[Methods for the preservation of soft tissue preparations for clinical use]. / Verfahren zur Herstellung von Weichteilpräparaten für die klinische Anwendung.

The demand for consistent supply of nonvital allogenous implants in tissue banks has the supposition for graft preservation. Besides of many logistic advantages the preservation methods are accompanied by the influence of original attributes, especially of biomechanic parameters in soft tissue preparations. A procedure of dura mater preparation, of fascia lata, tendons and skin is demonstrated which is preserving the required qualities of plasticity, softness and resistance. Biomechanic comparative investigations of other preservation procedures are done and first clinical results are demonstrated.

[A method for the preparation of demineralized bone matrix]. / Verfahren zur Präparation demineralisierter Knochenmatrix.

A procedure for preparation of a demineralized bone matrix (DBM) implant is demonstrated. The main steps of this method are refrigeration, milling/sieving, defatting, demineralization, freeze-drying and sterilization. These steps are standardized but also viable. Therefore this method is on the one hand international comparable on the other hand it creates the possibility for further investigations to improve the osteoinductive capacity of DBM.

[Relevant laboratory diagnostic methods for the evaluation of the osteoinductivity of bone matrix implants]. / Relevanz labordiagnostischer Methoden zur Bewertung der Osteoinduktivität von Knochenmatriximplantaten.

For the valuation of the osteoinductive efficacy of different bone grafts bears upon increasing the determination of the alkaline phosphatase, the content of calcium, hydroxyproline and protein. We could prove the quantitative differentiation of different prepared bone matrix implants being possible, nevertheless the histological examination is an unavoidable, full of good sense completion.

[Population genetic studies in Ethiopia: distribution of blood group polymorphisms in Amhara/Tigrai ethnic groups]. / Populationsgenetische Studien in Athiopien: Die Verteilung von Blutgruppenpolymorphismen in den Amhara/Tigrai-Ethnien.

During 1981-1982 and 1983-1984 a population-genetic study has been performed in the Amhara/Tigrai ethnic groups of Northwestern Ethiopia (Gondar). Blood group frequencies are reported for 6 systems (AB0, MNSs, Rh, P, Kell, Kidd), secretor status, haptoglobin, Gc, Gm/Km, HLA-A and -B as well as for the erythrocytic enzyme polymorphisms AcP, PGM1, ADA, EsD, GPT, AK and GLO I. The results are compared with other reports from East Africa and the Arabian peninsula. The mixed caucasoid-negroid gene pool of the Amhara/Tigrai as well as their relations with Arabia are confirmed.

[Indication for prophylactic and therapeutic thrombocyte substitution]. / Indikation zur prophylaktischen und therapeutischen Thrombozytensubstitution.

The substitution of thrombocytes is on principle indicated only when a disturbance of the formation is present. The prophylactic application, i.e. before the occurrence of a haemorrhage, which is sometimes life-limiting, is to be preferred, however, on account of the danger of sensitization it is bound to particular conditions: temporarily limited need of substitution, decreased immune reagibility of the recipient (basic disease, therapy), medico-therapeutically induced thrombocytopenia (cytostatic drugs); example: haemoblastoses. Prerequisites are subtile control of clinical effectiveness and formation of antibodies. In planned bone marrow transplantation only preparation of individual donors (not related!) with HLA-A/B match are to be used. The same is applied to already alloimmunized patients, in which case a negative lymphocytotox cross test must still be present. Patients without option to transplantation or without HLA-antibodies may receive also random preparations of individual donors or mixed preparations. AB0-minor-incompatibilities are without significance, AB0-major-incompatibilities are not permissible. The introduction of thrombocyte-specific testings is urgently to be aspired to.--Exclusively therapeutic substitution of thrombocytes, i.e. in manifest haemorrhage, is performed in a primarily not limited period of substitution, in a completely immune competent recipient with regularly low values of thrombocytes without cytoreductive therapy (example: aplastic anaemia). In these cases on account of high danger of sensitization only preparations of individual donors with HLA-A/B-match should be used. In cases of exception in thrombocytopenic, life-threatening haemorrhages on account of metabolic disturbances (immune thrombocytopenia, massive transfusions) the substitution with thrombocytic mixed concentrates is satisfied.--The substitution of thrombocytes is a common task of clinic and blood donation service, which opens new possibilities of therapy (e.g. transplantation of bone marrow).

[Thrombocyte substitution in acute leukemia. Effect of histocompatibility on the clinical efficacy]. / Thrombozytensubstitution bei akuter Leukämie. Einfluss der Histokompatibilität auf die klinische Wirksamkeit.

Thrombocyte substitution is an essential prerequisite for intensive cytoreductive therapy in acute leukemia. Evaluating 228 thrombocyte transfusions in 17 patients shows that the clinical effectiveness of thrombocyte concentrates can be increased by making the coordination of HLA antigens of donor and receiver as good as possible. When measured in the corrected increment (CI) 24 hours after transfusion, the effectiveness of A3/B1 match preparations (CI = 7.0 +/- 1.6) is significantly higher than that of random preparations (CI = 3.0 +/- 0.5). With the presence of HLA antibodies an effective substitution (CI24 greater than or equal to 4.5) can only be achieved by A3/B1 match thrombocytes. This can only be realized by applying the fourfold thrombapheresis of single donors.

[Does the HLA-system enrich our possibilities within the scope of sterility diagnosis?]. / Bereichert das HLA-System unsere Möglichkeiten im Rahmen der Sterilitäts-Diagnostik?

Since the HLA antigens were discovered there were great advances especially in organ transplantation, paternity test and human genetics. --It follows the question after the relevance of HLA antibodies as a reason for infertility. --Bachner, Stolp and coworkers estimated a high frequency of HLA antibodies in infertile women. --In contrast we found in our own investigations: 367 unselected women with undesired infertility showed HLA antibodies in none of the cases.

[Early diagnosis of spondylarthritis ankylopoietica]. / Frühdiagnostik der Spondylarthritis ankylopoetica

For the early recognition of the ankylopoietic spondylarthritis subjective and objective criteria are explained and the importance of X-ray-morphological, cytological, biochemical, immunogenetic and coagulation-physiological investigations are explained. By accentuation of two types of constellation of the course the possibility of an early diagnosis is given still before the appearance of severe irreparable X-ray-morphological changes in about half the cases of disease. Further observations and controls of courses are necessary for the confirmation of evidence.