) and with CC. The most prevalent genotypes after HPV-16 and -18 in women with CC varies depending on geographic region, which supports the need to develop detection and prevention strategies according to the characteristics of the population.

La infección por el virus de papiloma humano (VPH) es el principal factor asociado al desarrollo de cáncer cervicouterino (CaCU). Conocer la prevalencia de los diversos VPH en distintas etapas del desarrollo del CaCU es relevante para determinar los VPH de riesgo oncogénico, establecer el desarrollo de estrategias de tamizaje y la evaluación de programas de prevención, así como para el diseño de vacunas. El presente trabajo es un metaanálisis sobre prevalencia de VPH a nivel mundial y en México de estudios que hayan utilizado el Linear Array® HPV Genotyping Test como prueba diagnóstica (prueba comercial que a la fecha identifica la mayor cantidad de genotipos de VPH en una sola muestra), en ADN de raspados cervicales de mujeres con diagnóstico citológico normal, con lesión intraepitelial escamosa de bajo grado (LIEBG), con lesión intraepitelial escamosa de alto grado (LIEAG) y con CaCU. En mujeres con este tipo de cáncer, los genotipos más prevalentes después de los VPH-16 y -18 varían dependiendo de la región geográfica, lo que soporta la necesidad de desarrollar estrategias de detección y prevención acordes a las características de la población.