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1.
J Genet Psychol ; 185(2): 146-154, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37978907

RESUMO

Although controversy exists around labels for postpartum depression (PPD), focusing efforts on terms distracts the research community from better understanding the impact of depression on parent-infant relationships. The purpose of this article is to provide a narrative review of research related to how depression experienced in the postpartum period impacts parent-infant relationships. Our review indicates that PPD is pervasive, symptoms often appear during pregnancy, and it has the potential to negatively impact parent-infant relationships. Based on the recent review of literature, intervention efforts should focus on identification and treatment of PPD as early as possible to mitigate detrimental long-term impacts on parent-child relationships.


Assuntos
Depressão Pós-Parto , Gravidez , Feminino , Lactente , Humanos , Depressão Pós-Parto/diagnóstico , Depressão Pós-Parto/terapia , Depressão , Período Pós-Parto , Relações Pais-Filho , Mães , Fatores de Risco
2.
J Child Health Care ; : 13674935231183491, 2023 Jun 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37316486

RESUMO

Food allergy prevalence is increasing among children; however, it is not clear how children's food allergy status impacts family mealtimes. This study's purpose was to systematically synthesize research regarding the relationship between children's food allergies, parental meal-centered stress, and family mealtime dynamics. Data sources for this study include peer-reviewed, English language sources from CINAHL, MEDLINE, APA PsycInfo, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Five keyword categories (child, food allergies, meal preparation, stress, and family) were utilized to identify sources regarding how food allergies of children (from birth-12 years) relate to family mealtime dynamics or parental meal-centered stress. All 13 identified studies determined that pediatric food allergies relate to either increased parental stress, meal preparation issues, mealtime problems, or changes to family meals. Studies also indicate that meal preparation takes longer, requires more vigilance, and is more stressful due to children's food allergies. Limitations include that most studies were cross-sectional and based on maternal self-report. Children's food allergies are associated with parental meal-centered stress and mealtime issues. However, there is a need for research to account for specific changes to family mealtime dynamics and parent feeding behaviors so that pediatric health care professionals can alleviate parental meal-centered stress and provide guidance towards optimal feeding behaviors.

3.
Curr Psychol ; 42(13): 10706-10717, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34642561

RESUMO

COVID-19 has disrupted the lives of families across the United States and all over the world. Stress is known to have a negative impact on parent-child feeding interactions; hence, the purpose of this study is to examine how COVID-related parenting stress, which was measured using a newly developed scale, is related to parent mental health, nonresponsive feeding, and children's self-regulation of eating. 119 parents of children ages 2-7 years old filled out questions about COVID-related parenting stress, mental health, nonresponsive feeding behaviors, and children's self-regulation of eating. A series of multiple regressions were run to predict parent anxiety and psychological distress from COVID-related parenting stress. COVID-related parenting stress was found to be a significant predictor of both parent anxiety and psychological distress. When COVID-related parenting stress was further broken down into COVID-Related Job/Financial Security Stress and COVID-Related Family Safety/Stability Stress, COVID-Related Job/Financial Security Stress predicted psychological distress while COVID-Related Family Safety/Stability Stress predicted parent anxiety. Moderation analyses were also run to test the difference across the parents of children under 5 years of age and those of children who were 5 years of age and older regarding the association of COVID-related parenting stress and either parent anxiety or psychological distress. There was no significant difference across age. Lastly, COVID-related parenting stress and nonresponsive feeding practices were simultaneously entered into a multiple regression to predict children's self-regulation of eating, and COVID-related parenting stress and parent distrust in appetite were both found to decrease children's ability to self-regulate energy intake. Based on findings from this study, researchers interested in improving children's self-regulation of eating and long-term health outcomes should continue to target the reduction of nonresponsive parent feeding behaviors, but they should also aim to look beyond specific parent feeding behaviors by attempting to help parents manage stressors in their lives. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-021-02333-y.

4.
Appetite ; 180: 106317, 2023 01 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36195191

RESUMO

Parents' symptoms of anxiety and depression are associated with their increased likelihood of using nonresponsive feeding practices and with children's elevated obesity risk. These feeding practices, particularly persuasive-controlling feeding practices, have further been linked to children's emotional eating, including both emotional overeating and undereating. To help future research identify points of interventions to reduce children's maladaptive eating behaviors, the goal of this study was to determine whether persuasive-controlling feeding practices mediated the link between parent mental health and children's emotional eating. Feeding practices were measured by the FPSQ. Anxiety was measured by the GAD-7. Depression was measured by the CESD-R. Emotional eating was measured by the CEBQ. Survey data were collected from 259 U.S. parents of preschool children as a part of a larger study. Results from structural equation modeling showed that nonresponsive feeding behaviors mediated the relationship between parent mental health and children's emotional eating. Future longitudinal studies and clinical trials should examine whether and how persuasive-controlling feeding practices explain the link between parents' mental health and children's maladaptive eating behaviors, including emotional eating.


Assuntos
Saúde Mental , Pais , Humanos
5.
Front Public Health ; 9: 630201, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34746069

RESUMO

The goal of the present study is to examine the relationship between early infant behaviors, which can be easily reported by parents, with parent-infant bonding and maternal mental health. It has long been established that child characteristics and behaviors have a significant impact on parent well-being and how parents respond to their infants. Examining parent perceptions of challenging infant behaviors may help health professionals identify high risk infants in need of intervention and mothers in need of additional support. Mothers of 73 infants between the ages of 3.5 weeks and 6 months filled out questionnaires. Infant stomach issues were positively correlated with bonding issues, maternal anxiety and maternal depression. Infant crying issues were also positively correlated with bonding issues, maternal anxiety and maternal depression. Potential clinical and research applications of the instrument include early identification of caregivers in need of support and screening for further clinical assessment and care.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Lactente , Pais , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Saúde Mental , Mães , Percepção
6.
JAMA Pediatr ; 175(11): 1132-1141, 2021 11 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34424265

RESUMO

Importance: Newborn genomic sequencing (nGS) may provide health benefits throughout the life span, but there are concerns that it could also have an unfavorable (ie, negative) psychosocial effect on families. Objective: To assess the psychosocial effect of nGS on families from the BabySeq Project, a randomized clinical trial evaluating the effect of nGS on the clinical care of newborns from well-baby nurseries and intensive care units. Design, Setting, and Participants: In this randomized clinical trial conducted from May 14, 2015, to May 21, 2019, at well-baby nurseries and intensive care units at 3 Boston, Massachusetts, area hospitals, 519 parents of 325 infants completed surveys at enrollment, immediately after disclosure of nGS results, and 3 and 10 months after results disclosure. Statistical analysis was performed on a per-protocol basis from January 16, 2019, to December 1, 2019. Intervention: Newborns were randomized to receive either standard newborn screening and a family history report (control group) or the same plus an nGS report of childhood-onset conditions and highly actionable adult-onset conditions (nGS group). Main Outcomes and Measures: Mean responses were compared between groups and, within the nGS group, between parents of children who received a monogenic disease risk finding and those who did not in 3 domains of psychosocial impact: parent-child relationship (Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale), parents' relationship (Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale), and parents' psychological distress (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale anxiety subscale). Results: A total of 519 parents (275 women [53.0%]; mean [SD] age, 35.1 [4.5] years) were included in this study. Although mean scores differed for some outcomes at singular time points, generalized estimating equations models did not show meaningful differences in parent-child relationship (between-group difference in adjusted mean [SE] Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale scores: postdisclosure, 0.04 [0.15]; 3 months, -0.18 [0.18]; 10 months, -0.07 [0.20]; joint P = .57) or parents' psychological distress (between-group ratio of adjusted mean [SE] Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale anxiety subscale scores: postdisclosure, 1.04 [0.08]; 3 months, 1.07 [0.11]; joint P = .80) response patterns between study groups over time for any measures analyzed in these 2 domains. Response patterns on one parents' relationship measure differed between groups over time (between-group difference in adjusted mean [SE] Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale scores: postdisclosure, -0.19 [0.07]; 3 months, -0.04 [0.07]; and 10 months, -0.01 [0.08]; joint P = .02), but the effect decreased over time and no difference was observed on the conflict measure responses over time. We found no evidence of persistent negative psychosocial effect in any domain. Conclusions and Relevance: In this randomized clinical trial of nGS, there was no persistent negative psychosocial effect on families among those who received nGS nor among those who received a monogenic disease risk finding for their infant. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02422511.


Assuntos
Sequenciamento do Exoma , Triagem Neonatal , Pais/psicologia , Adulto , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença/psicologia , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Relações Pais-Filho
7.
Appetite ; 143: 104424, 2019 12 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31476351

RESUMO

Self-regulation in eating is increasingly becoming an area of interest especially in child obesity and development literature and prevention. This study aims to examine differences in the impact of overtly restrictive feeding practices across mothers and fathers on child's self-regulation in eating. A moderated multiple regression model was run to test the moderating effect of gender on the relationship between overtly restrictive feeding practices and self-regulation. A simple slope analysis was then used to probe the interaction term between overt restriction in feeding and gender. Results from a moderation analysis indicate parental gender to be a significant factor affecting the relationship between overtly restrictive feeding and a child's self-regulation in eating. On probing the interaction, the simple slope was negative and significant when gender was female meaning that women's use of overt restriction negatively impacts children's ability to self-regulate in eating compared to men. Feeding studies often generalize findings from mother-only samples to all parents but these results provide evidence against doing so.


Assuntos
Pai/psicologia , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Mães/psicologia , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Autocontrole/psicologia , Fatores Sexuais , Adulto , Peso Corporal , Comportamento Infantil , Pré-Escolar , Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Relações Pais-Filho , Inquéritos e Questionários
8.
BMC Pediatr ; 18(1): 225, 2018 07 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29986673

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The greatest opportunity for lifelong impact of genomic sequencing is during the newborn period. The "BabySeq Project" is a randomized trial that explores the medical, behavioral, and economic impacts of integrating genomic sequencing into the care of healthy and sick newborns. METHODS: Families of newborns are enrolled from Boston Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital nurseries, and half are randomized to receive genomic sequencing and a report that includes monogenic disease variants, recessive carrier variants for childhood onset or actionable disorders, and pharmacogenomic variants. All families participate in a disclosure session, which includes the return of results for those in the sequencing arm. Outcomes are collected through review of medical records and surveys of parents and health care providers and include the rationale for choice of genes and variants to report; what genomic data adds to the medical management of sick and healthy babies; and the medical, behavioral, and economic impacts of integrating genomic sequencing into the care of healthy and sick newborns. DISCUSSION: The BabySeq Project will provide empirical data about the risks, benefits and costs of newborn genomic sequencing and will inform policy decisions related to universal genomic screening of newborns. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02422511 . Registration date: 10 April 2015.


Assuntos
Sequenciamento do Exoma , Triagem Neonatal/métodos , Família/psicologia , Aconselhamento Genético , Predisposição Genética para Doença/psicologia , Custos de Cuidados de Saúde , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Triagem Neonatal/economia , Triagem Neonatal/psicologia , Medição de Risco
9.
Child Obes ; 14(2): 81-88, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29193981

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Food parenting practices influence children's eating behaviors and weight status. Food parenting practices also influence children's self-regulatory abilities around eating, which has important implications for children's eating behaviors. The purpose of the following study is to examine use of structure-related food parenting practices and the potential impact on children's ability to self-regulate energy intake. METHODS: Parents (n = 379) of preschool age children (M = 4.10 years, SD = 0.92) were mostly mothers (68.6%), Non-White (54.5%), and overweight/obese (50.1%). Hierarchical Multiple Regression was conducted to predict child self-regulation in eating from structure-related food parenting practices (structured meal setting, structured meal timing, family meal setting), while accounting for child weight status, parent age, gender, BMI, race, and yearly income. RESULTS: Hierarchical Multiple Regression results indicated that structure-related feeding practices (structured meal setting and family meal setting, but not structured meal timing) are associated with children's heightened levels of self-regulation in eating. Models examining the relationship within children who were normal weight and overweight/obese indicated the following: a relationship between structured meal setting and heightened self-regulation in eating for normal-weight children and a relationship between family meal setting and heightened self-regulation in eating for overweight/obese children. CONCLUSIONS: Researchers should further investigate these potentially modifiable parent feeding behaviors as a protective parenting technique, which possibly contributes to a healthy weight development by enhancing self-regulation in eating.


Assuntos
Comportamento Infantil/psicologia , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Autocontrole/psicologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal , Pré-Escolar , Ingestão de Energia , Família/psicologia , Humanos , Renda , Masculino , Refeições/psicologia , Mães/psicologia , Grupos Raciais , Fatores Sexuais , Inquéritos e Questionários
10.
Pediatrics ; 139(3)2017 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28246344
11.
Appetite ; 113: 78-83, 2017 06 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28215543

RESUMO

Emotional eating, or eating in response to negative emotions rather than internal hunger cues, has been related to many maladaptive eating patterns that contribute to weight gain and obesity. The parent feeding practice of use of food as a reward is positively associated with children emotionally overeating, yet, little is known as to the potential behavioral mechanism linking these behaviors. The current study examined the mediating role of child self-regulation of eating in the relationship between parental use of food as a reward and child emotional overeating. Parents of preschool aged children (n = 254) completed online questionnaires targeting parent feeding practices, child eating behaviors, and child self-regulation in eating. Mediation was assessed with Hayes' PROCESS macros in SPSS. Results demonstrated that the relationship between parental use of food as a reward and child emotional overeating was partially mediated by child self-regulation in eating, even after controlling for parent and child gender, household income, and race/ethnicity. In summary, parental use of food as a reward leads to children's diminished ability to regulate intake, which then leads to increased emotional over eating. Results of this study have implications for both the prevention of disordered eating behaviors and childhood obesity prevention programs, suggesting the need to assist children in learning how to self-regulate in the presence of food.


Assuntos
Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Hiperfagia/psicologia , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Recompensa , Autocontrole/psicologia , Adulto , Criança , Comportamento Infantil/psicologia , Pré-Escolar , Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Emoções , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pais/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários
12.
Eat Behav ; 26: 121-128, 2017 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28236740

RESUMO

The present study examines the hypothesis that adult attachment orientation, specifically anxious attachment, is related to children's diminished ability to self-regulate their food intake, and that this relationship is mediated by parents' persuasive-controlling feeding practices. Two hundred and sixty five mothers and fathers of preschool children completed online questionnaires that included measures of Adult Attachment Orientation, Parental Persuasive-Controlling Feeding Practices, and Child Self-Regulation of Eating. Structural equation modeling revealed a significant relationship between parental anxious attachment and child self-regulatory abilities, which was fully mediated by parental persuasive-controlling feeding. Also as predicted, parents' avoidant attachment was found to be unrelated to persuasive-controlling feeding and child self-regulated eating. Findings suggest that parents with an anxious attachment orientation may be more likely than other parents to try to use persuasive techniques to control their children's food intake, which may impair children's ability to regulate their food intake, increasing their obesity risk. Implications for intervention are discussed.


Assuntos
Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Apego ao Objeto , Relações Pais-Filho , Pais/psicologia , Comunicação Persuasiva , Autocontrole/psicologia , Adulto , Ansiedade/psicologia , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
13.
Pediatrics ; 137 Suppl 1: S24-9, 2016 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26729699

RESUMO

Various stakeholders have issued recommendations regarding the use of genomics in pediatrics. These guidelines are driven in part by concerns about psychosocial risks of disclosing predictive genomic information during childhood. As genomic sequencing becomes more commonly used in pediatric settings, it is important to systematically study the psychosocial impact of genomic sequencing of newborns, including the impact on family dynamics. Through review of the psychological and genetic counseling literature, we identify the following 3 domains of family dynamics that have potential to be impacted by the return of genomic results during the newborn period: perceived child vulnerability, parent-child bonding, and self and partner blame. In this article, we outline the complexity of studying these psychosocial outcomes and our plan to examine them in the BabySeq Project, a randomized controlled trial in both healthy and sick infants, in which the return of genomic information will be compared with standard of care.


Assuntos
Predisposição Genética para Doença/psicologia , Testes Genéticos , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Triagem Neonatal/psicologia , Pais/psicologia , Exoma/genética , Genoma Humano/genética , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Relações Pais-Filho , Análise de Sequência de DNA
14.
J Anxiety Disord ; 35: 82-7, 2015 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26398370

RESUMO

Current research suggests that interpersonal trauma has an impact on insecure attachment and anxiety. Some research further suggests that attachment may play a mediating role between traumatic events and psychopathology. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the experience of interpersonal trauma, attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance and clinical anxiety severity among adult psychiatric inpatients who reported having experienced interpersonal trauma after the age of 16. It was hypothesized that attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance would mediate the relationship between interpersonal trauma and clinical anxiety level. This study used archival data on 414 adult psychiatric inpatients in a large city in the Southwest U.S. Results suggest that interpersonal trauma was correlated to attachment avoidance but not to attachment anxiety and that attachment avoidance partially mediated the relation of interpersonal trauma to anxiety. The attachment framework appositely explains how a negative model of other contributes to the relation between experiences of interpersonal trauma and anxiety in adulthood.


Assuntos
Transtornos de Ansiedade/psicologia , Relações Interpessoais , Apego ao Objeto , Transtornos de Estresse Traumático/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Ansiedade/psicologia , Aprendizagem da Esquiva/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Pacientes Internados/psicologia , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem
15.
Infant Behav Dev ; 40: 73-83, 2015 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26047678

RESUMO

According to family systems theory, children's emotional development is likely to be influenced by family interactions at multiple levels, including marital, mother-child, and father-child interactions, as well as by interrelations between these levels. The purpose of the present study was to examine parents' marital conflict and mothers' and fathers' distressed responses to their infant's negative emotions, assessed when their child was 8 and 24 months old, in addition to interactions between parents' marital conflict and their distressed responses, as predictors of their toddler's negative and flat/withdrawn affect at 24 months. Higher marital conflict during infancy and toddlerhood predicted both increased negative and increased flat/withdrawn affect during toddlerhood. In addition, toddlers' negative (but not flat) affect was related to mothers' distressed responses, but was only related to father's distressed responses when martial conflict was high. Implications of this study for parent education and family intervention were discussed.


Assuntos
Comportamento Infantil/psicologia , Emoções Manifestas , Conflito Familiar/psicologia , Relações Pais-Filho , Pais/psicologia , Adaptação Psicológica , Adulto , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Pré-Escolar , Emoções , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia
16.
Appetite ; 91: 107-13, 2015 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25865665

RESUMO

Assessing parent affect is important because studies examining the parent-child dyad have shown that parent affect has a profound impact on parent-child interactions and related outcomes. Although some measures that assess general affect during daily lives exist, to date there are only few tools that assess parent affect in the context of feeding. The aim of this study was to develop an instrument to measure parent affect specific to the feeding context and determine its validity and reliability. A brief instrument consisting of 20 items was developed that specifically asks how parents feel during the feeding process. This brief instrument draws on the structure of a well-validated general affect measure. A total of 296 Hispanic and Black Head Start parents of preschoolers completed the Feeding Emotions Scale along with other parent-report measures as part of a larger study designed to better understand feeding interactions during the dinner meal. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a two-factor model with independent subscales of positive affect and negative affect (Cronbach's alphas of 0.85 and 0.84, respectively). Concurrent and convergent construct validity was evaluated by correlating the subscales of the Feeding Emotions Scale with positive emotionality and negative emotionality from the Differential Emotions Scale - a measure of general adult emotions. Concurrent and convergent criterion validity was evaluated by testing mean differences in affect across parent feeding styles using ANOVA. A significant difference was found across maternal weight status for positive feeding affect. The resulting validated measure can be used to assess parent affect in studies of feeding to better understand how interactions during feeding may impact the development of child eating behaviors and possibly weight status.


Assuntos
Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Infantil , Dieta , Emoções , Métodos de Alimentação , Modelos Psicológicos , Poder Familiar , Negro ou Afro-Americano , Índice de Massa Corporal , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Infantil/etnologia , Pré-Escolar , Dieta/efeitos adversos , Dieta/etnologia , Intervenção Educacional Precoce , Análise Fatorial , Saúde da Família/etnologia , Métodos de Alimentação/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Hispânico ou Latino , Humanos , Masculino , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/etnologia , Sobrepeso/etiologia , Sobrepeso/prevenção & controle , Poder Familiar/etnologia , Pais , Risco , Autorrelato , Sudoeste dos Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Saúde da População Urbana/etnologia
17.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act ; 12: 34, 2015 Mar 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25888909

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Despite a growing consensus on the feeding practices associated with healthy eating patterns, few observational studies of maternal feeding practices with young children have been conducted, especially in low-income populations. The aim of this study was to provide such data on a low income sample to determine the degree to which observed maternal feeding practices compare with current recommendations. METHODS: Eighty low-income mothers and their preschool children were videotaped at dinner in their homes. Mothers were chosen from a larger study to create a 2 X 2 X 2 design: maternal ethnicity (African American vs. Latina) by child gender by child weight status (healthy weight vs. overweight/obese). Observers coded videotapes for a range of maternal feeding strategies and other behaviors. RESULTS: Many mothers spent considerable time encouraging eating--often in spite of the child's insistence that he or she was finished. Mothers talked little about food characteristics, rarely referred to feelings of hunger and fullness, and made more attempts to enforce table manners than to teach eating skills. Latina mothers showed higher levels of teaching eating skills and encouraging their children to eat; African American mothers showed higher levels of enforcing table manners and getting children to clear their plates. Mothers of boys used more unelaborated commands and less questions/suggestions than mothers of girls. Finally, compared to mothers of overweight/obese children, mothers of healthy weight children showed higher levels of encouraging eating and lower levels of discouraging eating. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the mothers in this study did not engage in feeding practices that are consistent with current recommendations. They did this, despite the fact that they knew they were being observed. These results should be used to inform future research about the motivations behind mothers' feeding practices and the development of interventions by helping identify areas in greatest need of change.


Assuntos
Ingestão de Alimentos , Comportamento Alimentar , Renda , Relações Mãe-Filho , Poder Familiar , Obesidade Infantil , Pobreza , Adulto , Negro ou Afro-Americano , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal , Pré-Escolar , Comportamento Alimentar/etnologia , Feminino , Hispânico ou Latino , Humanos , Masculino , Mães , Observação , Sobrepeso , Poder Familiar/etnologia , Obesidade Infantil/etiologia , Valores de Referência , Fatores Sexuais
18.
Child Obes ; 11(2): 209-14, 2015 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25692707

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: This study examined maternal understanding and acceptance of young children's ability to self-assess fullness using a mixed-methods approach. METHODS: Twenty low-income mothers of 5- to 7-year-olds participated in this semistructured laboratory study. After consumption of a buffet dinner meal, mothers were asked to indicate their perception of their child's fullness level, and children were also asked to self-assess their fullness level. RESULTS: Five of the 20 mothers in the study were initially correct in their assessment of their child's level of fullness. Half of the incorrect mothers were willing to change their rating when informed that the child's fullness rating was different than her own. CONCLUSIONS: Semistructured interview results provide suggestive evidence that some mothers believe they understand their child's fullness level better than their children. Given that mothers have the potential to override children's ability to self-regulate eating behavior, teaching mothers to understand and appreciate young children's ability to self-regulate eating is an important area for intervention.


Assuntos
Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Mães/psicologia , Período Pós-Prandial/fisiologia , Saciação/fisiologia , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Relações Mãe-Filho , Poder Familiar , Projetos Piloto
19.
Appetite ; 76: 166-74, 2014 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24533968

RESUMO

Parent feeding styles have been associated with children's eating behaviors and weight status across multiple studies. However, little is known about the mechanism through which parent feeding styles influence child weight status. Children's ability to self-regulate their eating may be the mechanism that links these two constructs. This study examined the relationship between parent feeding styles, child self-regulatory ability, and weight status to determine whether self-regulatory ability mediated the relationship between parent feeding styles and child weight status in a group of 296 parents and their preschool aged children. Indulgent feeding style was related to children having lessened satiety responsiveness and higher enjoyment of food (two components of self-regulation around eating) compared to other parent feeding styles. Children of parents with an indulgent feeding style were also higher in weight status compared to other feeding styles. Mediation analyses revealed that satiety responsiveness and enjoyment of food mediated the relationship between parent feeding style and child BMI z-score such that children of parents with indulgent feeding styles had lessened ability to self-regulate around eating and higher BMI z-scores. Findings from this study suggest that children's ability to self-regulate eating might be an important mechanism by which parent feeding style and child weight are related to each other.


Assuntos
Comportamento Alimentar , Relações Pais-Filho , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Adulto , Idoso , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Ingestão de Alimentos , Ingestão de Energia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Percepção , Saciação , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
20.
Child Obes ; 9 Suppl: S95-102, 2013 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23944928

RESUMO

Childhood obesity is a growing problem. As more researchers become involved in the study of parenting influences on childhood obesity, there appears to be a lack of agreement regarding the most important parenting constructs of interest, definitions of those constructs, and measurement of those constructs in a consistent manner across studies. This article aims to summarize findings from a working group that convened specifically to discuss measurement issues related to parental influences on childhood obesity. Six subgroups were formed to address key measurement issues. The conceptualization subgroup proposed to define and distinguish constructs of general parenting styles, feeding styles, and food parenting practices with the goal of understanding interrelating levels of parental influence on child eating behaviors. The observational subgroup identified the need to map constructs for use in coding direct observations and create observational measures that can capture the bidirectional effects of parent-child interactions. The self-regulation subgroup proposed an operational definition of child self-regulation of energy intake and suggested future measures of self-regulation across different stages of development. The translational/community involvement subgroup proposed the involvement of community in the development of surveys so that measures adequately reflect cultural understanding and practices of the community. The qualitative methods subgroup proposed qualitative methods as a way to better understand the breadth of food parenting practices and motivations for the use of such practices. The longitudinal subgroup stressed the importance of food parenting measures sensitive to change for use in longitudinal studies. In the creation of new measures, it is important to consider cultural sensitivity and context-specific food parenting domains. Moderating variables such as child temperament and child food preferences should be considered in models.


Assuntos
Comportamento Alimentar , Alimentos , Poder Familiar , Obesidade Infantil/prevenção & controle , Projetos de Pesquisa , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Consenso , Cultura , Ingestão de Energia , Humanos , Relações Pais-Filho
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