RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The elderly patients with fragility show different physiological changes, so they are given polymeric diets to maintain and/or alter their nutritional status. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the effect of changing a standard polymeric diet and a standard diet on nutritional status in elderly patients with fragility. METHODS: Clinical randomized controlled trial in 23 elderly patients, 70 years of age or older, with fragility, hospitalized in a Internal Medicine Unity in a period from July to December 2014. Nutritional status was determined through Minimum Nutritional Consulting (MNA) and body mass index (BMI). Descriptive statistics, Chi square, Student t test and McNemar. RESULTS: In the G1: 12 patients were in the G2 and 11, a positive change was observed in the nutritional status G1 initially being 14.00 (malnutrition) and end 22.75 (risk of malnutrition). According to BMI (kg/m2) was evident at the beginning 25 % of patients (3) with mild malnutrition, but the final results show figures with a zero percentage of malnourished patients. CONCLUSIONS: The use of standard polymeric diet increases body weight, BMI and nutritional status in elderly patients with fragility.
Introducción: los pacientes geriátricos con fragilidad evidencian diferentes cambios fisiológicos, por lo que les son indicadas dietas poliméricas para mantener y/o modificar su estado nutricio. El objetivo de este artículo es demostrar el efecto al cambiar de una dieta estándar y polimérica a una dieta estándar en el estado nutricio en el paciente geriátrico con fragilidad. Métodos: ensayo clínico controlado aleatorizado en 23 pacientes geriátricos, de 70 años de edad o más, con fragilidad, en un periodo comprendido de julio a diciembre de 2014. Se determinó estado nutricional mediante la Mini Nutritional Asssessment y el índice de masa corporal. Análisis estadístico descriptivo, Chi cuadrada, t de Student y McNemar. Resultados: en el G1: fueron 12 pacientes y en el G2 11, se constató un cambio positivo en el G1 en el estado nutricional, siendo inicialmente de 14.00 (malnutrición) y al final de 22.75 (riesgo de desnutrición). De acuerdo al IMC (kg/m2) se evidenció al inicio, al 25 % de pacientes con desnutrición leve, pero los resultados finales arrojan cifras con un porcentaje nulo de pacientes desnutridos. Conclusiones: el consumo de dieta estándar y polimérica incrementa el peso corporal, IMC y el estado nutricio en pacientes geriátricos con fragilidad.
Assuntos
Nutrição Enteral/métodos , Alimentos Formulados , Idoso Fragilizado , Desnutrição/terapia , Polímeros , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Dieta , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Desnutrição/dietoterapia , Estado Nutricional , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Determinar los factores psicosociales y de salud asociados con el riesgo de desnutrición (RD) en los adultos mayores que viven en la comunidad en la Ciudad de México, México. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal. Análisis secundario de los datos de las personas de 60 años o más de la zona metropolitana de la Ciudad de México participantes en el estudio multicéntrico Salud, Bienestar y Envejecimiento (SABE) realizado entre 1999 y 2000. Se utilizó la información de 820 participantes (edad media 69,7 ± 7,6 años; 62,9 por ciento mujeres). Además del RD (variable dependiente), establecido mediante la evaluación mínima del estado nutricional, se analizaron otras variables (sociodemográficas, índice de masa corporal, comorbilidad, síntomas depresivos, salud bucal, función mental, capacidad funcional, entre otras). Se analizaron las asociaciones independientes entre las variables y el RD mediante análisis de regresión simple y multifactorial. Se calcularon la razón de posibilidades (odds ratio, OR) y los intervalos de confianza de 95 por ciento (IC95 por ciento). RESULTADOS: El RD estuvo presente en 261 (31,8 por ciento) participantes. El análisis de regresión logística multifactorial ajustado por posibles variables confusoras mostró que el no recibir una jubilación (OR ajustada = 1,45; IC95 por ciento: 1,01 a 2,38), la percepción de no tener el suficiente dinero para vivir (OR ajustada = 2,52; IC95 por ciento: 1,69 a 3,74), tener artrosis (OR ajustada = 2,34; IC95 por ciento: 1,42 a 3,85), tener menor índice de masa corporal (OR ajustada = 0,89; IC95 por ciento: 0,85 a 0,93 ), la presencia de síntomas depresivos (OR ajustada = 5,41; IC95 por ciento: 1,90 a 15,34), el hacer sólo una (OR ajustada = 12,95; IC95 por ciento: 5,19 a 32,28) o dos comidas al día (OR ajustada = 3,27; IC95 por ciento: 2,18 a 4,9) y el tener dificultades para acostarse solo (OR ajustada = 3,25; IC95 por ciento: 1,58 a 6,68), salir solo (OR ajustada = 2,70; IC95 ...
OBJECTIVE: To determine the psychosocial and health determinants associated with malnutrition risk (MR) among older adults living in the community of Mexico City, Mexico. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. Secondary analysis was performed on the data of adults who were 60 or more years of age, living in the metropolitan area of Mexico city, and had participated in the multi-city study on Health, Wellbeing, and Aging in 1999 and 2000. Information on 820 participants was analyzed (mean age 69.7 ± 7.6 years; 62.9 percent female). In addition to the MR (dependent variable) that was established through a basic nutrition evaluation, the following variables were analyzed: sociodemographics, body mass index, comorbidity, symptoms of depression, oral health, mental function, functional capability, among others. Independent associations from among the variables and the MR were calculated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Odds ratios (OR) and 95 percent confidence intervals (95 percentCI) were determined. RESULTS: MR was present in 261 (31.8 percent) participants. The univariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for possible confounding variables showed that the following variables demonstrated significant and independent associations with MR among the study sample population: not having a pension (adjusted OR = 1.45; 95 percentCI: 1.01 - 2.38); feeling that one did not have enough money to live on (adjusted OR = 2.52; 95 percentCI: 1.69 - 3.74); having osteoarthritis (adjusted OR = 2.34; 95 percentCI: 1.42 - 3.85); having a low body mass index (adjusted OR = 0.89; 95 percentCI: 0.85 - 0.93); having symptoms of depression (adjusted OR = 5.41; 95 percentCI: 1.90 - 15.34); eating only once daily (adjusted OR = 12.95; 95 percentCI: 5.19 - 32.28) or twice daily (adjusted OR = 3.27; 95 percentCI: 2.18 - 4.9); and having physical difficulty with getting to bed (adjusted OR = 3.25; CI 95 percent: 1.58 - 6.68), ...
Assuntos
Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Fatores Etários , Estudos Transversais , Desnutrição/psicologia , México , Fatores de Risco , Saúde da População UrbanaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the psychosocial and health determinants associated with malnutrition risk (MR) among older adults living in the community of Mexico City, Mexico. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. Secondary analysis was performed on the data of adults who were 60 or more years of age, living in the metropolitan area of Mexico city, and had participated in the multi-city study on Health, Wellbeing, and Aging in 1999 and 2000. Information on 820 participants was analyzed (mean age 69.7 +/- 7.6 years; 62.9% female). In addition to the MR (dependent variable) that was established through a basic nutrition evaluation, the following variables were analyzed: sociodemographics, body mass index, comorbidity, symptoms of depression, oral health, mental function, functional capability, among others. Independent associations from among the variables and the MR were calculated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were determined. RESULTS: MR was present in 261 (31.8%) participants. The univariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for possible confounding variables showed that the following variables demonstrated significant and independent associations with MR among the study sample population: not having a pension (adjusted OR = 1.45; 95%CI: 1.01 - 2.38); feeling that one did not have enough money to live on (adjusted OR = 2.52; 95%CI: 1.69 - 3.74); having osteoarthritis (adjusted OR = 2.34; 95%CI: 1.42 - 3.85); having a low body mass index (adjusted OR = 0.89; 95%CI: 0.85 - 0.93); having symptoms of depression (adjusted OR = 5.41; 95%CI: 1.90 - 15.34); eating only once daily (adjusted OR = 12.95; 95%CI: 5.19 - 32.28) or twice daily (adjusted OR = 3.27; 95%CI: 2.18 - 4.9); and having physical difficulty with getting to bed (adjusted OR = 3.25; CI 95%: 1.58 - 6.68), going out alone (adjusted OR = 2.70; CI 95%: 1.54 - 4.73), and using the telephone (adjusted OR = 1.95; CI 95%: 1.10 - 3.43). CONCLUSIONS: There are multiple and various determinants of malnutrition risk. To determine MR, the older adult's financial and social situation must be carefully evaluated along with the more traditional health and anthropometric information.
