ICD implantation via thoracoscopy, "mailslot" thoracotomy, and subxiphoid incision.

An improved method of thoracoscopic implantable cardioverter defibrillators implantation is described. "Mailslot" thoracotomy is more expeditious than thoracoscopic implantation via multiple ports. If required for adequate defibrillation thresholds, subxiphoid, subdiaphragmatic implantation of a defibrillator patch may be performed.

Reliable salbutamol administration in 6- to 36-month-old children by means of a metered dose inhaler and Aerochamber with mask.

A double-blind study was performed to demonstrate that bronchodilator can be administered reliably to infants and children under 3 years of age from a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) by means of an economical valved aerosol-holding chamber device (Aerochamber) fitted with a mask. Symptoms of cough and breathlessness were compared for two 1-week crossover periods with the child either taking active drug or placebo. The MDI and Aerochamber with mask is an effective delivery system for respiratory therapy in these young children.