RESUMO
Dose delivery of hydrofluoroalkane-beclomethasone and chlorofluorocarbon-beclomethasone was compared during in vitro neonatal simulations: mechanical ventilation with 40% and 100% relative humidity + Neonatal Chamber-Ventilator System/endotracheal tube; manual ventilation + Neonatal Chamber/endotracheal tube; "spontaneous breathing" + Neonatal Chamber/face mask without/with manual assistance. The delivery of hydrofluoroalkane-beclomethasone was significantly greater in each simulation.
Assuntos
Propelentes de Aerossol/administração & dosagem , Beclometasona/administração & dosagem , Clorofluorcarbonetos/administração & dosagem , Glucocorticoides/administração & dosagem , Hidrocarbonetos Fluorados/administração & dosagem , Administração por Inalação , Aerossóis , Química Farmacêutica , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Intubação Intratraqueal , Máscaras , Nebulizadores e Vaporizadores , Respiração ArtificialAssuntos
Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/imunologia , Alvéolos Pulmonares/imunologia , Alvéolos Pulmonares/metabolismo , Animais , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/metabolismo , Quimiocina CCL2/genética , Quimiocina CCL2/imunologia , Quimiocina CCL2/metabolismo , Citotoxicidade Imunológica , Células Epiteliais/imunologia , Células Epiteliais/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Transgênicos , Alvéolos Pulmonares/patologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to quantify and compare cardiorespiratory demands imposed during unassisted ambulation and ambulation with various assistive devices in older adults. SUBJECTS: Ten volunteers (3 male, 7 female) who were not dependent on assistive devices for ambulation, with a mean age 60.3 years (SD = 8.4, range = 50-74), participated. METHODS: Immediately after a 5-minute steady-state session with each of the assistive devices tested (standard walker, wheeled walker, and single-point cane), subjects ambulated for 2 minutes at a self-selected speed with each device and unassisted while selected cardiorespiratory and metabolic variables were monitored. RESULTS: Ambulation with the use of a standard walker was shown to require 212% more oxygen per meter than unassisted ambulation and 104% more oxygen per meter than ambulation with a wheeled walker. Ambulation with a standard walker elicited 200% and 98% higher heart rate per meter as compared with unassisted ambulation and ambulation with a wheeled walker, respectively. No difference was detected for physiologic demands between unassisted ambulation and ambulation with a cane. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: The decision to prescribe a wheeled walker versus a standard walker may be clinically important with patients who have impaired cardiorespiratory systems.
