Displasia fibromuscular septal de la arteria carótida interna, asociada a lupus eritematoso sistémico / Septal fibromuscular dysplasia of the internal carotid artery, associated to systemic lupus erytematosus

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[Determination of systemic infections due to Mycoplasma in patients with clinically defined amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]. / Determinación de infecciones sistémicas por Mycoplasma en pacientes con esclerosis lateral amiotrófica clínicamente definida.

INTRODUCTION: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease of unknown origin which has been linked to chronic infections due to intracellular microorganisms. AIMS: The purpose of this study was to identify species of Mycoplasma in blood samples from patients with clinically defined ALS by means of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method in comparison to healthy control subjects. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a case-control study involving 75 participants, 20 of whom were patients with clinically defined ALS and 55 healthy controls. Venous blood samples were taken and processed in the Neuroimmunology Laboratory, where they were submitted to the PCR test for Mycoplasma sp. RESULTS: The patients with ALS were between 35 and 82 years old (mean: 52.5); the ages of the healthy control subjects ranged from 35 to 60 years (mean: 44.1). After performing the PCR for Mycoplasma sp. the following results were obtained: among the patients with ALS, 10 were found to be positive (50%) and 10 were negative (50%), whereas in the control subjects we found six positives (10.91%) and 49 negatives (89.09%); these results were statistically significant (p = 0.001). On calculating the estimated risk, an odds ratio of 8167 (CI 95%: 2.4-27.6) was obtained. This indicates that the risk of suffering from ALS, if the PCR test for Mycoplasma sp. is positive, is 8:1. CONCLUSIONS: There is a strong link between suffering from a chronic infection due to Mycoplasma and developing ALS. Intracellular pathogenic agents such as Mycoplasma can play a role in the genesis of neurodegenerative diseases.

Determinación de infecciones sistémicas por Mycoplasma en pacientes con esclerosis lateral amiotrófica clínicamente definida / Determination of systemic infections due to mycoplasma in patients with clinically defined amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Introducción. La esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa de causa desconocida, que se ha relacionado recientemente con infecciones crónicas por microorganismos intracelulares. Objetivo. Identificar especies de Mycoplasma en muestras de sangre de pacientes con ELA clínicamente definida, por medio del método de reacción en cadena de polimerasa (PCR) en comparación con controles sanos. Pacientes y métodos. Realizamos un estudio de casos y controles que incluía a 75 participantes, 20 pacientes con ELA clínicamente definida y 55 controles sanos. Se tomaron muestras de sangre venosa y se procesaron en el Laboratorio de Neuroinmulogía, donde se sometieron a la prueba de PCR para Mycoplasma sp. Resultados. Los pacientes con ELA tuvieron un rango de edad entre 35 y 82 años (media: 52,5); los sujetos control entre 35 y 60 años (media: 44,1). Después de realizar la PCR para Mycoplasma sp., se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: en los pacientes con ELA, 10 resultaron positivos (50%) y 10 negativos (50%), mientras que en los controles tenemos seis positivos (10,91%) y 49 negativos (89,09%), y se obtuvo significación estadística (p = 0,001). Al calcular el riesgo estimado, se obtiene un odds ratio de 8,167 (IC 95%: 2,4-27,6), lo cual indica que el riesgo de padecer ELA, si resulta positiva la prueba de PCR para Mycoplasma sp., es de 8:1. Conclusiones. Existe una fuerte asociación entre padecer una infección crónica por Mycoplasma y desarrollar ELA. Agentes patógenos intracelulares como Mycoplasma pueden desempeñar una función en la génesis de enfermedades neurodegenerativas (AU)

Introduction. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease of unknown origin which has been linked to chronic infections due to intracellular microorganisms. Aims. The purpose of this study was to identify species of Mycoplasma in blood samples from patients with clinically defined ALS by means of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method in comparison to healthy control subjects. Patients and methods. We conducted a case-control study involving 75 participants, 20 of whom were patients with clinically defined ALS and 55 healthy controls. Venous blood samples were taken and processed in the Neuroimmunology Laboratory, where they were submitted to the PCR test for Mycoplasma sp. Results. The patients with ALS were between 35 and 82 years old (mean: 52.5); the ages of the healthy control subjects ranged from 35 to 60 years (mean: 44.1). After performing the PCR for Mycoplasma sp. the following results were obtained: among the patients with ALS, 10 were found to be positive (50%) and 10 were negative (50%), whereas in the control subjects we found six positives (10.91%) and 49 negatives (89.09%); these results were statistically significant (p = 0.001). On calculating the estimated risk, an odds ratio of 8167 (CI 95%: 2.4-27.6) was obtained. This indicates that the risk of suffering from ALS, if the PCR test for Mycoplasma sp. is positive, is 8:1. Conclusions. There is a strong link between suffering from a chronic infection due to Mycoplasma and developing ALS. Intracellular pathogenic agents such as Mycoplasma can play a role in the genesis of neurodegenerative diseases (AU)

[The value of quantitative electroencephalogram analysis in the study of dementias]. / Utilidad del análisis cuantitativo del electroencefalograma en el estudio de las demencias.

INTRODUCTION: The question as to whether an electroencephalogram (EEG) needs to be carried out as a preliminary study in patients with dementia is currently the subject of some controversy. AIMS: Our aim was to determine the value of conventional and quantitative analysis of EEG recordings in the treatment of dementia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The EEG recordings of patients diagnosed with a syndrome of dementia were analysed both visually and quantitatively (comparing them with patients with major depressive disorder). RESULTS: A total of 45 EEG traces were analysed -25 from patients with dementia and 20 with major depressive disorder-. The most significant finding was the number of abnormal recordings in each group, which was higher in the dementia group, with 19 abnormal recordings (76%) versus five in the depression group (25%). The difference was statistically significant (p = 0.001). The slow base rhythm and low voltage also differed notably between the two groups. The two groups displayed significant differences in both the frontal d and the temporal q rhythms (relative power), although the percentage was higher in patients with dementia. The posterior a rhythm was the variable with the greatest difference, and the percentage was higher in patients with depression. In absolute power, only the posterior a rhythm displayed a significant difference between the two groups, and was greater in the patients with depression. CONCLUSIONS: Performing an EEG in the initial treatment of patients with dementia is useful to distinguish it from other pathological conditions, and its quantitative analysis helps in the search for the focus.

Utilidad del análisis cuantitativo del electroencefalograma en el estudio de las demencias / The value of quantitative electroencephalogram analysis in the study of dementias

Introducción. Actualmente existe controversia acerca dela necesidad de realizar o no, como estudio inicial, un electroencefalograma(EEG) en el paciente con demencia. Objetivo. Establecer lautilidad del análisis convencional y cuantitativo del EEG en el abordajede la demencia. Pacientes y métodos. Se realizó el análisisvisual y cuantitativo de los EEG de pacientes con diagnóstico de síndromedemencial (en comparación con pacientes con trastorno depresivomayor). Resultados. Se analizaron en total 45 EEG, 25 a pacientescon demencia y 20 con trastorno depresivo mayor. Los hallazgosmás relevantes fueron el número de registros anormales encada grupo, y fue superior en el grupo de demencia, con 19 registrosanormales (76%), contra cinco en el grupo de depresión (25%), conuna diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p = 0,001). El ritmode base lento y el bajo voltaje también constituyeron diferencias significativasentre ambos grupos. Tanto el ritmo ä frontal, como el ètemporal (poder relativo) mostraron diferencias significativas entreambos grupos, y existió en mayor porcentaje en los pacientes condemencia. El ritmo áposterior fue la variable con mayor diferencia,y fue mayor el porcentaje en pacientes con depresión. En el poderabsoluto, sólo el ritmo áposterior mostró una diferencia significativaentre los dos grupos, y fue mayor en los pacientes con depresión.Conclusiones. La realización de un EEG en el abordaje inicial delos pacientes con demencia resulta de utilidad discriminativa frentea otras patologías, y el análisis cuantitativo del mismo ayuda en labúsqueda de focalización

Introduction. The question as to whether an electroencephalogram (EEG) needs to be carried out as a preliminarystudy in patients with dementia is currently the subject of some controversy. Aims. Our aim was to determine the value ofconventional and quantitative analysis of EEG recordings in the treatment of dementia. Patients and methods. The EEGrecordings of patients diagnosed with a syndrome of dementia were analysed both visually and quantitatively (comparingthem with patients with major depressive disorder). Results. A total of 45 EEG traces were analysed –25 from patients withdementia and 20 with major depressive disorder–. The most significant finding was the number of abnormal recordings ineach group, which was higher in the dementia group, with 19 abnormal recordings (76%) versus five in the depression group(25%). The difference was statistically significant (p = 0.001). The slow base rhythm and low voltage also differed notablybetween the two groups. The two groups displayed significant differences in both the frontal äand the temporal èrhythms(relative power), although the percentage was higher in patients with dementia. The posterior árhythm was the variable withthe greatest difference, and the percentage was higher in patients with depression. In absolute power, only the posterior árhythm displayed a significant difference between the two groups, and was greater in the patients with depression.Conclusions. Performing an EEG in the initial treatment of patients with dementia is useful to distinguish it from otherpathological conditions, and its quantitative analysis helps in the search for the focus