[Emotional and psychosomatic disorder among female patients undergoing breast cancer diagnosis]. / Emotional and psychosomatic disorder among female patients undergoing breast cancer diagnosis.

UNLABELLED: Basics of psychoneuroimmunology indicate factors such as emotions, behaviour, personality and cognitive functions to have impact on weakening of immunological system and worsening the risk to develop medical conditions, including breast cancer. AIM: The aim of research was to attempt a coping of emotional and psychosomatic disorders among women undergoing breast tumor diagnostic process. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 145 female patients were included in the the research, among which 99 belonged to the research group (RG) and 46 belonged to the control group (CG). The average age in GB 49, 67 (± 9,47) i GK 46,43 (± 11,2). The research group members were undergoing diagnosis process for suspected breast cancer. The subjects filled out a survey and Symptom Questionnaire S-II, and were subject to mammographic and ultrasound examination, as well as aspiration biopsy was performed on them. 99 individual subjects were positively diagnosed with breast cancer, and 46 were negatively diagnosed. RESULTS: One in three women belonging to RG displayed emotional disorders. In CG only one in ten displayed symptoms of such disorders. Anxiety was the most common disorder mentioned by both RG and CG. There is however statistically relevant difference in anxiety intensity between the two groups. A statistically relevant corelation has been observed among members of the research group between certain psychosomatic disorders and a number of sociodemographic and medical variables' levels. CONCLUSIONS: Stress-related and formed psychophysiological and psychosomatic reactions are likely to play the role of psychosomatic and emotional factors leading to breast cancer development.

[A mistake in forensic psychiatric evaluation or abuse of psychiatry for non-medical purposes - a case report]. / Pomylka w opiniowaniu sadowo-psychiatrycznym czy naduzycie psychiatrii dla celów pozamedycznych - opis przypadku.

In this study we attempted to visualize certain irregularities that took place in the evaluation of a patient with personality disorders performed by psychiatrist expert witness, which resulted in an incorrect diagnosis, leading to wrong ruling of the court and a referral of the patient to clinical therapy lasting six years. The psychiatric and psychological expert opinions submitted to the court and first-hand psychiatric and psychological examination of the patient were analyzed. Efforts were made to show that the failure to comply with the diagnostic criteria in the process of diagnosis and not taking into account the previously issued five forensic psychiatric opinions issued by independent and experienced teams of psychiatrist expert witnesses, as well as not taking into account the nature of the offense committed have led to a number of irregularities in the assessment of the mental state of the patient. Above mentioned shortcomings have caused unjustified legal classification of the offense and six years long detention of the patient in closed psychiatric institutions, in our regard unnecessary. The described case could be regarded as an abuse of psychiatry for the non-medical purposes and thus should have be punish. Based on the presented case it has been demonstrated that insufficient experience in forensic psychiatry and failure to comply with diagnostic criteria of psychiatrists and psychologists expert witnesses had led to a series of blatant offense of civil rights and liberties, and thus unnecessary detention of the patient for six years.

[Quality of life and depressive symptoms in patients diagnosed with uterus cancer]. / Jakosc zycia i depresyjnosc u pacjentek z rozpoznaniem raka trzonu macicy.

UNLABELLED: In the present study quality of life and depressive symptoms as well as the influence of illness on emotional state in patients with diagnosis of uterus cancer was evaluated. The aim of the study was to evaluate quality of life and depressive symptoms in women diagnosed with uterus cancer who underwent surgical treatment and complementary therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study has been conducted on randomly chosen group of 100 patients diagnosed with uterus cancer who underwent surgical treatment and adjunctive therapy. Surveys has been conducted 6 months after completed therapy when no recurrence of carcinomatous disease was confirmed. Quality of life was evaluated using quality of life questionnaire EORTC QLQ-C30 and depressive symptoms were measured by means of Beck's depression self-rating scale. RESULTS: In the conducted study in most cases patients with diagnosis of uterus cancer didn't show symptoms of depression and in 40% of patients there were mild symptoms of depressive disorder. The results show that patients without depressive symptoms had better quality of life compared to those with concomitant depressive symptoms and it was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with diagnosed uterus cancer in whom no symptoms of depression were detected presented with better quality of life compared to patients with depressive symptoms. Emotional state of patients with uterus cancer can be an important factor influencing their quality of life.

[Quality of life and depressiveness of women patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer treated with surgery and after previous adjuvant therapy]. / Jakosc zycia i depresyjnosc u pacjentek z rozpoznaniem raka jajnika leczonych operacyjnie oraz po przebytej terapii uzupelniajacej.

UNLABELLED: In the present study undertaken to assess the quality of life and depression of women patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer. The aim of the study was to assess quality of life and severity of depression of women diagnosed with ovarian cancer treated with surgery, and then underwent adjuvant radio or chemotherapy treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The principle of study was to included on random selection 42 women diagnosed with ovarian cancer who were treated surgically, and then subjected to adjuvant therapy. Quality of life was based on patient self-assessment using the EORTC QLQ C-30 form. The severity of depression was assessed by the Beck Depression Scale. RESULTS: Our results showed that in the vast majority the quality of life of women with ovarian cancer who develop depression, evaluate their own quality of life at a low level. In contrast patients who did not get depressed in most cases evaluated their own quality of life at the average level. In studies it has been shown that patients manifesting symptoms of depression compared to women not having these symptoms differ in a statistically significant way, in terms of quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that women diagnosed with ovarian cancer who have demonstrated the co-existence of depression presented a lower quality of life. The study indicates that in the majority of cases the severity of depression of patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer were mild.

[Selected problems in the forensic-psychiatric evaluation of persons posing a likelihood of repeating a criminal act]. / Wybrane problemy w opiniowaniu sadowo-psychiatrycznym osób stwarzajacych prawdopodobienstwo ponownego popelnienia czynu przestepczego.

In the current penal code, compared to previous regulations, there have been alterations concerning medical security measures. These amendments have been prompted by socio-politic circumstances in Poland as well as implementation of Mental Health Act. According to the current law the court, on the request of expert psychiatrists, can pronounce a sentence of obligatory stay in psychiatric institution for perpetrator of criminal act who has been deemed not sane due to 31 subsection 1 of penal code and who is predictably able of recidivism. In legal-medical practice those less experienced expert psychiatrists may encounter difficulties producing expertise for the court, especially evaluating probability of recurrence of committing a criminal act and resulting request for psychiatric detention. In order to make this issue more acquainted we present a review of literature concerning it.

[Suicide attempts in patients with borderline personality--preliminary report]. / Próby samobójcze u pacjentów z osobowoscia borderline- -doniesienie wstepne.

UNLABELLED: Suicide is an act involving intentional taking his own life, which always raises a lot of emotion and controversy. In Poland, the suicide rate in the past few years has averaged about 15/100000 population, but in 2012 the number of suicides was fatal in 4177 cases. Over the years, there are certain fixed patterns in the epidemiology of suicide in Poland. Women often try to commit suicide but men often carry it out. Women usually choose less lethal methods. The highest rate of suicides committed in those states is between 50 and 59 years old. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of suicide attempts in patients with personality disorders of emotionally unstable personality type borderline and analysis of the underlying data and epidemiological determinants of suicide attempts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 12 patients with a diagnosis of personality disorder with borderline type. Mean age of patients was 33 years. 83% were women. There have been a random analysis of hospitalized psychiatric patients. The obtained data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: 41.67% declared a suicide attempt, more than one 25%, and without suicide attempts was 33.33 % of the respondents. Popular method of choice was drugs (41.67%), followed by hanging (16.67%), and jump out of the window (8.33%). The most common cause was heartbreak, then the stress of job loss and social conflict. 41.67% of patients had no comorbidities. CONCLUSION: Emotionally unstable personality borderline type carries a high risk of suicide attempts. The majority of suicide attempts was by the method of low or moderate lethality. Suicide attempts occurred in patients with the same personality disorder, to a lesser extent in patients with concomitant other disorders. Females more predisposed to committing suicide.

[Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the psychiatric practice--case reports of the ataxic and Heidenhain variant]. / Choroba Creutzfeldta-Jakoba w praktyce psychiatrycznej--opis przypadków postaci ataktycznej i Heidenhaina.

OBJECTIVES: Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) is a rare fatal neurodegenerative brain disorder of variable clinical manifestation. Making the right diagnosis still remains challenging. First symptoms are vague and differ between clinical subtypes of the disease. This is to present the symptoms variability and diagnostic difficulties in sCJD based on case reports of two female patients examined at time of the disease duration by psychiatrists. METHODS: Data of our patients were collected from hospital medical records. RESULTS: The case of patient A. P.' ataxic sCJD is an example of clinical picture suggesting neurological background of the disease almost from the symptoms' onset and being referred by psychiatrist to the neurological ward, where the right diagnosis of probable sCJD was established. In the opposite is the case of patient I. W.' Heidenhain variant of sCJD, misdiagnosed with dissociative disorder delivering huge diagnostic difficulties, even to neurologists. In both patients the certain diagnosis was confirmed at autopsy. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with visual disturbances of unknown etiology, even if the ophthalmological and neurological background is excluded, sCJD should be taken into consideration in the differential diagnosis.

[The effect of selected physical procedures on mobility in women with rheumatoid arthritis]. / Wplyw wybranych zabieg6w fizykalnych na sprawnoscc ruchowa kobiet z reumatoidalnym zapaleniem stawów.

UNLABELLED: Electrotherapy, including iontophoresis and magnetic field, is one of the most commonly used physical procedures in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RS). THE AIM OF THE PAPER: To evaluate the effect of iontophoresis and magnetic field procedures on the intensity and frequency of pain sensation, administration of analgesics, limitation of knee joint mobility and comparative evaluation of analgesic effect s of the applied procedures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included a group of 60 female patients affected by RS with knee joint pain. Patients were randomly assigned to 3 equally-numbered groups. Group I was subjected to 20 iontophoresis procedures. Group II underwent 20 procedures with magnetic field. Group III was treated with 20 procedures combining both iontophoresis and magnetic field. Each iontophoresis procedure lasted 20 minutes, whereas the magnetic field procedure took 30 minutes. All study participants were evaluated in relation to pain sensation after and before the treatment with VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) and Latinen scale. RESULTS: After a 4-week therapy in all the three groups there was a statistically significant decrease in pain perception with VAS scale and with all domains of Laitinen scale excluding the limitation of physical activity criterion. The comparative evaluation of statistically important differences after the therapy between the groups revealed marked decrease of pain perception in groups I and II comparing to group II. There were no significant differences between groups I and III. CONCLUSIONS: Iontophoresis and magnetic field treatments demonstrate effective analgesic property in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The conducted studies showed the highest analgesic effects for both treatments used.

[Assessment of the relationship of depressive disorders in men with lumbosacral pain syndrome]. / Ocena zaleinosci wystepowania zaburzen depresyjnych u mezczyzn z zespolem bólowym okolicy ledzwiowo-krzyzowej.

UNLABELLED: Coincidence of pain in various somatic diseases of depression was confirmed in many epidemiological studies. Lumbosacral pain can be classified as one of the most aggravating National Health budget. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY: To assess the relationship between the presence of pain, depression, and emotional functioning of male patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 56 men with lumbosecral pain syndrome took part in this study. Some of them were diagnosed as depressive disorders patients. In this study we used scales to measure the degree of pain and depression and Emotional Control Questionnaire to determine subjects emotional functioning. RESULTS: This paper presents the relationship between the occurrence of lumbosacral pain syndrome and depressive disorders. The results confirm the existence of a relationship between the severity of pain and depression and emotional disorders. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows that there is a correlation between the intensity of lumbosacral pain in male patients and the incidence of depressive and emotional disorders. Men with back pain syndrome and depressive disorders during pain increase period have less emotional excitability and rationally motivated behavior. Men with back pain syndrome without depressive disorders during pain increase period have a greater control of emotional expression, and less control of the situation emotiogenic situation.

Working memory impairment as a common component in recurrent depressive disorder and certain somatic diseases.

OBJECTIVES: Deterioration of the working memory is regarded as one of the most important deficits in a number of somatic diseases. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of working memory in 4 groups of patients: 1) diagnosed with recurrent depressive disorder (rDD), 2) with diabetes type 1 (DM1), 3) with diabetes type 2 (DM2), 4) with arterial hypertension (HA) and in healthy controls (HC). METHODS: The study comprised 300 subjects: rDD (n=99), DM1 (n=31), DM2 (n=31), HA (n=30) and HC (n=109).Cognitive function assessment was based on Trail Making Test (TMT) and the Stroop test. RESULTS: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated statistically significant differences of the mean values among particular groups for each of the analysed results of the Stroop Test and TMT (p<0.0001). Patients with DM1 performed better in both TMT and Stroop tests, when compared to those diagnosed with HA. Patients with HA obtained better results than patients with DM2. Patients with rDD performed significantly worse than those with DM1 in both parts of TMT (A/time: p=0.022, B/time: p<0.001) and in the Stroop test (RCNb/time: p<0.001; NCWd/time: p=0.001; NCWd/errors: p=0.443). They also obtained worse results than patients with DM2 and HA, however, the differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: 1) Our study has confirmed previous results showing association between depressive disorder and cognitive impairment. 2) Patients with rDD had worse performance on working memory tasks than the patients with DM type 1, DM type 2 and HA. 3) Further investigation is needed to clarify the role of inflammatory and oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS) processes in neurocognitive dysfunctions occurring in recurrent depression and somatic disease.

[Subjective evaluation of symptoms and effects of treatment and the intensity of the stress and anxiety levels among patients with selected diseases of the skin and gastrointestinal tract]. / Subiektywna ocena objawów i efektów leczenia a natezenie stresu i poziomu leku wsród pacjentów z wybranymi chorobami skóry i ukladu pokarmowego.

AIM: Aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between subjective evaluation of disease (the intensity of symptoms, complaints and nuisance effects of treatment) in selected skin diseases and digestive system and investigated psychological factors: the level of stress and severity of state anxiety and trait anxiety. METHOD: Verification of the research hypothesis was made using the following test methods: medical survey prepared by the authors and standardized psychological tests, such as Medical Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) by S. Cohen, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) by C.D. Spielberger. The study was conducted among 120 patients, including patients with psoriasis, rosacea, gastroesophageal reflux disease and irritable bowel syndrome. RESULTS: Patients received average results in the level of stress and anxiety. The highest degree of severity of the disease and its nuisance reported patients with gastrointestinal disease. All invited to the study patients evaluated effects of treatment of their disease as relatively low. In patients with psoriasissignificant relationships conserned the largest number of tested variables, as compared to other groups. CONCLUSIONS: In all groups of patients partial correlation between the examined determinants of psychological and subjective assessment of symptoms and effects of its treatment was shown. The higher rating of the variables was most associated with a higher intensity of stress and anxiety.

[Psychopathological and psychosocial aspects of military crimes]. / Psychopatologiczne i psychospoleczne aspekty przestepstw typowo wojskowych.

UNLABELLED: Crimes in the military, as well as criminal behaviors in the civilian community are determined by multiple factors. However, in case of military crimes committed by soldiers on active duty, an important part of forensic psychiatric opinion, is to assess whether occurring mental disorder resulted in inability to perform military duties. THE AIM OF THE STUDY: was to investigate the psychopathological and psychosocial determinants of criminal behavior in soldiers who committed military crime. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 122 soldiers who committed military crime. Material for this study consisted of forensic psychiatric opinions formed on the order of military prosecutor and the military judicial authorities. RESULTS: The results indicate that military crimes are determined by multiple factors. In most cases, the criminal behavior was associated with personality disorder (70%), alcohol problems (43%) and psychoactive substance use (30%). Psychosocial factors analysis revealed more frequent behavioral problems during childhood and adolescence (51%), history of parental alcohol problem (31%) and previous criminal record (29%). CONCLUSION: Forensic psychiatric examinations revealed that military crimes are more frequent in soldiers on compulsory military service, and in those with personality disorder or/and alcohol problems.

[The prevalence of suicide attempts among children and adolescents]. / Rozpowszechnienie prób samobójczych wsród dzieci i mlodziezy.

UNLABELLED: Suicide is the act of a fatal outcome. People who think about suicide perceive death as a way to avoid problems. Suicide attempts by children and young people likely to arise from the fact that the identified single or co-occurring mental disorders. THE AIM OF STUDY: was to illustrate the suicide problem, which is increasingly frequent attempts to take their own life for children and youth. Its main objective is to determine the prevalence and determinants of suicide attempts made by young people. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group consisted of patients Babinski Hospital in Lodz. The study included 18 patients, 9 boys and 9 girls. Research methodology is based on the stories of young patients diseases. In order to verify the prevalence of trial and / or thoughts, suicidal tendencies among children and adolescents, was used as a research,tool - a survey of its own design. The survey consists of 21 questions about basic information on the state of social, physical and mental patients. RESULTS: Subjective verification made disseminate ideas, trends and / or suicide attempts among children and adolescents in most reflects the actual collection of information gathered by various authors. CONCLUSIONS: Children coming from families reconstructed and largely incomplete exhibit suicidal behavior. The main risk factors indicating the attempt on his own life are mental disorders: depression and behavioral disorders. Family situation of young people: conflicts between the father and the mother, violence, physical / mental, has a significant effect on the risk of an attempt on his own life. Superficial self-mutilation, is the main way to make a suicide bombing.

[Are there any differences in the working memory of men and women?]. / Czy istnieja róznice w efektywnosci pamieci operacyjnej kobiet i mezczyzn?

UNLABELLED: The aim of the study was to compare the implementation of the Stroop test among women and men and to answer the question of the existence of differences in verbal working memory performance and efficiency of attention between representatives of both sexes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A sample of 348 persons aged 20-68 years (mean age: M = 42.16 years) participated in the study: 187 women (53.73%) and 161 men (42.26%). Patients who took part in the investigation were divided into several groups: depressive disorders (DD, n = 146), diabetes type 1 (DM1, n = 31), diabetes type 2 (DM2, n = 31), patients with hypertension (HA, n = 30) and healthy controls (HC, n=110). Cognitive functions were evaluated by the Stroop test. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between men and women in making the first (p = 0.831) and the second part of the Stroop test (p = 0.055). However, it should be noted that the difference between men and 'omen in the speed of the second part of the test is close to significance. Women performed the test faster than men, while men have committed in other parts of the test less errors (p = 0.441). CONCLUSIONS: In the present study there was no statistically significant differences between men and women in the implementation of both parts of the Stroop test. Women performed both part of the Stroop test faster than men do but the latter make fewer mistakes.

[Evaluate the influence of psychosocial factors on sexuality soldiers participating in the Polish Military Contingent in Afghanistan]. / Próba oceny wplywu wybranych czynników psychospolecznych na seksualnosc zolnierzy uczestniczacych w Polskim Kontyngencie Wojskowym w Afganistanie.

UNLABELLED: Sexual health problems of stabilization missions soldiers, contrary to other specific populations, have not been fully studied. However, effects of being in a war zone have been thoroughly investigated. Modern warfare soldier experiences stress related not only to life and health threat but also to separation from loved ones. Anxiety and depression as adaptive disorders, rarer posttraumatic disorder were diagnosed in participants of stabilization missions. These disorders as well as not diagnosed dysfunctions may have impact on sexual health. THE AIM OF STUDY: To assess the selected psychosocial factors on sexuality of veterans of Polish Military Contingent (PMC) in Afghanistan. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was carried out on 68 soldiers, participants of stabilization mission in Afghanistan. The following diagnostic tools were used: sexual history related to military service specificity was taken, IIEF questionnaire, Mell-Krat Scale for Men, scale of sexual pathology in men, questionnaire: 'Self-esteem on relationship with a partner'. RESULTS: According to the investigated individuals, taking part in a military mission did not increase present or trigger new problems in sex life. The examined soldiers were satisfied with their sexual activity, assessed themselves as good lovers and claimed to be perceived so by their partners. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study show that taking part in Polish Military Contingent seems to have had no negative effect on veterans sex life. Majority of the investigated veterans assessed well the relationship with a wife/partner as well as satisfaction from sexual activity and were aware of being well assessed by a wife/partner with reference to sexual activity.

[Influence of antidepressant pharmacotherapy on the course of cancer]. / Wplyw farmakoterapii przeciwdepresyjnej na przebieg choroby nowotworowej.

The coexistence of two or more diseases in one patient, especially in old age, is a common situation. The problem of drug effects, specifically speaking, their interaction and impact on the second condition still remains not fully explored and thus is very interesting. At the same time, it is commonly known that depression and cancer are some of the most frequently met disorders and following the WHO forecasts, their prevalence will constantly increase. In addition, it is worth noting that both the psychological and physical health of the patient suffering from cancer, are essential for proper co-operation, especially when it comes to adoption of recommended drugs. The case is aggravated by the fact that no standards of conduct in case of coexistence of the two diseases have been established and the results of research are very often contradictory. Therefore the issue discussed in this study seems to be very important and still valid. In this monograph the problem of the influence of antidepressant pharmacotherapy on the course of disease will be presented.

[Assessment of psychosocial attitudes among homosexual men]. / Ocena postaw psychospolecznych mezczyzn o orientacji homoseksualnej.

UNLABELLED: Homosexuality, though more than 20 years no longer exists in the classification of diseases as a deviation, it is still by many people seen as such behavior. The aim of the study was to assess the situation and psychosocial attitudes in the group of homosexual men. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved a group of 187 men aged 20-54 years. The study population was characterized by hiding homosexual orientation, lack of a permanent partner for more than half of them and the tendency to avoid safe sex and taking a passive role in intimate contact. In the study a questionnaire prepared by the authors was used. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Most respondents hid his homosexuality from others, and over half of them do not have a permanent partner. Representatives of the study group, in most cases do not prefer safe sex and in intimate contact acted as passive.

[A catamnestic study of psychiatric consultations of patients with somatic diseases]. / Badanie katamnestyczne konsultacji psychiatrycznych chorych somatycznie.

UNLABELLED: The aim of the study was to analyse diagnoses made during psychiatric consultations in somatic wards of the multi-profile hospital, as well as the catamnestic analysis of their causes and determinants. The authors intended to estimate the needs for psychiatric consultations in a multi-profile hospital, to analyse a growth or decrease in demand for psychiatric consultations within two years, the analysis of psychiatric diagnoses made in the course of consultations qualifying a patient for transfer to the psychiatric clinic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Personal experience from work as a consultant psychiatrist as well as data from the literature were used in the study. The collected research material in the form of psychiatric consultations concerned the case histories of the Archive of the 10 Military Clinical Hospital with Polyclinic in Bydgoszcz from 2006-2007. A total of 735 consultations in 630 patients were carried out. RESULTS: The results of the study indicated that in a multi-profile hospital there is a great demand for psychiatric consultations. The most frequent cause of reporting the need for consultation by doctors in somatic wards were depressive disorders. The results obtained also showed that the fact of alcohol intoxication at admission is an important factor which can potentially have an effect on the need for a psychiatric consultation as well as a later decision to transfer the patient to other hospital departments. Additional psychological consultations commissioned in patients moved to psychiatric clinic were carried out in an amount higher than average, and the largest number of them were carried out among those refusing the transfer. CONCLUSIONS: The most often diagnoses made during consultations were: dysphoria and affective disorders secondary to organic changes, adaptive disorders and delirium.

[The use of RHLB battery for the evaluation of the lingual and social skills among psychiatric patients--case study]. / Zastosowanie baterii RHLB do oceny funkcji jezykowych i komunikacyjnych pacjentów psychiatrycznych--opis przypadku.

Prosody plays an important role in the process of verbal communication, complementing and emphasising the linguistic and emotional aspects of language. Disturbances of speech prosody are rarely recognised, although aprosodia occurs frequently in patients with schizophrenia. Prosodic disturbance of speech can significantly impair verbal communication and social functioning of patients with schizophrenia. Right-hemisphere is connected with emotional prosody deficits and left-hemisphere with linguistic prosody. The aim of the study is to describe. The Right Hemisphere Language Battery by Karen L. Bryan in the examination of patients with schizophrenia.

[Characteristic and treatment of sexual dysfunctions in depression (part I)]. / Charakterystyka i leczenie dysfunkcji seksualnych w depresji (cz. I).

Sexual dysfunction in patients diagnosed with depressive disorders affect all phases of sexual response: a decline in libido, erectile dysfunction, ejaculation disorders in men and orgasm and menstruation in women. It is estimated that are present in approximately 70% of patients, affecting 23-50% of men suffering from depression and 33-90% of women. The most common symptoms include disorders of sexual arousal in women (usually in the form of excessive vaginal dryness), erectile dysfunction in men and affects both sexes abnormal orgasm (anorgasmia or delayed). Sexual dysfunction is treated as a potential side effect of antidepressant therapy. These drugs can exacerbate the symptoms of primary sexual dysfunction, and induce it in those patients who were not present before treatment. Symptoms of sexual dysfunction reduces quality of life, self-esteem, mood, and negatively affect the relationship with your partner. Most currently used antidepressants in the world leads to the occurrence of sexual dysfunction. These include monoamine oxidase inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin reuptake inhibitors and norepinephrine, and a new generation of antidepressants. SSRIs are considered to be preparations for the largest iatrogenic effect. Sexual dysfunction resulting from treatment with antidepressant among the most serious reasons for discontinuation by the patients.