The application of the research work of James Clerk Maxwell in electromagnetics to industrial frequency problems.

Faraday's work inspired the development of electrical motors and generators. Until Maxwell pointed out the significance of Ampere's Law, there was no rigorous design method for magnetic devices. His interpretation strongly influenced the creation, by others, of the 'magnetic circuit' approach, which became the seminal design technique. This, utilizing the concept of reluctance, led to the design method for magnetic machines that is still widely in use today. The direct solution of the Maxwell equations (less the displacement current term) had to await the development of modern continuum methods to yield the field everywhere in, and around, the devices of interest, and this then permitted the application of the Maxwell stress tensor. This final refinement yielded forces and torques, and this resulted in the accurate prediction of electrical machine performance.

Evaluating alternative treatments for HIV infection.

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) offers views of disease and its treatment that may not compatible with western medicine. In this review of CAM, the authors provide a strategy by which to evaluate CAM in advanced nursing practice. The strategy is shaped by critiques of how to study CAM in light of the relationships that nurses share with their patients. Expert nursing knowledge of HIV-infected patients, in combination with acquired understandings of CAM, offer nurses additional interventions to use in the management of HIV-related symptoms.

Welfare reforms and services for children and families: setting a new practice, research, and policy agenda.

This article addresses barriers to family and community self-sufficiency. Many of these barriers have resulted from policymakers' biased definitions of self-sufficiency and related social program reforms. Social workers need to understand the worldviews and values that underlie political definitions of self-sufficiency to have a greater influence on social policy. This article describes a more appropriate definition of self-sufficiency and illustrates its usefulness with an example of community research conducted to identify social support needs. The author recommends changes in social work practice and education that can enable the profession to have a stronger influence on social policy. Finally, to achieve this social justice goal and integrate policy development into clinical and community practice, the author proposes new research and policy agendas for the profession.

Educational learning needs of ANAC members--1991.

One of the purposes of the Education Committee of ANAC is to assess the learning needs of ANAC members. In order to achieve this purpose the Educational Needs Assessment tool was developed. It was included in the July 1991 issue of ANACDOTES and sent to the 1,116 members of ANAC. One hundred and fifty-five ANAC members responded (14%) by the cut-off date of August 15th. Demographic information about the respondents was compared to demographic data about ANAC members; the top three interest and expertise areas in the primary, secondary, tertiary prevention of HIV infection categories were identified. The Educational Needs Assessment tool can be used in other settings to plan programs and identify learning needs.

Adolescent fathers in urban communities: exploring their needs and role in preventing pregnancy.

PIP: Reductions in the number of adolescent pregnancies in the US demand greater recognition of the role of adolescent males, especially in urban environments, and their developmental needs. With its person-in- environment orientation, the social work profession is in a strong position to ameliorate this gap in services. Key developmental issues for teenage males include "hanging out" with peers in networks that communicate information about social behaviors such as premarital sex, separation from one's parents, securing employment so that there can be financial independence, courtship and the consolidation of a male (e.g., macho) image, and identity formation. Since the resources necessary for positive identity formation are frequently unavailable in poor urban centers, impregnating an adolescent female may become an alternative source of self-esteem. Social workers should, with the assistance of the target population, carry out an assessment of all resources available in a given community to meet the developmental needs of adolescent males, identify significant gaps, determine the extent to which available resources are being used appropriately and develop strategies--in collaboration with young males--to provide access to existing resources or create new ones. A community forum framework has been most effective as a launching vehicle for pregnancy prevention programs.^ieng

Current practice approaches for treating the alcoholic client.

This article identifies and assesses a range of practice approaches used by mental health practitioners to work with alcoholic clients and proposes a differential intervention approach to help social workers make appropriate individual treatment plans. The model includes relevant principles for working with alcoholic clients and lists factors that social workers should consider when selecting treatment approaches for alcoholics.