Risk factors of delivery by caesarean section in cameroon (2003-2004): a regional hospital report.

We conducted this retrospective case-control study to identify possible risk factors of delivery through caesarean section in the Far North Region of Cameroon. Data was collected retrospectively from delivery room registers at the Provincial Hospital, Maroua, Cameroon from 01/01/2003 to 31/12/2004. The overall 125 eligible caesarean deliveries were compared with 244 women who delivered vaginally during the study period. The odds ratio as well as the 95% confidence interval was used to measure the relationship between maternal characteristic and risk of delivery by caesarean section. We found that the marital status is similar in the two study populations. Risk factors associated with cesarean section were: maternal age less than 17 years (OR 3.55, 95%CI: 1.46-8.64), maternal age over 39 years (OR 3.55, 95% CI: 1.17-10.75), nulliparity (OR 2.72, 95% CI: 1.59-4.66), grand multiparty (OR 3.43, 95% CI: 1.79-6.57), and macrosomia (OR 4.82, 95% CI: 1.49-16.44). There was a weak association with absent or poor. Caesarean delivery is associated with extreme ages of reproductive life, macrosomia, nulliparous and grand multiparous status. We strongly recommend that these factors be taken into consideration to strengthen the mother and child health programs in Cameroon and countries with similar socioeconomic profiles.

Effectiveness of vaginal hysterectomy for benign conditions in semi-urban hospital: report from Maroua-Cameroon.

We assessed the effectiveness of vaginal hysterectomy for benign uterine conditions in Northern Cameroon. This is a case series study of 29 elective vaginal hysterectomies carried out between February 2005 and June 2007 in Maroua, Cameroon. Hysterocele was found as the only or associated indication in 17 (58.6%) patients, symptomatic uterine fibroids in 4 (13.8%) and other indications in 8 (27.6%) patients. The mean duration of the operation was 132 minutes and the mean blood loss at surgery was 150 ml. Twenty-five of the 28 (89.3%) women had less than seven days of hospitalisation. There was a negative correlation (r = -0.45, P = 0.015) between duration of the surgery and the order of operation. One urinary tract and one wound infection were observed. Two patients had conversion to laparotomy. This study has shown that vaginal hysterectomy is a safe and feasible method of hysterectomy in a semi-urban hospital.

Adolescent pregnancies and deliveries: problems encountered.

Teenage pregnancies are increasing and need special attention. The aim of this retrospective study, conducted from 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2004 at the maternity department of the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital, Cameroon, was to analyze the evolution of pregnancy and delivery in primiparous teenagers. The medical files of 190 teenagers and 403 patients aged between 20 and 25 years were analyzed and compared. Mean gestational age, the rate of pregnancy-induced hypertensive disease and the caesarean section rate were similar in both groups. However, there were a greater number of low Apgar scores, vaginal tears and instrumental deliveries in teenagers. Those aged 15 years or less had the additional risk of an increased rate of preterm labour, low birth weight and early neonatal death. Therefore, pregnancies and deliveries among teenagers, especially those aged 15 years or less, should be monitored regularly.

Maternal mortality in Maroua Provincial Hospital, Cameroon (2003-2005)

Background: In September 2000, the Heads of States of the 191 countries of the United Nations approved the Millennium Declaration in which reduction of pregnancy-related deaths to a quarter by 2015 was one of its goals. However, before the middle of the first decade of this millennium, there were no reports on the status of maternal mortality in Maroua, Cameroon.Objective: The aim of this study was to establish baseline data on maternal mortality for future evaluation of pregnancy-related mortality trends in this city. Subjects and Methods: Maternal deaths that occurred from 2003 to 2005 in Maroua City, Cameroon,were analyzed. Mortality ratios were determined by comparing the number of the deaths related to pregnancy with that of women with safe deliveries. Mortality risks were determined by comparing the characteristics of women with pregnancy-related deaths to those of women with safe deliveries. Results: The overall maternal mortality ratio was 1266 maternal deaths per 100 000 live births. The leading causes of death were hypertension (17.5%), obstetric infections (14.3%), uterine rupture(14.3%), anaemia (12.7%) and HIV complications (9.5%). Among the women who died, 28.6% were teenagers and 14.3% were at their sixth delivery (or above). Compared with women aged 20 to 24 years, those aged 25 to 29 years were more than twice as likely to die from pregnancy-related causes (HR: 2.34; CI: 1.07,5.08; p = 0.029). A similar trend was also found in those aged 30 to 34 years (HR: 2.26; CI: 1.02,5.00; p = 0.042). Conclusion: The findings suggest that Maternal Mortality Ratio in Maroua, City, Cameroon, is veryhigh. Since most of the causes of death were preventable, we propose that the current maternal and Family Planning strategies be reviewed with the view to reducing the current trend. Such a strategy would enable the Maroua city to meet the Millennium goals by 2015.

Antecedentes: En septiembre del 2000, los Jefes de Estado de 191 países de la Naciones Unidas, aprobaron la Declaración del Milenio, una de cuyas metas es la reducción hasta una cuarta parte, de las muertes relacionadas con el embarazo, para el año 2015. Sin embargo, antes de mediados de la primera década de este milenio, no habia reportes sobre el estado de la mortalidad materna en Maroua, Camerún. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer los datos preliminares comparativos de referenciasobre la mortalidad materna para la evaluación futura de las tendencias de la mortalidad en relación con el embarazo en esta ciudad. Sujetos y Métodos: Se analizaron las muertes maternas ocurridas del 2003 al 2005 en la ciudad de Maroua, Camerún. Las tasas de mortalidad fueron determinadas comparando el número de muertesrelacionadas con el embarazo, con el número de mujeres que tuvieron partos seguros. Los riesgos de mortalidad fueron determinados comparando las características de mujeres que murieron por causas asociadas al embarazo, con mujeres que tuvieron partos seguros. Resultados: La tasa general de mortalidad materna fue de 1266 muertes maternas por cada 100 000nacidos vivos. Las causas principales de muerte fueron: hipertensión (17.5%), infecciones obstétricas (14.3%), ruptura uterina (14.3%), anemia (12.7%) y complicaciones por VIH (9.5%). De las mujeres que murieron, 28.6% eran adolescentes y 14.3% estaban en su sexto parto (o por encima). En comparación con las mujeres de 20 a 24 años de edad, las de 25 a 29 años presentaban una probabilidad dos veces mayor de morir por causas relacionadas con el embarazo (HR: 2.34; CI: 1.07, 5.08; p =0.029). Una tendencia similar se halló también en las mujeres de 30 a 34 años de edad (HR: 2.26; CI: 1.02, 5.00; p = 0.042). Conclusión: Los hallazgos sugieren que la tasa de mortalidad maternal en la ciudad de Maroua,Camerún, es muy alta...

Maternal mortality in Maroua Provincial Hospital, Cameroon (2003-2005).

BACKGROUND: In September 2000, the Heads of States of the 191 countries of the United Nations approved the Millennium Declaration in which reduction of pregnancy-related deaths to a quarter by 2015 was one of its goals. However, before the middle of the first decade of this millennium, there were no reports on the status of maternal mortality in Maroua, Cameroon. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to establish baseline data on maternal mortality for future evaluation of pregnancy-related mortality trends in this city. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Maternal deaths that occurred from 2003 to 2005 in Maroua City, Cameroon, were analyzed. Mortality ratios were determined by comparing the number of the deaths related to pregnancy with that of women with safe deliveries. Mortality risks were determined by comparing the characteristics of women with pregnancy-related deaths to those of women with safe deliveries. RESULTS: The overall maternal mortality ratio was 1266 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. The leading causes of death were hypertension (17.5%), obstetric infections (14.3%), uterine rupture (14.3%), anaemia (12.7%) and HIV complications (9.5%). Among the women who died, 28.6% were teenagers and 14.3% were at their sixth delivery (or above). Compared with women aged 20 to 24 years, those aged 25 to 29 years were more than twice as likely to die from pregnancy-related causes (HR: 2.34; CI: 1.07,5.08; p = 0.029). A similar trend was also found in those aged 30 to 34 years (HR: 2.26; CI: 1.02,5.00; p = 0.042). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that Maternal Mortality Ratio in Maroua, City Cameroon, is very high. Since most of the causes of death were preventable, we propose that the current maternal and Family Planning strategies be reviewed with the view to reducing the current trend. Such a strategy would enable the Maroua city to meet the Millennium goals by 2015.