RESUMO
In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the first step in lactate metabolism is its transport across the plasma membrane, a proton symport process mediated by the product of the gene JEN1. Under aerobic conditions, the expression of JEN1 is regulated by the carbon source: the gene is repressed by glucose and induced by non-fermentable substrates. JEN1 expression is also controlled by oxygen availability, but is unaffected by the absence of haem biosynthesis. JEN1 is negatively regulated by the repressors Mig1p and Mig2p, and requires Cat8p for full derepression. In this report we demonstrate that, in addition to these regulators, the Hap2/3/4/5 complex interacts specifically with a CAAT-box element in the JEN1 promoter, and acts to derepress JEN1 expression. We also provide evidence for transcriptional stimulation of JEN1 by the protein kinase Snf1p. Data are presented which provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms implicated in the co-regulation of genes involved in the metabolism of lactate.
Assuntos
Genes Fúngicos , Ácido Láctico/metabolismo , Transportadores de Ácidos Monocarboxílicos/genética , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Simportadores/genética , Aerobiose , Sequência de Bases , Fator de Ligação a CCAAT/genética , Fator de Ligação a CCAAT/metabolismo , Carbono/metabolismo , DNA Fúngico/genética , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo , Regulação Fúngica da Expressão Gênica , Heme/genética , Heme/metabolismo , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/biossíntese , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/genética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Transativadores/genética , Transativadores/metabolismoRESUMO
Complications of ridge reconstruction can delay healing or even cause total failure of the procedure, making implant placement impossible. Most intraoperative complications, such as insufficient material for a graft or inadequate range of a soft tissue flap, are the result of poor treatment planning or execution. Postoperative infection is usually associated with onlay, veneer, and J grafts and dehiscence. Resorption of the graft can range from minor (exposure of the heads of the fixation screws) to total. Retraction of a soft tissue flap is most likely where the vestibule is shallow or the muscle pull is great. It is important to discuss the risks and consequences of all potential complications with the patient before informed consent is obtained. This measure will help prevent another complication, patient dissatisfaction with the results of surgery.
Assuntos
Aumento do Rebordo Alveolar/efeitos adversos , Transplante Ósseo/efeitos adversos , Arcada Parcialmente Edêntula/cirurgia , Arcada Edêntula/cirurgia , Atrofia , Reabsorção Óssea/etiologia , Parafusos Ósseos , Relações Dentista-Paciente , Humanos , Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido , Complicações Intraoperatórias , Osteotomia/efeitos adversos , Planejamento de Assistência ao Paciente , Satisfação do Paciente , Medição de Risco , Retalhos Cirúrgicos , Deiscência da Ferida Operatória/etiologia , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/etiologia , Vestibuloplastia/efeitos adversos , CicatrizaçãoRESUMO
The 30-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS) were administered to 120 consecutive attenders at a general practice in Northern Italy run by a doctor who had a formal psychiatric training. The Italian versions of both the GHQ and the CIS were found to be feasible instruments for general practice studies in Italy. GHQ misclassification rates, sensitivity and specificity values are presented for different cut-off scores, a total score of 5 or more being the best discriminator between 'cases' and 'non-cases'. The prevalence of confirmed cases in this sample was 47.5%, a rate higher than those reported so far in developed and developing countries.
