[Regulations on gases for medical use in France]. / Situation réglementaire des gaz à usage médical en France.

In 1989, a European directive extended the definition of proprietary medicinal products, and consequently the necessity to hold a marketing authorization (MA), for all industrially manufactured products, including medicinal gases. In France, the directive 89/341/CEE was transposed in the French law on December 8(th), 1992 and France was the first Member State to implement provisions for the obtention of MAs for gases for medical use. Since then, France has stayed at the forefront in this area. Following the inclusion of gases in the scope of pharmaceutical products, gases require on MA obtained following the same methods as for drugs and be manufactured and distributed in authorized sites. Moreover, the European directive has led the French authorities to classify gases according to their use. Gases for medical use are thus considered either as medicinal products or as medical devices.

[Psychological factors and strabismus]. / Troubles psychologiques et strabisme.

The purpose of this article is to understand the importance of psychological factors in the occurrence of Squint. Two psychologists have given their advise the understanding of interactions between failure in Squint and Children psychology. On 550 children 40 were studied during two years. We noted associated psychosomatics diseases and family factors.