Effects of Essential Oils on Scars and Wound Healing: A Systematic Review.

Essential oils (EOs) have been considered as a potential alternative therapy for wound healing and scar reduction. The aim of this article was to provide a comprehensive review examining the effects of EOs on wound healing and scars. PubMed, Cochrane, Ovid, and Embase computerized searches were performed through June 2020. Two independent reviewers conducted data extraction, with search results reviewed by the senior author following the PRISMA protocol. Three manuscripts examining three different EO-containing topical agents were analyzed. Outcomes include healing rate, erythema, pain, pruritus, patient discomfort, physician satisfaction, percent wound reduction, wound/scar surface perimeter area, and qualitative dermatological evaluation. All articles concluded that the EO-containing topical agents resulted in either superior or noninferior outcomes in comparison with controls. Hypericum-Calendula oil obtained lower wound surface perimeter area. Erythema (p = 0.001) was significantly decreased by the peppermint EO-containing topical agent. Physicians also reported greater satisfaction (p < 0.001) in wound appearance with use of the peppermint EO-containing topical agent. A paucity of studies have examined EO use for wound healing and scar reduction. Treatment with EO-containing topical agents resulted in decreased erythema with increased physician satisfaction of wound appearance. Future studies should assess what level of purity is needed for improved results and which EO, or combination of EOs, is most beneficial.

Location Propensity for Keloids in the Head and Neck.

Importance: The difficulty associated with concealing keloids located in the face and neck regions often results in disfigurement and psychological stress for patients. Objective: The purpose of this review is to determine if specific regions on the head and neck have a greater propensity to develop keloids to alert the facial plastic surgeon of regional keloid risk. Evidence Review: PubMed, Ovid, Cochrane, and Embase computerized searches were performed through January 2020. Two independent reviewers conducted data extraction following a predetermined protocol identifying 1445 keloid studies. Findings: The prevalence of keloids in different regions of the head and neck was evaluated among 1598 head and neck keloids in the final analysis. Three of nine studies evaluated keloids specific to the ear and described a combined 1194 ear keloids locations (53.0% lobule, 22.9% cartilaginous region, 0.3% both, and 23.7% unspecified). One study reported exclusively on 82 neck keloids 72% of which were located in the submental or submandibular region. The remaining five studies evaluated 322 head and neck keloids more generally and showed 70.2% ear, 9.6% unspecified, 6.5% peri-/postauricular, 5.6% beard area, 2.2% scalp/forehead, 2.2% chin, 1.6% lateral face, 1.6% neck, and 0.3% central face keloids. Conclusions and Relevance: The ear, periauricular regions, bearded facial regions, and submandibular and submental sites show the highest propensity for keloid development in the head and neck region. The lowest keloid risk occurred in the central face region. Risk factors in relation to facial and neck regions associated with the formation of keloids should be taken into consideration before performing elective procedures in keloid susceptible individuals.