Metal extraction from a deep eutectic solvent, an insight into activities.

The solvent extraction of gold, palladium, technetium, indium and rhenium from both mixtures of a deep eutectic solvent with aqueous salt solutions and of two different aqueous salt solutions has been performed. Initially using gold and then the other metals the solvent extraction results were interpreted using an activity coefficient/function equation (specific ion interaction theory). The most important presented result is the addition of a new term to the specific ion interaction theory equation. Using the new model it will be possible to make predictions of the behaviour of a solvent extraction system where one of the liquid phases is a mixture of aqueous salts and the deep eutectic solvent.

Relative hemilabilities of H2B(az)2 (az = pyrazolyl, dimethylpyrazolyl, methimazolyl) chelates in the complexes [M(η-C3H5)(CO)2{H2B(az)2}] (M = Mo, W).

The reactions of [M(η3-C3H5)Br(CO)2(NCMe)2] (M = Mo, W) or [Mo(η3-C3H5)Br(CO)2(PMe2Ph)2] with Na[H2B(mt)2] (mt = methimazolyl) affords the complexes [M(η3-C3H5)(CO)2{κ3-H,S,S'-H2B(mt)2}], the 3-centre, 2-electron B-H-M interaction of which was found to be inert with respect to opening under mild conditions, while more forcing conditions (heating with PMe2Ph) resulted in cleavage of the entire allyl and borate ligands to form [Mo(CO)3(PMe2Ph)3]. In contrast, the reaction of [Mo(η3-C3H5)Br(CO)2(NCMe)2] with Na[H2B(pz)2] affords either [Mo(η3-C3H5)(CO)2{κ3-H,N,N'-H2B(pz)2}] or (more likely) [Mo(η3-C3H5)(CO)2(NCMe){κ2-N,N'-H2B(pz)2}] which in turn reacts with phosphines to provide [[Mo(η3-C3H5)(CO)2(PPhR2){κ2-N,N'-H2B(pz)2}] (R = Me, Ph). The reactions discussed indicate the propensity for 3-centre, 2-electron B-H-Mo interactions increases in the order H2B(pz)2 < H2B(pz*)2 < H2B(mt)2 (pz* = 3,5-dimethypyrazolyl).

Synthesis and ligand substitution reactions of κ4-B,S,S',S''-ruthenaboratranes.

A range of ruthenaboratranes of the form [Ru(CO)L{κ4-B,S,S',S''-B(mt)3}] (mt = N-methylmercaptoimidazolyl) have been prepared either by substitution of the PPh3 ligand in [Ru(CO)(PPh3){κ4-B,S,S',S''-B(mt)3}] by L (L = PMe2Ph, PMe3, P(OMe)3, P(OEt)3, P(OPh)3) or reactions of [RuCl(R)(CO)Ln] (R = Ph, CH[double bond, length as m-dash]CHPh; n = 2, L = PCy3; n = 3, L = P(OMe)3, PMe2Ph) with Na[HB(mt)3].

Dihydrobis(methimazolyl)borato complexes of ruthenium and osmium.

The reaction of Na[H2B(mt)2] (mt = 2-mercapto, 3-methylimidazol-1-yl, methimazolyl) with [Ru(X)Cl(CO)(PPh3)n] (n = 3 X = H; n = 2 BO2C6H4, SiCl3, SiMe3) affords the complexes [Ru(X)(CO)(PPh3){κ2-H,S,S'-H2B(mt)2}]. Evidence is presented to also support the transient formation of [Ru(X)(CO)(PPh3){κ2-H,S,S'-H2B(mt)2}] (X = CH[double bond, length as m-dash]CHPh, Ph) via a similar strategy, although these are unstable. The osmium complex [OsH(CO)(PPh3){κ2-H,S,S'-H2B(mt)2}] is similarly obtained from [OsHCl(CO)(PPh3)3] or [OsH(NCMe)2(CO)(PPh3)2]BF4. The reaction of [RuH(CO)(PPh3){κ2-H,S,S'-H2B(mt)2}] with chloroform or diphenyldiselenide provides [Ru(X)(CO)(PPh3){κ2-H,S,S'-H2B(mt)2}] (X = Cl, SePh), the latter reaction also providing traces of [Ru(SeH)(CO)(PPh3){κ2-H,S,S'-H2B(mt)2}]. Spectroscopic and structural data for the series [Ru(X)(CO)(PPh3){κ2-H,S,S'-H2B(mt)2}] are discussed in terms of perturbations on the B-H-Ru interaction by the trans-ligand X.

Crystal structure of a layered coordination polymer based on a 4(4) net containing Cd(2+) ions and 1,5-bis-(pyridin-4-yl)pentane linkers.

The title compound, poly[[di-aqua-bis-[1,5-bis-(pyridin-4-yl)pentane-κ(2) N:N']cadmium] bis-(perchlorate) 1,5-bis-(pyridin-4-yl)pentane ethanol mono-solvate], [Cd(C15H18N2)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2·C15H18N2·C2H6O, is a layered coordination polymer built up from highly squashed 4(4) nets in which the octa-hedral trans-CdO2N4 nodes (Cd site symmetry -1) are linked by the bifunctional ligands, forming infinite (110) sheets. The cationic sheets are charge-balanced by inter-layer perchlorate ions. A free 1,5-bis-(pyridin-4-yl)pentane mol-ecule and an ethanol mol-ecule of crystallization are also found in the inter-sheet region. A number of O-H⋯O, O-H⋯N and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds help to consolidate the layered structure.

Antimony leaching in plastics from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) with various acids and gamma irradiation.

There has been a recent interest in antimony since the availability in readily mined areas is decreasing compared to the amounts used. It is important in many applications such as flame retardants and in the production of polyester, which can trigger an investigation of the leachability of antimony from plastics using different acids. In this paper, different types of acids are tested for their ability to leach antimony from a discarded computer housing, made of poly(acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), which is a common plastic type used in electrical and electronic equipment. The acid solutions included sodium hydrogen tartrate (0.5M) dissolved in either dimethyl sulfoxide or water (at ca. 23°C and heated to ca. 105°C). The metal content after leaching was determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The most efficient leaching medium was the heated solution of sodium hydrogen tartrate in dimethyl sulfoxide, which leached almost half of the antimony from the poly(acrylonitrile butadiene styrene). Gamma irradiation, which is proposed to improve the mechanical properties in plastics, was used here to investigate the influence of antimony leaching ability. No significant change in the amount of leached antimony could be observed.

The first rhodaboratrane: [RhCl(PPh3){B(mt)3}](Rh-->B)(mt = methimazolyl).

The reaction of [Rh(C6H5)Cl2(PPh3)2] with Na[HB(mt)3](mt = methimazolyl) provides [RhCl(PPh3){B(mt)3}](Rh-->B) the first authentic example of a compound with a rhodium-boron dative bond.

Polymeric diaqua(mu(2)-2,2'-bipyrimidinyl-kappa4N1,N1':N3,N3')-di-mu(3)-hydroxy-bis(mu(5)-benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylato-kappa5O1:O2:O3:O3:O5)tetracobalt(II) dihydrate.

The structure of the title compound, [Co(4)(C(9)H(3)O(6))(2)(OH)(2)(C(8)H(6)N(4))(H(2)O)(2)].2H(2)O, contains three separate species, namely the mu(5)-bridging C(9)H(3)O(6)(3-) anion, the doubly chelating and therefore mu(2)-bridging C(8)H(6)N(4) ligand (bipyrimidine, BPM), and the dihydrated diaquadihydroxy tetranuclear cationic cluster, [Co(4)(OH(-))(2)(H(2)O)(2)](6+).2H(2)O, which lies on a crystallographic centre of symmetry, as does the BPM ligand with, in this case, the centre of symmetry coincident with the midpoint of the C-C bond joining the six-membered rings. Within the cation cluster, the Co atoms of one pair are five-coordinate and those of the other six-coordinate.