Profile of disabilities and their associated factors in patients with type 2 diabetes evaluated by the Canadian occupational performance measure: the Rio De Janeiro type 2 diabetes cohort study.

PURPOSE: To investigate the profile of disability in patients with type 2 diabetes and to evaluate its associated variables. METHOD: The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) assessed disabilities in 475 type 2 diabetic individuals. The activities were categorised by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. The Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) was used to evaluate pain, emotional and physical functioning domains of life-quality. Multivariable logistic regression assessed the independent correlates of better/worse performance. RESULTS: Median COPM score was 4.5 (interquartile range 3-6). Problems in mobility (53.6%), self-care (21.1%) and daily-life (13.0%) were most frequently self-reported. Presence of restriction/pain in the upper limbs (odds ratio [OR]: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.11-2.47; p=0.013) and of peripheral neuropathy (OR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.06-2.53; p=0.026) were associated with greater chance of worse performance. Higher values of SF-36 in pain and emotional domains (each 10 point increase; OR: 0.92 95% CI: 0.85-0.98; p=0.011; OR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.92-1.00; p=0.063, respectively) and physical activity (OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.41-0.98; p=0.042) were associated with better performance. CONCLUSIONS: Type 2 diabetic patients frequently reported disabilities in mobility, self-care and daily-life domains; and its associated factors were the presence of depression, upper limb pain and diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Implications for Rehabilitation The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) instrument can be applied to patients with diabetes, as it identifies several disabilities, mostly in mobility, self-care and domestic life areas. Rehabilitation directed to upper limb pain/limitation and to lower limb peripheral neuropathy shall be implemented and may improve diabetic patients' performance and quality of life. A patient-centered rehabilitation strategy, guided by the COPM, may enable greater independence and autonomy, but this should be confirmed in future intervention studies.

Development of biosensor for phenolic compounds containing PPO in ß-cyclodextrin modified support and iridium nanoparticles.

A biosensor based on the iridium nanoparticles dispersed in ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (Ir-BMI·PF6) and a celery (Apium graveolens) extract as a source of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was constructed. A modified support based on ß-cyclodextrin (ß-CDEP) was used for enzyme immobilization. The behavior of phenolic compounds was investigated by square-wave voltammetry and rutin was selected by presenting the greatest signal. The best performance was obtained with a composition of 70:10:10:10% (w/w/w/w) of the graphite powder:ß-CDEP:Nujol:Ir-BMI·PF6 composition, a PPO concentration of 500unitsmL(-1), in 0.1M phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.0) with frequency, pulse amplitude and scan increment at 100Hz, 60mV, and 3.0mV, respectively. Under optimized conditions, the cathodic currents increased linearly for the rutin concentration range of 1.3×10(-7)-2.0×10(-6)M with a detection limit of 7.9×10(-8)M. This sensor demonstrated acceptable repeatability and reproducibility and the results for the rutin recovery ranged from 92.8 to 103.4%. A relative error of 0.7% was obtained in the rutin determination in simulated samples.

A novel support for laccase immobilization: cellulose acetate modified with ionic liquid and application in biosensor for methyldopa detection.

A material based on cellulose acetate (CA) and the room temperature ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BMI·N(Tf)(2)) was developed and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, electron dispersive spectroscopy and infrared analysis. Laccase (Lac) from Aspergillus oryzae was immobilized in this material to investigate the behavior of methyldopa by square-wave voltammetry. Under optimized conditions, the Lac biosensor based on CA/BMI·N(Tf)(2) exhibited an excellent electrocatalytic performance: the analytical curve showed good linear range for methyldopa concentrations from 34.8 to 370.3 µM with a detection limit of 5.5 µM. This sensor demonstrated acceptable stability (ca. 60 days; at least 350 determinations), good repeatability and reproducibility (relative standard deviations of 1.5 and 4.3%, respectively). The recovery study of methyldopa in pharmaceutical formulations ranged from 94.1 to 105.9%. The determination of this substance using the biosensor compared favorably with that using a spectrophotometry procedure at the 95% confidence level, and indicated potential application to methyldopa determination in pharmaceutical samples.