What has been written about burnout syndrome in prison officers?

OBJECTIVES: Working with prison inmates involves constant contact with a stigmatized population, in hostile conditions where the working environment facilitates burnout syndrome among prison workers. The objective of this study is to carry out a bibliographic review to find pioneering and current publications, recognize the authors specializing in the subject and identify the most common findings of their research. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The tree of science (ToS) reference search method was used, which applies an analysis of data networks to find the most relevant scientific articles on a specific topic, in this case burnout syndrome. This tool shows the results in the form of a tree, where the root is formed by the classic publications, the trunk for the ones that have shaped the subject and the leaves are the most recent articles. RESULTS: We found 140 published documents. The ToS selected 92 articles. The studies contained in the three parts of the ToS were analyzed; some of the determining factors were related to organizational structure, participation in decision-making, satisfaction and commitment to work, and lack of service and programs to help with depression or other mental conditions. DISCUSSION: Some factors related to the work that these workers do, combined with the organizational shortages present in prisons, impose stress that leads to burnout syndrome in these employees. To reduce the syndrome, structural changes are needed in the institutions, as well as the strengthening of personal and professional skills and the social integration of prison workers.

Barreras para el ejercicio físico en estudiantes universitarios de Manizales, Colombia: diferencias por programa académico / Barriers to physical exercise in university students in Manizales, Colombia: differences by academic program / Barreiras para o exercício físico em estudantes universitários de Manizales, Colômbia: diferenças por programa acadêmico

Resumen Objetivo: analizar las barreras que impiden la práctica de ejercicio físico en estudiantes universitarios pertenecientes a programas académicos de pregrado de la ciudad de Manizales. Materiales y métodos: estudio con enfoque cuantitativo de tipo correlacional, cuya muestra corresponde a 2.576 estudiantes de pregrado presencial pertenecientes a cuatro universidades de la ciudad de Manizales. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó la escala de beneficios y barreras que tiene el ejercicio (EEBS) de Nola Pender. Resultados: las barreras mayormente reportadas se relacionan con el cansancio (67,7 %), la fatiga (60,24 %) y la falta de tiempo para realizar ejercicio físico (48,91 %). Se encontraron 13 barreras asociadas a los programas académicos, siendo los estudiantes de Bellas Artes, quienes se asociaron a un mayor número de barreras. Conclusión: el área de estudio de Bellas Artes se asoció a una mayor percepción de barreras, mientras que los estudiantes de Educación y Agronomía no consideraron barreras para la práctica del ejercicio físico. Los planes de estudios deben incluir espacios académicos y/o lúdicos que permitan una mayor motivación intrínseca y extrínseca para la práctica deportiva acorde a los intereses del área de conocimiento.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the barriers that prevent the practice of physical exercise in university students belonging to undergraduate academic programs in the city of Manizales. Materials and methods: Study with a correlational quantitative approach with a sample of 2,576 undergraduate students from four universities in the city of Manizales. The Nola Pender exercise benefits and barriers scale (EBBS) was used for data collection. Results: The most reported barriers were related to tiredness (67.7%), fatigue (60.24%) and lack of time to perform physical exercise (48.91%). Thirteen barriers associated with academic programs were found, being the Fine Arts students those who were associated with a greater number of barriers. Conclusion: The Fine Arts area of study was associated with a greater perception of barriers while the Education and Agronomy students did not consider barriers to the practice of physical exercise. The study plans must include academic and/or recreational spaces that allow greater intrinsic and extrinsic motivation for the practice of sports according to the interests of the area of knowledge.

Resumo Objetivo: analisar as barreiras que impedem a prática de exercício físico em estudantes universitários pertencentes a programas académicos de formatura da cidade de Manizales. Materiais e métodos: estudo com enfoque quantitativo de tipo correlacional, cuja amostra corresponde a 2.576 estudantes de formatura presencial pertencentes a quatro universidades da cidade de Manizales. Para a coleita de dados se fez a escada de benefícios e barreiras que têm o exercício (EEBS) de Nola Pender. Resultados: as barreiras maiormente reportadas se relacionam com o cansaço (67,7 %), a fatiga (60,24 %) e a falta de tempo para fazer exercício físico (48,91 %). Acharam-se 13 barreiras associadas aos programas acadêmicos, sendo os estudantes de Belas Artes, quem se associaram a um maior número de barreiras. Conclusão: a área de estudo de Belas Artes se associou a uma maior percepção de barreiras, enquanto que os estudantes de Educação e Agronomia não consideraram barreiras para a prática do exercício físico. As diretrizes de estudos devem incluir espaços acadêmicos e/ou lúdicos que permitam uma maior motivação intrínseca e extrínseca para a prática esportiva acorde aos interesses da área de conhecimento.

¿Qué se ha escrito sobre el síndrome de agotamiento en trabajadores penitenciarios? / What has been wirtten about burnout syndrome in prison officers?

Objetivos: El trabajo con personas privadas de la libertad involucra el contacto con una población estigmatizada en condicioneshostiles, esto favorece la incidencia de sufrir el síndrome de agotamiento. El objetivo de este estudio es la realización de revisiónbibliográfica para conocer publicaciones pioneras y actuales, reconocer a los autores especialistas en el tema y los hallazgosencontrados en sus investigaciones.Material y método: Se empleó el método de búsqueda de referencias del árbol de la ciencia (ToS, tree of science), que aplicaun análisis de redes de datos para hallar artículos científicos relevantes, en este caso, el síndrome de agotamiento. Esta arrojaresultados en forma de árbol, donde la raíz está formada por publicaciones clásicas, el tronco, por las que dan forma al tema, ylas hojas son los artículos más recientes.Resultados: Se encontraron 140 documentos publicados, y el ToS seleccionó 92 artículos. Se analizaron los estudios contenidosen las tres partes del árbol de ToS, algunos factores determinantes fueron estructura organizacional, participación en la tomade decisiones, satisfacción y compromiso con el trabajo, como también la falta de servicio y programas para la atención de ladepresión u otras afecciones mentales.Discusión: Algunos factores relacionados con la labor que estos trabajadores cumplen, junto con la falta organizacional que loscentros penitenciarios presentan, producen un estrés que favorece el síndrome de agotamiento profesional en estos empleados.Para la disminución del síndrome, se necesitan cambios estructurales en las instituciones, así como el fortalecimiento de lashabilidades personales y profesionales y la integración social de trabajadores penitenciarios. (AU)

Objectives: Working with prison inmates involves constant contact with a stigmatized population, in hostile conditionswhere the working environment facilitates burnout syndrome among prison workers. The objective of this study is to carryout a bibliographic review to find pioneering and current publications, recognize the authors specializing in the subject andidentify the most common findings of their research.Material and method: The tree of science (ToS) reference search method was used, which applies an analysis of data networksto find the most relevant scientific articles on a specific topic, in this case burnout syndrome. This tool shows the results in theform of a tree, where the root is formed by the classic publications, the trunk for the ones that have shaped the subject and theleaves are the most recent articles.Results: We found 140 published documents. The ToS selected 92 articles. The studies contained in the three parts of the ToSwere analyzed; some of the determining factors were related to organizational structure, participation in decision-making,satisfaction and commitment to work, and lack of service and programs to help with depression or other mental conditions.Discussion: Some factors related to the work that these workers do, combined with the organizational shortages present in prisons, impose stress that leads to burnout syndrome in these employees. To reduce the syndrome, structural changes are neededin the institutions, as well as the strengthening of personal and professional skills and the social integration of prison workers. (AU)

Cost-effectiveness of synchronous vs. asynchronous telepsychiatry in prison inmates with depression / Costo-efectividad de telepsiquiatría sincrónica frente a asincrónica para personas con depresión privadas de la libertad

Abstract Introduction: Telepsychiatry is defined as the use of information and communication technology (ICT) in providing remote psychiatric services. Telepsychiatry is applied using two types of communication: synchronous (real time) and asynchronous (store and forward). Objective: To determine the cost-effectiveness of a synchronous and an asynchronous telepsychiatric model in prison inmate patients with symptoms of depression. Methods: A cost-effectiveness study was performed on a population consisting of 157 patients from the Establecimiento Penitenciario y Carcelario de Mediana Seguridad de Manizales, Colombia. The sample was determined by applying Zung self-administered surveys for depression (1965) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), the latter being the tool used for the comparison. Results: Initial Hamilton score, arrival time, duration of system downtime, and clinical effectiveness variables had normal distributions (p >0.05). There were significant differences (p < 0.001) between care costs for the different models, showing that the mean cost of the asynchronous model is less than synchronous model, and making the asynchronous model more cost-effective. Conclusions: The asynchronous model is the most cost-effective model of telepsychiatry care for patients with depression admitted to a detention centre, according to the results of clinical effectiveness, cost measurement, and patient satisfaction.

Resumen Introducción: La telepsiquiatría se define como la utilización de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) en la prestación de servicios de psiquiatría a distancia. La aplicación de la telepsiquiatría está dada por dos tipos diferentes de comunicación: sincrónico (tiempo real) y asincrónico (tiempo diferido). Objetivo: Determinar la costo-efectividad de un modelo de telepsiquiatría sincrónico frente a otro asincrónico en pacientes con síntomas de depresión internados en un centro de privación de libertad. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de costo-efectividad. Constituyeron la población 157 pacientes del Establecimiento Penitenciario y Carcelario de Mediana Seguridad de Manizales, Colombia. La muestra se determinó con la encuesta auto aplicable Zung para la depresión (1965) y la escala de valoración de Hamilton para la evaluación de la depresión (Hamilton depression rating scale [HDRS]), instrumento con que se realizó la comparación. Resultados: Las variables Hamilton inicial, tiempo de llegada, duración de caídas del sistema y efectividad clínica presentaron distribución normal con p > 0,05; entre los diferentes modelos hubo diferencias significativas (p < 0,001) en los costos de atención, y se evidenció que, en promedio, el costo del modelo asincrónico es menor que el del sincrónico; en promedio, la modalidad asincrónica es más costo-efectiva. Conclusiones: El modelo de atención más costo-efectivo en telepsiquiatría para pacientes con trastorno depresivo internados en un centro de privación de libertad es el asincrónico según los resultados de efectividad clínica, medición de costos y satisfacción del paciente.

[Cost-effectiveness of Synchronous vs. Asynchronous Telepsychiatry in Prison Inmates With Depression]. / Costo-efectividad de telepsiquiatría sincrónica frente a asincrónica para personas con depresión privadas de la libertad.

INTRODUCTION: Telepsychiatry is defined as the use of information and communication technology (ICT) in providing remote psychiatric services. Telepsychiatry is applied using two types of communication: synchronous (real time) and asynchronous (store and forward). OBJECTIVE: To determine the cost-effectiveness of a synchronous and an asynchronous telepsychiatric model in prison inmate patients with symptoms of depression. METHODS: A cost-effectiveness study was performed on a population consisting of 157 patients from the Establecimiento Penitenciario y Carcelario de Mediana Seguridad de Manizales, Colombia. The sample was determined by applying Zung self-administered surveys for depression (1965) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), the latter being the tool used for the comparison. RESULTS: Initial Hamilton score, arrival time, duration of system downtime, and clinical effectiveness variables had normal distributions (P>.05). There were significant differences (P<.001) between care costs for the different models, showing that the mean cost of the asynchronous model is less than synchronous model, and making the asynchronous model more cost-effective. CONCLUSIONS: The asynchronous model is the most cost-effective model of telepsychiatry care for patients with depression admitted to a detention centre, according to the results of clinical effectiveness, cost measurement, and patient satisfaction.