Sedative and cardiorespiratory effects of dexmedetomidine alone or combined with acepromazine in healthy cats.

The purpose of this study was to assess sedation, emesis and cardiovascular effects of dexmedetomidine alone or combined with acepromazine in healthy cats. Fourteen male cats aged 0.9 ± 0.5 years and weighing 3.7 ± 0.7 kg were randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups: GD, dexmedetomidine 5 µg/kg; and GDA, dexmedetomidine 5 µg/kg with acepromazine 0.03 mg/kg, all intramuscularly. Measurements were recorded at baseline, at 20 minutes and then at 10-minute intervals following sedation and included heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (FR), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), rectal temperature (RT), number of episodes of emesis and sedation score (0-4). Data were compared using ANOVA for repeated measures followed by Sídák and Dunnet test. Sedation scores were compared between groups at T20 using Mann-Whitney test. Significance was considered when P <0.05. At T20, HR was significantly lower in GDA (99 ± 14 beats/min) compared with GD (133 ± 19 beats/min) and SAP was significantly lower in both groups compared with baseline (126 ± 14 vs. 148 ± 26 and 111 ± 13 vs. 144 ± 17 mmHg in GD and GDA, respectively). Duration of sedation was similar between groups, although sedation scores differed significantly at T20, with 1 (0-4) in GD and 4 (4-4) in GDA. More episodes of emesis were recorded in GD compared with GDA. The combination of dexmedetomidine and acepromazine produced more profound sedation with faster onset and lower incidence of emesis compared with dexmedetomidine alone in healthy cats.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and systemic lupus erythematosus: A case series from a university center.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are immune-mediated inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), which preferentially affect the optic nerves and the spinal cord. Anti-aquaporin 4 antibody is a specific serological marker. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a rheumatologic disease that may affect the CNS. There are several reports about the coexistence of NMOSD and autoimmune diseases, mainly those of rheumatologic origin. We describe three different cases in which SLE and NMOSD subsequently occurred, drawing attention to the clinical heterogeneity, the challenge and the importance of recognizing this possible association.

Diagnostic value of serological biomarkers for detection of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and/or advanced liver fibrosis in people living with HIV.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of serological biomarkers for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and advanced fibrosis (METAVIR-F3F4) in HIV mono-infected individuals. METHODS: In all, 674 participants from the PROSPEC-HIV study (NCT02542020), who had blood sample tests and transient elastography (TE) performed on the same day, were eligible. Exclusion criteria were viral hepatitis co-infection (n = 90), abusive alcohol intake (n = 61), missing data (n = 47) or unreliable TE (n = 39). NAFLD was defined by controlled attenuation parameter ≥ 248 dB/m and advanced fibrosis by liver stiffness measurement ≥ 8.7 kPa with M probe or ≥ 7.2 kPa with XL probe. Biomarkers for NAFLD [Steato-ELSA, Fatty Liver Index (FLI), Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI), NAFLD-Liver Fat Score (NAFLD-LFS)] and fibrosis [Fibrosis-4 score (FIB-4), Aspartate-to-Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) and NAFLD Fibrosis Score (NFS)] were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 437 patients [57% female, age = 44 (interquartile range: 35-52) years, body mass index (BMI) = 26.1 (23.4-29.3) kg/m2 , CD4 = 660 (427-901) cells/µL] were included. The prevalence [95% confidence interval (CI)] of NAFLD and advanced fibrosis were 38.2% (33.8-42.9) and 10.5% (8.0-13.8), respectively. The areas (95% CI) under the receiver operator curve (AUROCs) for diagnosis of NAFLD were 0.854 (0.818-0.889), 0.840 (0.804-0.877), 0.805 (0.762-0.847) and 0.793 (0.750-0.836) for Steato-ELSA, FLI, HSI and NAFLD-LFS (P < 0.001), respectively. All tests yielded satisfactory sensitivities, specificities and negative predictive values (NPVs). The AUROCs (95% CI) for diagnosis of advanced fibrosis were 0.736 (0.659-0.814), 0.700 (0.614-0.7851) and 0.795 (0.726-0.864) for FIB-4, APRI and NFS (P = 0.077), respectively. These tests yielded high specificities and negative predictive values (NPVs) > 90%. CONCLUSION: Biomarkers for NAFLD had a good accuracy and those for fibrosis had high specificities and NPVs. These tests should be integrated to HIV care to detect NAFLD and to exclude advanced liver fibrosis.

Electronic and magnetic properties of stoichiometric CeAuBi2.

We report the electronic and magnetic properties of stoichiometric CeAuBi2 single crystals. At ambient pressure, CeAuBi2 orders antiferromagnetically below a Néel temperature (TN ) of 19 K. Neutron diffraction experiments revealed an antiferromagnetic propagation vector τ ^ = [ 0 , 0 , 1 ∕ 2 ] , which doubles the paramagnetic unit cell along the c axis. At low temperatures several metamagnetic transitions are induced by the application of fields parallel to the c axis, suggesting that the magnetic structure of CeAuBi2 changes as a function of field. At low temperatures, a linear positive magnetoresistance may indicate the presence of band crossings near the Fermi level. Finally, the application of external pressure favors the antiferromagnetic state, indicating that the 4f electrons become more localized.

Evolution of the magnetic properties in the antiferromagnet Ce2RhIn8 simultaneously doped with Cd and Ir.

We report the evolution of the magnetic properties of Ce2Rh1-xIrxIn8-yCdy single crystals. In particular, for Ce2Rh0.5Ir0.5In8 (TN=2.0K) and Ce2Rh0.5Ir0.5In7.79Cd0.21 (TN=4.2K), we have solved the magnetic structure of these compounds using single-crystal neutron magnetic diffraction experiments. Taking the magnetic structure of the Ce2RhIn8 heavy-fermion antiferromagnet as a reference, we have identified no changes in the q=12,12,0 magnetic wave vector; however, the direction of the ordered Ce3+ moments rotates toward the ab plane, under the influence of both dopants. By constraining the analysis of the crystalline electric field (CEF) with the experimental ordered moment's direction and high-temperature magnetic-susceptibility data, we have used a mean-field model with tetragonal CEF and exchange interactions to gain insight into the CEF scheme and anisotropy of the CEF ground-state wave function when Cd and Ir are introduced into Ce2RhIn8. Consistent with previous work, we find that Cd doping in Ce2RhIn8 tends to rotate the magnetic moment toward the ab plane and lower the energy of the CEF excited states' levels. Interestingly, the presence of Ir also rotates the magnetic moment towards the ab plane although its connection to the CEF overall splitting evolution for the y = 0 samples may not be straightforward. These findings may shed light on the origin of the disordered spin-glass phase on the Ir-rich side of the phase diagram and also indicate that the Ce2MIn8 compounds may not follow exactly the same Rh-Ir CEF effects trend established for the Ce2MIn5 compounds.

Tuning the crystalline electric field and magnetic anisotropy along the CeCuBi2-xSbx series.

We have performed X-ray powder diffraction, magnetization, electrical resistivity, heat capacity and inelastic neutron scattering (INS) to investigate the physical properties of the intermetallic series of compounds CeCuBi2-xSbx. These compounds crystallize in a tetragonal structure with space group P4∕nmm and present antiferromagnetic transition temperatures ranging from 3.6 K to 16 K. Remarkably, the magnetization easy axis changed along the series, which is closely related to the variations of the tetragonal crystalline electric field (CEF) parameters. This evolution was analyzed using a mean field model, which included an anisotropic nearest-neighbor interactions and the tetragonal CEF Hamiltonian. We obtained the CEF parameters by fitting the magnetic susceptibility data with the constraints given by the INS measurements. More broadly, we discuss how this CEF evolution can affect the Kondo physics and the search for a superconducting state in this family.

Effect of different feed restriction programs on the performance and reproductive traits of broiler breeders.

The current experiment evaluated the effect of different feed restriction programs applied during rearing on the performance and reproductive traits of broiler breeder pullets reared on floor pens, isolating the birds' weight effect from the analysis. At 4 wk of age, 1,400 breeder pullets were distributed in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments: daily restriction (DAILY-every day feeding), skip-a-day restriction (SKIP-every other day feeding), 4/3 restriction (4/3-4 days feeding and 3 nonconsecutive fasting days) and 5/2 restriction (5/2-5 days feeding and 2 nonconsecutive fasting days), and 8 replicates. At 11, 18, 25, 32, and 39 wk of age, body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, carcass composition, organs relative weight (liver, fat, oviduct, and ovary stroma), egg production, and egg weight were accessed. At 32 and 39 wk, 12 eggs by experimental unit were collected and incubated to determine hatchability and fertility parameters. Body weight, carcass EE, and FCR were higher for SKIP birds when compared to other feed restriction programs. SKIP birds also showed the lowest number of eggs per bird (NEB) and % of egg production when compared to 4/3 feeding schedule, which provided higher values. Feed conversion ratio per egg mass (FCEM) was also higher in 4/3 schedule in relation to SKIP birds. In regard to incubation parameters, 5/2 treatment showed higher values for hatchability (HAT) and fertility (FERT), similar to results of 4/3 and DAILY treatments, while SKIP birds showed the lowest. In conclusion, 4/3 and 5/2 feeding programs showed best results and should be used by broiler breeder producers to control pullets' body weight. Therefore, the higher number of eggs produced with less feed and statistically not different fertility and hatchability between programs obtained in this study suggest the 4/3 program could be more efficient than 5/2 program. Body weight'|'s effect isolation was important to analyze the effect of feed restriction program per se, and should be applied in future approaches.

Correlation between plaque control and gingival health using short and extended oral hygiene intervals.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the correlation between dental plaque formation and gingival health in subjects performing high oral hygiene standards over short or extended intervals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-two non-dental students volunteered for this study. The subjects, trained to perform high oral hygiene standards, were randomized to perform oral hygiene at 12-, 24-, 48-, or 72-h interval over 30 days. The plaque index (PlI) and the gingival index (GI) were evaluated at baseline, 15, and 30 days. For the statistical analysis, oral hygiene intervals were collapsed into daily (12 and 24 h; G12/24) and extended (48 and 72 h; G48/72) intervals. Summary statistics (mean ± SD) and Spearman correlations between the PlI and the GI at baseline, 15, and 30 days were estimated. RESULTS: At baseline, correlation coefficients between PlI and GI were positive for both groups (r = 0.29 and r = 0.25). At day 15 and 30, correlation was maintained with similar baseline values for the G48/72 group. GI levels did not increase despite an increase in PlI for the G12/24 group, and the correlation was lower than that observed at baseline (r = 0.13 vs. r = 0.29). CONCLUSIONS: In subjects with high oral hygiene standards, the oral hygiene frequency governs the correlation between dental plaque formation and gingival health. Subjects performing high oral hygiene standards at daily intervals will maintain gingival health in difference to subjects using extended hygiene intervals. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Subjects performing high oral hygiene standards at daily intervals will maintain gingival health in difference to subjects using extended hygiene intervals.

Forestier syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea: Surgical treatment.

INTRODUCTION: We report a case of obstructive sleep apnea that occurred as a result of Forestier disease and describe the surgical treatment that was performed. SUMMARY: The patient is a 56-year-old man who presented dysphagia for solids and liquids, snoring (score 10) and excessive daytime sleepiness for 5 years. On fiber optic laryngoscopy examination, there was interarytenoid edema and protrusion of the posterior wall of the larynx. The cervical X-Ray showed protrusion of intervertebral disc between C3-C5 (skeletal hyperostosis) and the polysomnography revealed apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of 56 events/h. Surgery was performed by the otorhinolaryngology and orthopedic teams. The patient evolved with complete symptom resolution and an AHI of 3,9 events/h on the control polysomnography. DISCUSSIONS: This is the first reported case of Forestier Syndrome (FS) associated with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) that was proposed surgical treatment and the patient evolved with complete symptom improvement.

Validação do Nanolipe ® como método para determinar a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes pelos equinos / Validation of Nanolipe ® as method to assess the apparent digestibility of nutrients on horses

O NANOLIPE® é o indicador de digestibilidade LIPE® com incorporação de nano partículas que se misturam de forma mais homogênea e rápida na digesta, permitindo redução do período de adaptação e maiores taxas de recuperação daquele quando comparado com outros indicadores usados em equinos. Objetivou-se neste trabalho comparar a digestibilidade dos nutrientes de dieta em equinos obtida pelo método padrão (coleta total de fezes - CTF), estimada por dois indicadores internos (fibra em detergente ácido indigestível - FDAi; lignina Klason - LK) e por indicador externo NANOLIPE®, visando à validação deste último para uso na nutrição equina. Em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, oito éguas Mangalarga Marchador adultas (média de 380kg PV) foram usadas para avaliação dos tratamentos (CTF, FDAi, LK, NANOLIPE®). A dieta foi composta por 1,5% PV de feno de coast cross, 1,0% PV de concentrado comercial com 13% PB, dividido em dois tratos diários fornecidos às oito e às 17h, além de água e sal mineral à vontade. O experimento teve duração de 13 dias, sendo os oito iniciais para adaptação à dieta e ao manejo e os cinco finais para coleta de fezes. O NANOLIPE® foi fornecido no terceiro e quarto dias da coleta de fezes, sendo administrado uma vez por dia, por meio de cápsulas de 0,25g/animal/dia via oral. Houve diferença (P<0,05) entre os valores de produção fecal estimados pela FDAi (0,86kg MS) e LK (0,60kg MS) em comparação aos observados na CTF (2,16kg MS) e NANOLIPE® (2,17kg MS), com sub ou superestimação dos coeficientes de digestibilidade da MS, FDN, FDA, HEM, ED, MO e PB estimados pelos indicadores internos. O NANOLIPE® obteve alta taxa de recuperação (100,46%) e os coeficientes de digestibilidade de todos nutrientes foram semelhantes aos obtidos pela CTF. O indicador NANOLIPE® foi eficiente para estimativa da produção fecal e digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes da dieta em equinos, quando fornecido por dois dias, sendo uma aplicação diária e com início da coleta de fezes, 24 horas após sua administração.(AU)

NANOLIPE® is the LIPE®digestibility indicator incorporating nano particles that blend more smoothly and quickly in digesta, allowing reduction of the induction period, and higher recovery rates that compared with other indicators used in horses. The objective of this work was to compare the digestibility of the diet of nutrients in horses obtained by standard method (total collection of feces - TCF) and estimated by two internal indicators ( Klason Lignin - KL and indigestible Acid Detergent Fiber.- iADF) ) and external indicator NANOLIPE®, aiming to validate the latter for use in equine nutrition. In a randomized block design, eight Mangalarga Marchador adult mares were used to evaluate treatments (CBC, iADF, LK, NANOLIPE®). The diet was composed of 1.5% PV hay Coast Cross, 1.0% PV of commercial concentrate, divided into two daily treatment.. The trial lasted 13 days, with 8 adaptation to the diet and the handling and 5 for the experimental procedures. In the first five days of the experimental period total feces was collected and in the 3th and 4th day the animals received NANOLIPE® administered once a day through capsules of 0.25 g / animal / day orally. Using the method of TFC as standart, the Klason Lignin and iADF proved inadequate (P<0,05) and NANOLIPE® was considered efficient (P>0,05) for estimating the digestibility of nutrients in the equine species. There were differences (P <0.05) between fecal production values estimated by iADF (0.86 kg DM) and LK (0.60 kg DM) compared to those observed in CTF (2.16 kg DM) and NANOLIPE® (2.17 kg DM) with under- or overestimation of the digestibility of DM, NDF, ADF, HEM, ED, OM and CP estimated by internal indicators. The NANOLIPE® got high recovery rate (100.46%) and the digestibility coefficients of all nutrients were similar to those obtained by the CTF. The NANOLIPE® indicator was efficient to estimate fecal output and apparent digestibility of dietary nutrients in horses when provided for two days, with a daily application and start collecting feces 24 hours after administration.(AU)

Genetic Diversity in Nannotrigona testaceicornis (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Aggregations in Southeastern Brazil.

The Meliponini, also known as stingless bees, are distributed in tropical and subtropical areas of the world and plays an essential role in pollinating many wild plants and crops These bees can build nests in cavities of trees or walls, underground or in associations with ants or termites; interestingly, these nests are sometimes found in aggregations. In order to assess the genetic diversity and structure in aggregates of Nannotrigona testaceicornis (Lepeletier), samples of this species were collected from six aggregations and genetically analyzed for eight specific microsatellite loci. We observed in this analysis that the mean genetic diversity value among aggregations was 0.354, and the mean expected and observed heterozygosity values was 0.414 and 0.283, respectively. The statistically significant Fis value indicated an observed heterozygosity lower than the expected heterozygosity in all loci studied resulting in high homozygosis level in these populations. In addition, the low number of private alleles observed reinforces the absence of structuring that is seen in the aggregates. These results can provide relevant information about genetic diversity in aggregations of N. testaceicornis and contribute to the management and conservation of these bees' species that are critical for the pollination process.

Avaliação da atividade angiogênica da solução aquosa do barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens) / Angiogenic activity of the aqueous solution of Barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens)

RESUMO O Barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens) planta medicinal encontrada no bioma Cerrado apresenta propriedades físico-químicas que lhe garante importantes atividades farmacológicas tais como: anti-inflamatória, analgésica e uma atividade protetora da mucosa gástrica. A casca do tronco é a principal matéria-prima usada para o desenvolvimento de produtos medicinais. Neste estudo, o objetivo foi investigar a influência da solução aquosa da casca do barbatimão no processo de formação de vasos sanguíneos na membrana corioalontoide de ovo embrionado de galinha. Foram utilizadas 30g da casca triturada em um litro de água. Este processo permitiu a obtenção da Solução Aquosa de Barbatimão - SAB em uma concentração de 30mg/mL. A atividade angiogênica da solução aquosa do barbatimão foi avaliada mediante realização de testes laboratoriais “in vivo”, utilizando como modelo experimental a membrana do ovo embrionado de galinha (MCA). Utilizou-se como controle indutor o Regederm®, o qual apresenta atividade angiogênica conhecida. Os resultados demonstraram que a SAB apresentou um percentual de vascularização na MCA de (50.4%) não tendo diferença (p>0,05) aos valores detectados no controle indutor (52,9%). Com os resultados obtidos, percebe-se que o barbatimão apresenta atividade angiogênica no modelo experimental utilizado.

ABSTRACT The Barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens) medicinal plant found in the Cerrado biome has physicochemical properties which guarantee important pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatic, analgesic and protective activities of gastric mucosa. The bark of the trunk is the main raw material used for the development of medicinal products. In this study, the objective was to investigate the influence of the aqueous solution of barbatimão bark in the formation of blood vessels in the membrane of embryonated chicken egg corioalontoid. 30g of shredded bark was used in one liter of water. This process enabled the obtention of aqueous Barbatimão - BSA at a concentration of 30mg / ml. The angiogenic activity of the aqueous solution of barbatimão was assessed by laboratory testing “in vivo”, using the chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated chicken egg (MCA) as an experimental model. TheRegederm® controlinductor was used, which exhibits known angiogenic activity. The results showed that the percentage of BSA showed a vascularization of the MCA (50.4%) there was no difference (p> 0.05) in the values detected in the control inductor (52.9%). With the obtained results, it is clear that barbatimão shows angiogenic activity under the experimental model used.

Angiogenic activity of latex from Euphorbia tirucalli Linnaeus 1753 (Plantae, Euphorbiaceae).

To assess the pro-angiogenic activity of Euphorbia tirucalli, commonly known as "avelós" plant, we performed a series of tests by applying an aqueous E. tirucalli latex solution (10 mg/mL) to the chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs) of 80 fertilized chicken eggs incubated in a temperature- and humidity-controlled automatic incubator. The results indicated that the aqueous latex solution increased vascular network formation compared to that with the negative control (p < 0.05) and the inhibitor control (p < 0.05). This suggests that under the experimental conditions tested, the aqueous latex solution induced an inflammatory response leading to neoangiogenesis.

Analysis of the GSTM1-null polymorphism in patients with pterygium from Goiânia, Goiás Brazil.

The first reports about pterygium date back to Hippocrates, and this disease still threatens vision health around the world. Pterygium is a formation of fibrous tissue consisting of highly vascularized epithelial and subepithelial tissue that grows excessively and with an abnormal shape on the cornea. Many physical and biological factors are associated with the pathogenesis of pterygium, including heat, dust, and other particles in the atmosphere, and immunological mechanisms, mechanisms involving extracellular matrix reorganization, growth factors, cytokines, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to further investigate the association between polymorphisms in GSTM1 and the formation of pterygium. We collected peripheral blood samples from 90 patients diagnosed with pterygium and from 23 subjects with-out the disease in order to perform molecular analysis of the GSTM1 gene. Subjects with one or two copies of the GSTM1 allele had a normal genotype while those without any copies of the allele had a null geno-type. The chi-square test or the Fisher exact test was performed in order to investigate possible associations between the molecular analysis and the risk of pterygium. A significant difference between the frequency of the GSTM1-null genotype in patient and control groups was identified. However, sub-group analysis found that the GSTM1-null genotype was statistically significant in men, but not in women, and in Caucasians, but not in Brown or Black groups. Furthermore, the GSTM1-null geno-type was not related to any of the risk factors analyzed: cases in family, occupational exposure, smoking, hypertension, and diabetes.

Pterygium in patients from Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.

Pterygium is an inflammatory and degenerative ocular surface disease in which the conjunctiva on the cornea grows to form a fibrous tissue in the shape of a triangle. The disorder may be characterized by cell proliferation, inflammatory processes, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and destruction of the extracellular matrix. The anomaly is considered a degenerative eye disease and is erroneously confused with cataract. It displays similar features to those of tumors, such as local invasion, metaplasia of epithelial cells, presence of oncogenic viruses (human papilloma virus), inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (e.g., p53), and loss of heterozygosity. The treatment of pterygium is based on factors such as the evolution and progression of the disease, risk factors, symptoms, and patient age. Considerations about the best technique for the surgical removal of pterygium remain controversial, and complications and recurrence are very common. The development of new surgical techniques and adjuvant drugs is thus necessary. This study aims to analyze and compare the frequency of the GSTT1 genotypes in relation to pterygium through statistical analyzes in order to build a genotypic profile for the Replicon patients. The genotypic profile of the GSTT1-null polymorphism in Goiânia showed no significant difference when the frequency of the null genotype was compared between the control and experimental groups. The null genotype was more frequent in the population studied. Furthermore, the GSTT1 genotype was not related to the analyzed risk factors for pterygium, namely gender, ethnicity, family history, occupational exposure, smoking, hypertension, and diabetes.

The effect of intrauterine infusion of dextrose on clinical endometritis cure rate and reproductive performance of dairy cows.

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the intrauterine administration use of 200 mL of 50% dextrose solution as a treatment against clinical endometritis (CE); CE cure rate and reproductive performance were evaluated. Additionally, the association of several relevant risk factors, such as retained placenta (RP), metritis, CE, anovulation, hyperketonemia, and body condition score with reproductive performance, early embryonic mortality, and CE were evaluated. A total of 1,313 Holstein cows housed on 4 commercial dairy farms were enrolled in the study. At 7±3 DIM cows were examined for metritis and had blood collected to determine serum ß-hydroxybutyrate concentration. To determine if cows had ovulated at least once before 44±3 DIM, the presence of a corpus luteum was evaluated by ovarian ultrasonography at 30±3 DIM and at 44±3 DIM. At 30±3 DIM, CE was diagnosed using the Metricheck device (SimcroTech, Hamilton, New Zealand); cows with purulent or mucopurulent vaginal discharge were diagnosed as having CE. Cows diagnosed with CE (n=175) were randomly allocated into 2 treatment groups: treatment (intrauterine infusion of 200 mL of 50% dextrose) or control (no infusion). Clinical endometritis cows were re-evaluated as described above at 44±3 DIM, and cows that were free of purulent or mucopurulent vaginal discharge were considered cured. Intrauterine infusion of dextrose tended to have a detrimental effect on CE cure rate, and treatment did not have an effect on first-service conception rate and early embryonic mortality. A multivariable Cox's proportional hazard model was performed to evaluate the effect of several variables on reproductive performance; the variables RP, CE, parity, anovulation, and the interaction term between parity and anovulation were associated with hazard of pregnancy. Cows that did not have RP or CE were more likely to conceive than cows that were diagnosed with RP or CE. Cows that had RP were at 3.36 times higher odds of losing their pregnancy than cows that did not have RP. In addition, cows diagnosed with CE were at 2.16 higher odds of losing their pregnancy than cows without CE. In conclusion, intrauterine infusion of 200 mL of 50% dextrose solution as a treatment for CE had a strong statistical tendency to decrease CE cure rate, did not improve first-service conception rate and early embryonic mortality, and did not decrease calving-to-conception interval.

Brazilian nursing history on the shoulders of giants.

BACKGROUND: This study describes the route followed by nursing in Brazil, through the foundation of nursing organizations and the emergence of nursing leaders and pioneers. AIM: To present the origins of modern nursing in Brazil, identifying the main nurse-leaders and analysing their performance for the creation and consolidation of the nursing organizations. METHODS: It is a historical and social study with descriptive approach, to describe the process of Brazilian nursing professionalization and leadership through a literature review. RESULTS: The oldest nursing organization is the Brazilian Nursing Association that holds scientific and cultural activities. There are also nurses' unions and nursing specialty associations, such as the Brazilian Academy for the History of Nursing, and the Federal Nursing Council. The latter has compulsory membership for controlling nursing services according to the qualifications of the personnel. The very first school for nurses in the Nightingale system was created in São Paulo, 1894, at the Samaritan Hospital, and by the government in 1923, in Rio de Janeiro, for which American nurses, led by Ethel Parsons, sponsored by the Rockefeller Foundation, were essential for the creation of the Anna Nery Nursing School, still in operation within a federal university. Some nurses pioneered these works such as Edith Fraenkel, Maria Rosa Pinheiro, Amalia Carvalho and others. CONCLUSION: The work done by nursing leaders has brought to the profession a better status and made it more recognized by the society.

Ovariossalpingo-histerectomia em cadelas: comparação da dor e análises cardiorrespiratória, pressórica e hemogasométrica nas abordagens convencional, por NOTES híbrida e NOTES total / Ovariosalpingohisterectomy in bitches: comparison of pain, cardiopulmonary, pressure and arterial blood gas analysis of the conventional approaches, by NOTES hybrid and NOTES pure

A cirurgia endoscópica por orifícios naturais (NOTES) é um novo conceito de abordagem videocirúrgica, que surge como alternativa à cirurgia convencional, eliminando incisões abdominais e as possíveis complicações relacionadas a ela. A proposta deste artigo foi comparar técnicas de ovariossalpingo-histerectomia (OSH) em cadelas, buscando determinar o procedimento que oferece menores alterações hemodinâmicas e menos estímulos dolorosos trans e pós-operatório. Para tanto, foram utilizadas 21 cadelas alocadas em três grupos. No primeiro, os pacientes foram submetidos à OSH por celiotomia (GC), no segundo por meio da técnica de NOTES híbrida (GNH) e no terceiro (GNT), utilizando-se a técnica de NOTES total. O tempo cirúrgico do GNH foi significativamente maior que nos demais grupos. Em ambos os grupos de cirurgia NOTES, verificou-se diminuição das pressões arteriais médias e diastólicas no transoperatório. Apenas o grupo GNH desenvolveu acidose severa no transoperatório. Levando-se em consideração as avaliações da dor, apenas o grupo convencional necessitou de analgesia resgate transcirúrgica. No pós-operatório, observou-se que os cães do GC apresentaram índices mais elevados na escala visual analógica e na escala de Melbourne que os animais dos demais grupos, sendo necessária analgesia resgate em 100% deles. Em contraste, no GNT nenhum dos cães requereram complementação analgésica pós-operatória. Conclui-se que a técnica de OSH por NOTES total apresenta parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios e hemogasométricos semelhantes à técnica convencional e mais estáveis que a técnica de NOTES híbrida, bem como resulta em menor dor trans e pós-operatória que a técnica convencional...

The aim of the present study was to perform bacteriological and molecular methods for identification of Mycobacterium bovis in lesions derived from bovine carcasses detected during routine post-mortem examination in officially inspected slaughterhouses. We checked the slaughter and inspection of 825,394 bovines, health upon ante-mortem examination, by the official service in 10 slaughterhouses of Bahia state from April, 2009 to April 2012. Lesions suggestive of tuberculosis were collected from 180 bovines and further evaluated by bacteriology and multiplex PCR. The majority of lesions were located in the respiratory tract lymph nodes and 71% were from male bovines up to 32 months old. 13.9% of samples presented small, granular and creamy-yellowish colonies after being cultured in Stonebrink-Leslie with an average growth time of 34 days. All smears from the isolated samples were Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) and among them 56% were identified by mPCR as M. bovis. Thus, the association between post-mortem examination, culture and multiplex PCR allowed the bacillus identification in a reduced time and in regions of low prevalence, pointing out its importance for bovine tuberculosis detection and as a supportive tool for the tuberculosis control and eradication program...

Mother-to-Child Transmission of Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Viruses-1/2: What We Know, and What Are the Gaps in Understanding and Preventing This Route of Infection.

Although human T-cell lymphotropic viruses (HTLV-1/2) were described over 30 years ago, they are relatively unknown to the public and even to healthcare personnel. Although HTLV-1 is associated with severe illnesses, these occur in only approximately 10% of infected individuals, which may explain the lack of public knowledge about them. However, cohort studies are showing that a myriad of other disease manifestations may trouble infected individuals and cause higher expenditures with healthcare. Testing donated blood for HTLV-1/2 started soon after reliable tests were developed, but unfortunately testing is not available for women during prenatal care. Vertical transmission can occur before or after birth of the child. Before birth, it occurs transplacentally or by transfer of virus during cesarean delivery, but these routes of infection are rare. After childbirth, viral transmission occurs during breastfeeding and increases with longer breastfeeding and high maternal proviral load. Unlike the human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2, HTLV is transmitted primarily through breastfeeding and not transplacentally or during delivery. In this study, we review what is currently known about HTLV maternal transmission, its prevention, and the gaps still present in the understanding of this process.