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1.
West Afr J Med ; 41(3): 348-353, 2024 Mar 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38788254

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is a public health problem worldwide, particularly in resource-limited countries. It is considered a social disease with a medical component that persists over time due to several social determinants, most of which are closely linked to poverty and difficult socioeconomic conditions. The objective of this exploratory study is to describe the social protection interventions available for people with TB in Africa. METHODS: Searches will be carried out systematically in MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase (Ovid), Web of Science, Scopus and The Cochrane Library, Africa-Wide Information (EBSCOhost), Google Scholar. Articles will be considered if they describe the social protection, successes and challenges associated with the implementation and delivery of social protection interventions offered to people with TB in African countries. Data from the grey literature will also be considered. PRESENTATION OF RESULTS: We will present a narrative description highlighting the successes and challenges of the social protection interventions identified, and a synthesis accompanied by maps (Africa), figures or tables to summarize the data. CONCLUSION: This exploratory study will map the existing literature on social protection interventions for TB patients and guide future research to inform policy and practice decisions.


CONTEXTE: La tuberculose (TB) est un problème de santé publique dans le monde entier, en particulier dans les pays à ressources limitées. Elle est considérée comme une maladie sociale avec une composante médicale qui persiste dans le temps en raison de plusieurs déterminants sociaux, dont la plupart sont étroitement liés à la pauvreté et à des conditions socio-économiques difficiles. L'objectif de cette étude exploratoire est de décrire les interventions de protection sociale disponibles pour les personnes atteintes de TB dans les pays d'Afrique. METHODE: Des recherches seront effectuées systématiquement dans MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase (Ovid), Web Of Science, Scopus et The Cochrane Library, Africa-Wide Information (EBSCOhost), Google Scholar. Les articles seront pris en considération s'ils décrivent la protection sociale, les succès et les défis associés à la mise en œuvre et à l'exécution des interventions de protection sociale offertes aux personnes atteintes de TB dans les pays d'Afrique. Les données issues de la littérature grise seront également prises en compte. PRESENTATION DES RESULTATS: Nous présenterons une description narrative soulignant les succès et les défis des interventions de protection sociale identifiées, ainsi qu'une synthèse accompagnée de cartes (Afrique), de figures ou de tableaux pour résumer les données. CONCLUSION: Cette étude exploratoire permettra de cartographier la littérature existante sur les interventions de protection sociale pour les patients atteints de tuberculose et d'orienter les recherches futures afin d'éclairer les décisions politiques et pratiques.


Assuntos
Tuberculose , Humanos , Tuberculose/prevenção & controle , África , Determinantes Sociais da Saúde , Projetos de Pesquisa
2.
Heliyon ; 6(2): e03482, 2020 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32140597

RESUMO

In the framework of a project on simple circuits with unexpected high degrees of freedom, we report an autonomous microwave oscillator made of a CLC linear resonator of Colpitts type and a single general purpose operational amplifier (Op-Amp). The resonator is in a parallel coupling with the Op-Amp to build the necessary feedback loop of the oscillator. Unlike the general topology of Op-Amp-based oscillators found in the literature including almost always the presence of a negative resistance to justify the nonlinear oscillatory behavior of such circuits, our zero resistor circuit exhibits chaotic and hyperchaotic signals in GHz frequency domain, as well as many other features of complex dynamic systems, including bistability. This simplest form of Colpitts oscillator is adequate to be used as didactic model for the study of complex systems at undergraduate level. Analog and experimental results are proposed.

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