Cryopreserved cancellous bone allograft in periodontal intraosseous defects.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of cryopreserved cancellous bone allograft (CCBA) in the treatment of intraosseous periodontal defects compared to surgical debridement alone (DEBR). Cancellous bone was procured from femur heads that had been extracted for hip prosthesis procedures and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen (-196 degrees C) in a tissue bank. Ten patients without systemic disorders and advanced periodontal disease (at least 2 intraosseous defects) participated in this investigation. Measurements from the cemento-enamel junction were made after initial therapy for clinical attachment level; also gingival recession, probing pocket depth, plaque index, and gingival index and, at the time of surgery, alveolar crest height and osseous defect depth were measured. All measurements were repeated at 1 year-reentry. Sixteen defects were debrided and grafted (test sites) and 13 defects were debrided only (control sites). Soft tissue measurements showed no statistical differences between the 2 groups. Defect fill was significantly greater with CCBA (1.75 mm) than with DEBR (0.56 mm). Defect depth reduction was 2.06 mm for CCBA and 0.78 mm for DEBR. These values correspond to a percent-defect resolution of 60% for CCBA and 29% for DEBR. Hard tissue measurements showed significant differences between the 2 groups. CCBA seems to be effective in the short-term treatment of intraosseous periodontal defects.

[Impairment of neutrophil functions: study of a family with a case of juvenile periodontitis]. / Alteration de la fonction des neutrophiles: etude d'une famille avec un cas de parodontite juvenile.

Neutrophil function was assessed in family in which only one member suffered from Juvenile Periodontitis (JP). Directed mobility (fMet-Leu-Phe and zymosan-activated plasma) was decreased in all siblings without involving a seric inhibitor. Adhesion was studied by a new method which allows for the evaluation of both adhesive rate and binding strengths. The latter parameters were decreased in the parents neutrophils, but remained increased in a set of twin sisters. The specific receptor induced phagocytosis was altered in all members of the family (FC receptor: IgG-SCR, C3b and mannosylfucosyl receptor: zymosan). The superoxide generation in response to fMet-Leu-Phe was decreased while the PMA response was almost normal. These results suggest an overall abnormality of ligand-receptor interactions (C5a, fMet-Leu-Phe, Fc and C4b receptors), this defect seems to involve some membrane characteristics and underlines the absence of correlation between PMN deficiency and the clinical expression of J.P.

[Gingival thickening with a submerged connective tissue graft]. / Proposition d'épaississement gingival par greffe de tissu conjonctif enfoui.

Gingival thickness is a clinical characteristic which should be given more consideration in evaluating muco-gingival problems. It is proposed that thick gingiva prevents gingival recession and is of particular significance when fixed prosthesis is being employed. The technique outlined includes a connective graft from the lamina propria of the palatal mucosa into the gingival connective tissue. A case report documents the technique.

Repair potential in localized juvenile periodontitis. A case in point.

An aggressive form of localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP) in a 12-year old West African female is reported. The case was treated with scaling, root planing, debridement, and tetracycline therapy, which resulted in complete resolution of the disease, including elimination of periodontal inflammation, regeneration of lost periodontal structures, and spontaneous repositioning of teeth that had pathologically migrated. A hopelessly involved mandibular right first molar was successfully replaced by an incompletely developed maxillary third molar tooth bud whose roots and pulp structure continued to develop after autotransplantation. It is suggested, that LJP can be successfully treated without periodontal surgery and that the potential for repair in LJP cases is apparently greater than what one can anticipate in adult forms of periodontitis.

[Function of polynuclear neutrophils in patients with juvenile periodontitis and rapidly progressing periodontitis]. / Fonction des polynucléaires neutrophiles chez des patients atteints de parodontite juvénile et de parodontite à progression rapide.

It is generally assumed that early onset forms of periodontal disease (including Juvenile and Rapidly Progressive Periodontitis) are associated with a defect in neutrophil behaviour. We have investigated neutrophil functions in patients with Juvenile (J.P.) and Rapidly Progressive Periodontitis (R.P.P.). In the group of J.P. patients the directed mobility (FMLP and zymosan activated plasma) is significantly decreased. The superoxide generation in response to FMLP decreases while the PMA response is normal. In the group of R.P.P. patients no significant abnormality has been reported.

[Histological study of periodontal healing of surgically displaced human teeth]. / Etude histologique de la cicatrisation parodontale de dents humaines déplacées chirurgicalement.

Mandibular incisors had to be extracted on a 52 years old patient. The aim of this investigation was to study, the periodontal healing of teeth surgically displaced after bone resections (alveolar, buccal and apical). 3 years later, the teeth were extracted and treated for microscopic observation. No new attachment was seen on the curetted roots, except where the periodontal ligament had been preserved. The concept of cellular sociology was suggested to explain the sites of radicular resorption. An hypothesis was then put forward: epithelial formations present in the periodontal ligament are not of an embryologic origin (Malassez debris) but are issued from the migration of epithelial cords during new formation of the junctional epithelium.

The influence of gingival stimulation on recovery from human experimental gingivitis.

The present study concerns an investigation carried out to determine the effects of gingival stimulation on the resolution of a human experimental gingivitis. 10 young male dental students participated in the experiment. Following the baseline examination (day 0), the participants were instructed to abstain from all oral hygiene procedures during a 21-day period. Heavy plaque accumulation and gingivitis developed during the 21-day induction period. On the evening of the 21st day, active oral hygiene measures were reinstitued, for an 8-day period, using 2 different methods. For the left side of the maxillary arch, a hygiene procedure including gingival stimulation was prescribed. On the other hand, for the right side, a hygiene method without gingival stimulation was instituted. On both sides of the upper arch, the gingival condition was assessed by means of the gingival index, and soft deposits were assessed by the plaque index (selected teeth: 13, 14, 15, 23, 24, 25). Measurements were performed on days 0, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29. On day 29, ideal oral hygiene conditions and gingival health were re-established on both sides. However, a statistical analysis of the data collected during the recovery period revealed that gingival index scores were temporarily, but significantly, higher on the side where mechanical stimulation was performed, although plaque deposits there decreased more rapidly. Thus the present work supports the idea that gingival stimulation does not in any way improve recovery from experimental gingivitis.