Effects of different calcium-silicate based materials on fracture resistance of immature permanent teeth with replacement root resorption and osteoclastogenesis.

Objectives: This study evaluated the effects of Biodentine (BD), Bio-C Repair (BCR), and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) plug on the fracture resistance of simulated immature teeth with replacement root resorption (RRR) and in vitro-induced osteoclastogenesis. Materials and Methods: Sixty bovine incisors simulating immature teeth and RRR were divided into 5 groups: BD and BCR groups, with samples completely filled with the respective materials; MTA group, which utilized a 3-mm apical MTA plug; RRR group, which received no root canal filling; and normal periodontal ligament (PL) group, which had no RRR and no root canal filling. All the teeth underwent cycling loading, and compression strength testing was performed using a universal testing machine. RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with 1:16 extracts of BD, BCR, and MTA containing receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) for 5 days. RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation was assessed by staining with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. The fracture load and osteoclast number were analyzed using 1-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Results: No significant difference in fracture resistance was observed among the groups (p > 0.05). All materials similarly inhibited osteoclastogenesis (p > 0.05), except for BCR, which led to a lower percentage of osteoclasts than did MTA (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The treatment options for non-vital immature teeth with RRR did not strengthen the teeth and promoted a similar resistance to fractures in all cases. BD, MTA, and BCR showed inhibitory effects on osteoclast differentiation, with BCR yielding improved results compared to the other materials.

Associations between Anxiety, Depression, Chronic Pain and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life, Happiness, and Polymorphisms in Adolescents' Genes.

Adolescence is marked by changes and vulnerability to the emergence of psychological problems. This study aimed to investigate associations between anxiety/depression/chronic pain and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL)/happiness/polymorphisms in the COMT, HTR2A and FKBP5 genes in Brazilian adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted with ninety adolescents 13 to 18 years. Anxiety, depression and chronic pain were evaluated using the RDC/TMD. The Oral Health Impact Profile was used to assess oral OHRQoL. The Subjective Happiness Scale was used to assess happiness. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in COMT (rs165656, rs174675), HTR2A (rs6313, rs4941573) and FKBP5 (rs1360780, rs3800373) were genotyped using the Taqman® method. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed (p < 0.05). Chronic pain and depression were associated with feelings of happiness (p < 0.05). A significant inverse association was found between anxiety and OHRQoL (p = 0.004). The presence of minor allele C of COMT rs174675 was significantly associated with depression (p = 0.040). Brazilian adolescents with depression and chronic pain considers themselves to be less happy than others and those with anxiety are more likely to have a negative impact on OHRQoL. Moreover, the rs174675 variant allele in the COMT gene was associated with depressive symptoms in Brazilian adolescents.

Calcium-doped zinc oxide nanocrystals as an innovative intracanal medicament: a pilot study.

Objectives: This study investigated the cytotoxicity, radiopacity, pH, and dentinal tubule penetration of a paste of 1.0% calcium-doped zinc oxide nanocrystals (ZnO:1.0Ca) combined with propylene glycol (PRG) or polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol (PEG-PRG). Materials and Methods: The pastes were prepared by mixing calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] or ZnO:1.0Ca with PRG or a PEG-PRG mixture. The pH was evaluated after 24 and 96 hours of storage in deionized water. Digital radiographs were acquired for radiopacity analysis and bubble counting of each material. The materials were labeled with 0.1% fluorescein and applied to root canals, and images of their dentinal tubule penetration were obtained using confocal laser scanning microscopy. RAW264.7 macrophages were placed in different dilutions of culture media previously exposed to the materials for 24 and 96 hours and tested for cell viability using the MTT assay. Analysis of variance and the Tukey test (α = 0.05) were performed. Results: ZnO:1.0Ca materials showed lower viability at 1:1 and 1:2 dilutions than Ca(OH)2 materials (p < 0.0001). Ca(OH)2 had higher pH values than ZnO:1.0Ca at 24 and 96 hours, regardless of the vehicle (p < 0.05). ZnO:1.0Ca pastes showed higher radiopacity than Ca(OH)2 pastes (p < 0.01). No between-material differences were found in bubble counting (p = 0.0902). The ZnO:1.0Ca pastes had a greater penetration depth than Ca(OH)2 in the apical third (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: ZnO:1.0Ca medicaments presented higher penetrability, cell viability, and radiopacity than Ca(OH)2. Higher values of cell viability and pH were present in Ca(OH)2 than in ZnO:1.0Ca.

Temporomandibular Disorders are Associated with Sociodemographic Factors, Health-Related and Oral Conditions in Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Objective: To assess the association between temporomandibular disorder (TMD) with sociodemographic factors, health-related factors, and oral conditions in adolescents. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was developed with 89 adolescents between 13 to 18 years. TMD diagnosis was obtained by the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disease (RDC/TMD) Axis I. Diagnoses of chronic pain, depression, presence of non-specific physical symptoms, including pain and anxiety, were obtained by the RDC/TMD Axis II. The feeling of happiness was measured by the Subjective Happiness Scale. Socio-economic and demographic characteristics were collected through self-administered questionnaires. Patients were examined for dental caries, dental trauma, malocclusion, and tooth wear. Parents answered a sociodemographic, economic, and general health questionnaire. Data were submitted to descriptive statistics, and a logistic regression model was used to assess the association between TMD and the socio-economic, demographic, health-related, and clinical variables. Results: TMD prevalence was 42%. TMD was associated to skin color (p=0.040), use of medications in the past year (p = 0.020) and previous dental trauma (p=0.030). Also, it tended to be associated with the presence of probable awake bruxism (p=0.053). Conclusion: Sociodemographic factors, health-related factors, and oral conditions play a role in TMD, with nonwhite adolescents, those who had used medications in the past year and/or had previous dental trauma having a greater chance of present this disorder (AU).

Evaluation of the histological and immunohistochemical subtype of breast cancer patients from a referral hospital in the inland of the state of São Paulo

Introduction: The immunohistochemical markers used in breast cancer cases allow the classification of tumors into four subtypes: luminal A (1), luminal B (2), HER2 positive (3), and triple-negative or basal-like (4). This study aimed to evaluate the histological and immunohistochemical profile of breast cancer patients from a referral hospital in the inland of the state of São Paulo and understand the particularities of the prognosis based on the tumor-node-metastasis staging. Methods: This retrospective observational epidemiological cohort study was carried out at Hospital Regional de Presidente Prudente, with the first half of 2020 as the time frame. The research target population was women diagnosed with breast cancer who underwent immunohistochemical examination. We excluded patients with breast carcinoma in situ and incomplete medical records, which made data analysis impossible. After classifying the cases into four molecular subtypes based on immunohistochemistry, identifying the histological grade, and verifying the pathological staging criteria, we gathered the data and addressed the pathological-prognostic staging to investigate the prognosis of each patient. Results: We analyzed 49 patients with a complete immunohistochemical profile. Among them, luminal A (44.9%) was the most prevalent molecular subtype, followed by luminal B (36.7%). The least prevalent subtypes were triple-negative (16.8%) and HER2 (2%). Pathological-prognostic staging was possible in 73.5% of cases. Conclusions: The molecular subtype is important for tumor evaluation and has direct implications for the staging of breast cancer patients.

Biological parameters, discolouration and radiopacity of calcium silicate-based materials in a simulated model of partial pulpotomy.

AIM: To analyse the discolouration, radiopacity, pH and calcium ion release of Biodentine (BD), Bio-C repair (BCR) and Bio-C temp (BCT), as well as their biological effects on human dental pulp cells (hDPCs). METHODOLOGY: Sixty-four extracted bovine incisors were prepared to simulate crown fractures with pulp exposure and open root apex. The roots were filled using a mixture of agar and blood (control), and BD, BCR or BCT were placed over this mixture. Colour assessment analyses of the samples were performed before and immediately after material insertion and repeated at 30 and 90 days, using a spectrophotometer. The colour change of each specimen was evaluated at the crown and calculated based on the CIELab colour space. Digital radiographs were acquired for radiopacity analysis. hDPCs were placed in contact with different dilutions of culture media previously exposed to such materials and tested for cell viability using the MTT assay. The pH and calcium ion release of all materials were measured after 24 h; the data were assessed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Cell viability was analysed by two-way ANOVA. Differences in colour parameters and wound-healing data were assessed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA (α = 0.05). Tukey's and Dunnett's tests were used to compare the experimental groups with the control group. RESULTS: BCR had grater radiopacity and smaller colour alteration (ΔEab/ΔE00) than the other materials tested (p < .005; p < .001). No significant differences in pH were found amongst the tested materials (p > .05). BCT was associated with the largest release of calcium ions (p < .0001). BD had cell viability similar to that of the control at the lowest dilutions, and BCR was similar to that of the control, regardless of the dilution tested (p > .05). BCT had a lower percentage of viability than that of the control at all tested dilutions (p < .0001). Cell migration rates in BD and BCR were similar to those in the control group after 24 h and 48 h (p > .05), whilst BCT had larger voids than the control in both periods (p < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: BCR, BCT and BD were associated with tooth discolouration. BCR had the lowest staining values, the highest radiopacity and viability greater than 80% hDPCs.

The Top 100 Most-Cited Papers in Cariology: A Bibliometric Analysis.

A highly cited paper is seen as a landmark in any field and can influence both research and clinical practice. This study aimed to quali-quantitatively analyze the 100 most-cited papers in Cariology. A search strategy was first determined using specific keywords related to the field. A comprehensive search was then conducted in the Thompson Reuters Web of Science citation indexing database up to April 2019. Papers focused on any aspect of Cariology were included. A panel of 4 researchers conducted the selection of papers and extracted data on the number of citations, title, authors, country, year, journals, study design, and topic of interest. Scopus and Google Scholar were also searched to compare the number of citations. The VOSviewer software was used to generate bibliometric networks. The number of citations among the top 100 most-cited papers ranged from 168 to 1,961 with a mean of 292,66. Three papers had more than 1,000 citations. The Journal of Dental Research (20%) and Caries Research (17%) had more top papers. The oldest and the most recent papers were published in 1960 and 2015. Literature reviews (35%) and laboratorial studies (31%) were the most common study designs. The countries with the highest number of most-cited papers were the USA (40%), Sweden (10%), and Japan (9%). The most studied fields of interest were etiology/pathogenesis (41%) and prevention (20%). VOSviewer maps revealed collaborative networks between countries and organizations. The top 100 most-cited papers in Cariology were published mainly by European and Anglo-Saxon American authors and were composed mainly of literature reviews with etiology/pathogenesis as the most frequent topic of interest.

Postoperative analgesic effects of Reiki therapy in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy / Efeito analgésico pós-operatório da terapia Reiki em cadelas submetidas a ovariohisterectomia

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Reiki therapy on postoperative pain in bitches undergoing elective minimally invasive ovariohysterectomy (OVH). Thirty bitches were randomly assigned to three groups: Control, Placebo, or Reiki. All dogs received methadone as preanesthetic medication (PAM), meloxicam in the preoperative period, propofol for anesthetic induction, and isoflurane for anesthetic maintenance. Immediately after OVH, the dogs in the Reiki were submitted to a single session of Reiki therapy, dogs in the Placebo received simulated Reiki therapy from a non-therapist, and dogs in the Control received no treatment. All dogs were evaluated for pain using short-form Glasgow composite measure pain scale (CMPS-SF) and visual analog scale (VAS) before (M0) and 2 (M2), 4 (M4), 8 (M8), 12 (M12), and 24 hours (M24) after administration of PAM. Comparing the CMPS-SF scores between the groups, at M2 Reiki scores were lower than those of the Placebo and at M4 those in the Reiki were lower than those of the Control or Placebo groups. Comparing the VAS scores, at M4 and M8, Reiki scores were lower than those of the Control or Placebo groups. Additional analgesia (morphine 0.2 mg.kg-1 intramuscularly) was administered to three bitches in Control and to four bitches of the Placebo. Reiki did not require additional opioid analgesia in the postoperative period. It was concluded that Reiki therapy provided analgesic effect and contributed to improve postoperative comfort of bitches submitted to elective OVH.

RESUMO: Este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da terapia Reiki na dor do período pós-operatório de cadelas submetidas à ovariohisterectomia (OVH) eletiva pelo método minimamente invasivo com gancho. Para isso, foram utilizadas 30 cadelas alocadas aleatoriamente em três grupos experimentais: Controle, Placebo e Reiki. Todos os animais receberam metadona como medicação pré-anestésica (MPA), meloxicam, propofol na indução anestésica e isofluorano na manutenção anestésica. Imediatamente após a OVH, os animais do Reiki foram submetidos a uma única sessão de Reiki, os animais do Placebo receberam uma simulação da terapia Reiki por um indivíduo não terapeuta e os animais do Controle não receberam nenhum tratamento. Os animais foram avaliados por meio da forma curta da escala de dor de Glasgow (CMPS-SF) e da escala visual analógica (EVA) antes da administração da MPA (M0) e 2h (M2), 4h (M4), 8h (M8), 12h (M12) e 24h (M24) após a MPA. Comparando-se os valores obtidos pela CMPS-SF, em M2, os valores do Reiki foram menores que do Placebo e, em M4, os valores do Reiki foram menores que do Controle e do Placebo. Observando-se os dados obtidos com a EVA, em M4 e M8, os valores do Reiki foram menores que do Controle e do Placebo. Foi administrada analgesia adicional (0,2 mg.kg-1 de morfina por via intramuscular) em três animais do Controle e em quatro animais do Placebo. Os animais do Reiki não necessitaram de analgesia adicional no período pós-operatório. Concluiu-se que a terapia Reiki contribuiu com a analgesia e o conforto pós-operatório de cadelas submetidas à OVH eletiva.

Postoperative analgesic effects of Reiki therapy in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy / Efeito analgésico pós-operatório da terapia Reiki em cadelas submetidas a ovariohisterectomia

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Reiki therapy on postoperative pain in bitches undergoing elective minimally invasive ovariohysterectomy (OVH). Thirty bitches were randomly assigned to three groups: Control, Placebo, or Reiki. All dogs received methadone as preanesthetic medication (PAM), meloxicam in the preoperative period, propofol for anesthetic induction, and isoflurane for anesthetic maintenance. Immediately after OVH, the dogs in the Reiki were submitted to a single session of Reiki therapy, dogs in the Placebo received simulated Reiki therapy from a non-therapist, and dogs in the Control received no treatment. All dogs were evaluated for pain using short-form Glasgow composite measure pain scale (CMPS-SF) and visual analog scale (VAS) before (M0) and 2 (M2), 4 (M4), 8 (M8), 12 (M12), and 24 hours (M24) after administration of PAM. Comparing the CMPS-SF scores between the groups, at M2 Reiki scores were lower than those of the Placebo and at M4 those in the Reiki were lower than those of the Control or Placebo groups. Comparing the VAS scores, at M4 and M8, Reiki scores were lower than those of the Control or Placebo groups. Additional analgesia (morphine 0.2 mg.kg-1 intramuscularly) was administered to three bitches in Control and to four bitches of the Placebo. Reiki did not require additional opioid analgesia in the postoperative period. It was concluded that Reiki therapy provided analgesic effect and contributed to improve postoperative comfort of bitches submitted to elective OVH.

Este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da terapia Reiki na dor do período pós-operatório de cadelas submetidas à ovariohisterectomia (OVH) eletiva pelo método minimamente invasivo com gancho. Para isso, foram utilizadas 30 cadelas alocadas aleatoriamente em três grupos experimentais: Controle, Placebo e Reiki. Todos os animais receberam metadona como medicação pré-anestésica (MPA), meloxicam, propofol na indução anestésica e isofluorano na manutenção anestésica. Imediatamente após a OVH, os animais do Reiki foram submetidos a uma única sessão de Reiki, os animais do Placebo receberam uma simulação da terapia Reiki por um indivíduo não terapeuta e os animais do Controle não receberam nenhum tratamento. Os animais foram avaliados por meio da forma curta da escala de dor de Glasgow (CMPS-SF) e da escala visual analógica (EVA) antes da administração da MPA (M0) e 2h (M2), 4h (M4), 8h (M8), 12h (M12) e 24h (M24) após a MPA. Comparando-se os valores obtidos pela CMPS-SF, em M2, os valores do Reiki foram menores que do Placebo e, em M4, os valores do Reiki foram menores que do Controle e do Placebo. Observando-se os dados obtidos com a EVA, em M4 e M8, os valores do Reiki foram menores que do Controle e do Placebo. Foi administrada analgesia adicional (0,2 mg.kg-1 de morfina por via intramuscular) em três animais do Controle e em quatro animais do Placebo. Os animais do Reiki não necessitaram de analgesia adicional no período pós-operatório. Concluiu-se que a terapia Reiki contribuiu com a analgesia e o conforto pós-operatório de cadelas submetidas à OVH eletiva.

Postoperative analgesic effects of Reiki therapy in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy / Efeito analgésico pós-operatório da terapia Reiki em cadelas submetidas a ovariohisterectomia

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Reiki therapy on postoperative pain in bitches undergoing elective minimally invasive ovariohysterectomy (OVH). Thirty bitches were randomly assigned to three groups: Control, Placebo, or Reiki. All dogs received methadone as preanesthetic medication (PAM), meloxicam in the preoperative period, propofol for anesthetic induction, and isoflurane for anesthetic maintenance. Immediately after OVH, the dogs in the Reiki were submitted to a single session of Reiki therapy, dogs in the Placebo received simulated Reiki therapy from a non-therapist, and dogs in the Control received no treatment. All dogs were evaluated for pain using short-form Glasgow composite measure pain scale (CMPS-SF) and visual analog scale (VAS) before (M0) and 2 (M2), 4 (M4), 8 (M8), 12 (M12), and 24 hours (M24) after administration of PAM. Comparing the CMPS-SF scores between the groups, at M2 Reiki scores were lower than those of the Placebo and at M4 those in the Reiki were lower than those of the Control or Placebo groups. Comparing the VAS scores, at M4 and M8, Reiki scores were lower than those of the Control or Placebo groups. Additional analgesia (morphine 0.2 mg.kg-1 intramuscularly) was administered to three bitches in Control and to four bitches of the Placebo. Reiki did not require additional opioid analgesia in the postoperative period. It was concluded that Reiki therapy provided analgesic effect and contributed to improve postoperative comfort of bitches submitted to elective OVH.(AU)

Este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da terapia Reiki na dor do período pós-operatório de cadelas submetidas à ovariohisterectomia (OVH) eletiva pelo método minimamente invasivo com gancho. Para isso, foram utilizadas 30 cadelas alocadas aleatoriamente em três grupos experimentais: Controle, Placebo e Reiki. Todos os animais receberam metadona como medicação pré-anestésica (MPA), meloxicam, propofol na indução anestésica e isofluorano na manutenção anestésica. Imediatamente após a OVH, os animais do Reiki foram submetidos a uma única sessão de Reiki, os animais do Placebo receberam uma simulação da terapia Reiki por um indivíduo não terapeuta e os animais do Controle não receberam nenhum tratamento. Os animais foram avaliados por meio da forma curta da escala de dor de Glasgow (CMPS-SF) e da escala visual analógica (EVA) antes da administração da MPA (M0) e 2h (M2), 4h (M4), 8h (M8), 12h (M12) e 24h (M24) após a MPA. Comparando-se os valores obtidos pela CMPS-SF, em M2, os valores do Reiki foram menores que do Placebo e, em M4, os valores do Reiki foram menores que do Controle e do Placebo. Observando-se os dados obtidos com a EVA, em M4 e M8, os valores do Reiki foram menores que do Controle e do Placebo. Foi administrada analgesia adicional (0,2 mg.kg-1 de morfina por via intramuscular) em três animais do Controle e em quatro animais do Placebo. Os animais do Reiki não necessitaram de analgesia adicional no período pós-operatório. Concluiu-se que a terapia Reiki contribuiu com a analgesia e o conforto pós-operatório de cadelas submetidas à OVH eletiva.(AU)

Rare dental developmental disturbance in primary and permanent teeth following trauma prior to tooth eruption: Case report.

Traumatic dental injuries are highly prevalent among preschool children. When occurring at a very young age (prior to the eruption of the primary teeth), such trauma can disturb the normal development of the permanent dentition and, more rarely, affect the primary dentition. This report describes a case of a patient who suffered dentoalveolar trauma at six months of age that caused rare developmental problems in the primary dentition, such as impaction, dilacerations, hypoplasia, and odontoma. Imaging revealed that alterations also occurred in the permanent dentition. This report demonstrates that dentoalveolar trauma prior to complete development of the dentition and even before the eruption of the primary teeth can lead to highly uncommon abnormalities in the primary dentition. Moreover, there may be repercussions in the permanent dentition when the germs of these teeth are injured by the intraosseous displacement of primary teeth.

Perfil dos orientadores de bolsistas de Iniciação Científica da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / Profile of the advisors of scientific initiation Scholars at the Faculdade de Odontologia at Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

Objetivo: Traçar o perfil dos orientadores de Iniciação Científica da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais durante uma década.Métodos: Foi feita uma avaliação retrospectiva da formação, da carreira e daexperiência de orientações na pós-graduação e na graduação dos professores da Instituição que orientaram alunos como bolsistas do Programa de Iniciação Científica de 2006 a 2016. Com base em informações dos currículos cadastrados na plataforma Lattes do CNPq, a produção intelectual dos docentes foi analisada, quanti e qualitativamente, Qualis 2015. Para avaliar a correlação entre o número de orientações de Iniciação Cientifica e as demais variáveis numéricas, foi usado o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman e para verificar se existia diferença entre o número de orientações de Iniciação Cientifica entre as categorias das variáveis categóricas, foram usados os testes de Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados: Pouco mais de 35% (n = 44) do total de professores da Instituição, com formações, tempo de titulação e níveis de carreira diversos, alocados nos 4 departamentos, orientaram bolsistas no período; dos quais 18 tinham orientações em andamento. Quase 90% destes apresentam vínculo com Programa de pós-graduação. As áreas responsáveis pelo maior número de bolsas vigentes são a Odontopediatria e Odontologia social e preventivas. O número de orientações de Iniciação Científica concluídas e em andamento por orientador apresentou correlação positiva e significante (rs, p < 0,05) com a produção científica qualificada (≥ B3) e com o número de orientações de pós-graduação stricto sensu, mas não esteve correlacionada a outras produções e orientações. Conclusão: O perfil de orientadores de Iniciação Científica entre o período de 2006-2016 foi diversificado, com diferentes áreas de atuação, níveis de carreira e titulação. No entanto, observamos que a participação no Programa é pequena diante do total de docentes com titulação, capacidade de orientação e do número de alunos de graduação da Instituição. Isso se deve principalmente ao número de bolsas de Iniciação Científica não conseguir contemplar todos os professores que se inscrevem no programa.

Aim: To outline the profile of the Scientific Initiation advisors of the School of Dentistry at the Federal University of Minas Gerais over a 10-year period. Methods: A retrospective assessment was made regarding the education, career, and experience of postgraduate and undergraduate guidance rendered by the institution's faculty who advised students who were fellows of the Scientific Initiation Program from 2006 to 2016. Based on information from registered curricula in the CNPq Lattes platform, the intellectual production of teachers was analyzed, both quantitatively and qualitatively, according to Qualis 2015. To evaluate the correlation between the amount of Scientific Initiation guidance rendered and the other numerical variables, the Spearman correlation coefficient was used, and to verify if there was a difference between the amount of Scientific Initiation guidance rendered between the categories of categorical variables, the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. Results: Just over 35% (n = 44) of the total number of teachers of the institution, with different degrees, tenure, and career levels, allocated in the four departments, advised fellows during this period, of which 18 received ongoing guidance, almost 90% of which were linked to the Postgraduate Program. The areas responsible for the largest number of scholarships in effect cane from the fields of Pediatric Dentistry and Social and Preventive Dentistry. The amount of completed and ongoing Scientific Initiation guidance rendered per advisor showed a significant positive correlation (rs, p < 0.05) with qualified scientific output (≥ B3) and with the amount of stricto sensu postgraduate guidance rendered, but was not correlated with other productions and advice. Conclusion: The profile of Scientific Initiation advisors between 2006-2016 was diverse, with different areas of activity, career levels, and titles. However, we observed that participation in the program is minimal, given the total number of professors with a degree, capacity to provide advice, and the number of undergraduate students registered at the institution. This is mainly due to the number of Scientific Initiation scholarships failing to contemplate all teachers who enrolled in the program.

Impacto da disfunção temporomandibular na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal de adolescentes / Impact of temporomandibular disorders on the oral health-related quality of life of adolescents

O objetivo desse estudo transversal foi avaliar o impacto da Disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) na Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde Bucal (QVRSB) de adolescentes. Noventa pacientes em tratamento odontológico em uma clínica universitária em 2019, sem diagnóstico realizado anteriormente para DTM, com idades entre 13 e 18 anos, de ambos sexos, cujos responsáveis consentiram, participaram do estudo. A QVRSB foi mensurada atraves da aplicação da versão brasileira do Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) e o diagnóstico de DTM foi realizado através do instrumento Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). Foram utilizados o Eixo I do instrumento para avaliar a presença de Desordens musculares, Deslocamento de disco e Desordens articulares, e o Eixo II mediu a presença de Depressão, Sintomas inespecificos incluindo dor e de Transtorno de ansiedade generalizada. Além disso, os pacientes foram examinados clinicamente para outras condições bucais: cárie (CPOD), fluorose (índice de Dean), traumatismos dentários (Andreasen & Andreasen), índice de estética dental (DAI) e para presença de hipomineralização mola-incisivo, erosão dentária, facetas de desgaste dentário, língua geográfica e fissurada. Os seus pais/responsáveis responderam questões sociecônomicas, demográficas e de saúde geral dos adolescentes. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise descritiva e analítica, com teste de qui-quadrado, Exato de Fisher, Mann Whitney, e modelos simples e múltiplos de regressão logística (p < 0,05). A prevalência de impacto na QVRSB foi de 34% (IC 95%: 24-44), sendo os domínios Desconforto psicológico (28%) (IC 95%: 18-38), Incapacidade psicológica (19%) (IC 95%:10-27) e Dor física (15%) (IC 95%: 7-23) mais prevalentes. A DTM foi diagnosticada em 42% (IC 95%: 31-53) dos adolescentes, sendo que 57,5% (IC 95%) dos pacientes que relataram sintomas eram meninas. Entre os diagnósticos do Eixo I, o mais prevalente foi Desordem articular (40%) (IC 95%), e no Eixo II, a Depressão foi o distúrbio mais prevalente (46%) (IC 95%: 35-57), seguida de Sintomas físicos inespecíficos incluindo dor (45%) (IC 95%: 34-55) e Transtorno de ansiedade generalizada (41%) (IC 95%: 30-52). No modelo ajustado pelas variáveis experiência de cárie dentária, dor de dente e auto percepção de saúde bucal, todos os diagnósticos relacionados a DTM fornecidos pelo RDC/TMD, exceto a depressão, foram associados ao impacto negativo na QVRSB. O impacto na QVRSB foi associado ao autorrelato sobre a saúde geral e bucal do adolescente (p = 0,008 e p = 0,011), a presença de DTM (p = 0,033), de desordem muscular e articular (p = 0,021 e p = 0,009) e a todos os diagnósticos do Eixo II do RDC/TMD (p ≤ 0,005). Dentre as variáveis clínicas, associou-se à prevalência de cárie dentária (p = 0,044) e ao relato de dor de dente (p = 0,005). Nenhuma variável socioeconômica ou demográfica foi associada à QVRSB nas análises bivariadas. O domínio do OHIP-14 com maior prevalência, Desconforto psicológico, apresentou associação com as seguintes variáveis: Desordens musculares (p = 0,005), Dor crônica (p = 0,003), Sintomas inespecífico incluindo dor (p = 0,039), Transtorno generalizado de ansiedade (p = 0,020) e Dor de dente (p = 0,002). Esses resultados mostram que DTM e seus diagnósticos associados, fatores de saúde geral e clínicos estão envolvidos no impacto negativo na QVRSB. Após as análises univariadas aquelas variáveis independentes que apresentaram p ≤ 0,20 foram testadas para presença de multicolinearidade e, quando esta foi identificada entre um par ou grupo de variáveis, apenas uma delas entrou no modelo múltiplo, considerando o referencial teórico. O fato dos diferentes diagnósticos relacionados à DTM obtidos pelo RDC /TMD terem exibido colinearidade entre si, somado ao intuito de melhor entender a contribuição dos diversos aspectos relacionados à DTM na QVRSB, embasaram a construção de cinco modelos múltiplos distintos, sendo que em cada um deles apenas um dos possíveis diagnósticos foi incluído, como variável independente de interesse. O método "backward" de Wald foi usado para gerar os modelos finais, valores ajustados de Razão das Chances (OR) e respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% para impacto na QVRSB entre as categorias das variáveis independentes. Adolescentes com desordens musculares e/ou articulares e/ou deslocamento de disco tiveram 5 vezes mais chance (IC 95%: 1,24­21,3) de apresentar impacto negativo na QVRSB (modelo 1), enquanto para aqueles com dor crônica, sintomas inespecíficos incluindo dor e transtorno de ansiedade generalizada essa chance foi 4,7 (IC 95%: 1,12­19,44) (modelo 2), 1,4 (IC 95%: 1,12­1,80) (modelo 4) e 13 (IC 95%: 2,81­60,71) (modelo 5) vezes maior em relação aos adolescentes que não apresentaram esses sinais e sintomas. A experiência de cárie (CPOD) foi outra variável clínica que permaneceu associada ao impacto negativo na QVRSB após ajuste em todos os modelos. Novos estudos com amostras representativas são necessários para a confirmação destes achados.

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to assess the impact of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) on quality of life related to oral health (HRQoL) among adolescents. Ninety patients undergoing dental treatment at a university clinic in 2019, without previously diagnosed for TMD, aged between 13 and 18 years old, of both sexes, whose guardians consented, participated in the study. The HRQoL was measured by applying the Brazilian version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) and the diagnosis of TMD was performed using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC / TMD). Axis I of the instrument was used to assess the presence of Muscle Disorders, Disc Displacement and Joint Disorders, and Axis II measured the presence of Depression, non-specific symptoms including pain and generalized anxiety disorder. In addition, patients were examined clinically for other oral conditions: caries (DMFT), fluorosis (Dean's index), dental trauma (Andreasen & Andreasen), dental esthetic index (DAI) and for the presence of spring-incisor hypomineralization, erosion dental, dental wear facets, geographic and fissured tongue. Their parents / guardians answered socio-economic, demographic and general health questions for adolescents. The data obtained were submitted to descriptive and analytical analysis, with chi-square test, Fisher's Exact, Mann Whitney, and simple and multiple logistic regression models (p <0.05). The prevalence of impact on HRQoL was 34% (95% CI: 24-44), with the domains Psychological discomfort (28%) (95% CI: 18-38), Psychological disability (19%) (95% CI: 10-27) and physical pain (15%) (95% CI: 7-23) more prevalent. TMD was diagnosed in 42% (95% CI: 31-53) of adolescents, and 57.5% (95% CI:) of the patients who reported symptoms were girls. Among Axis I diagnoses, the most prevalent was Joint disorder (40%) (95% CI:), and in Axis II, Depression was the most prevalent disorder (46%) (95% CI: 35-57), followed by non-specific physical symptoms including pain (45%) (95% CI: 34-55) and generalized anxiety disorder (41%) (95% CI: 30-52). In the model adjusted for the variables dental caries, toothache and self-perception of oral health, all diagnoses related to TMD provided by the RDC / TMD, except depression, were associated with the negative impact on HRQoL. The impact on HRQoL was associated with self-report on the adolescent's general and oral health (p = 0.008 and p = 0.011), the presence of TMD (p = 0.033), muscle and joint disorder (p = 0.021 and p = 0.009) and all RDC / TMD Axis II diagnoses (p ≤ 0.005). Among the clinical variables, it was associated with the prevalence of dental caries (p = 0.044) and the report of toothache (p = 0.005). No socioeconomic or demographic variables were associated with HRQoL in bivariate analyzes. The OHIP-14 domain with the highest prevalence, Psychological discomfort, was associated with the following variables: Muscle disorders (p = 0.005), Chronic pain (p = 0.003), Non-specific symptoms including pain (p = 0.039), Generalized anxiety disorder (p = 0.020) and Toothache (p = 0.002). These results show that TMD and its associated diagnoses, general health and clinical factors are involved in the negative impact on HRQoL. After univariate analyzes, those independent variables that presented p ≤ 0.20 were tested for the presence of multicollinearity and, when this was identified among a pair or group of variables, only one of them entered the multiple model, considering the theoretical framework. The fact that the different diagnoses related to TMD obtained by the RDC / TMD have exhibited collinearity with each other, added to the purpose of better understanding the contribution of the various aspects related to TMD in HRQoL, based on the construction of five different multiple models, each of which only one of the possible diagnoses was included as an independent variable of interest. Wald's backward method was used to generate the final models, adjusted odds ratio (OR) values and respective 95% confidence intervals for impact on HRQoL between the categories of independent variables. Adolescents with muscle and / or joint disorders and / or disc displacement were 5 times more likely (95% CI: 1.24­21.3) to have a negative impact on HRQoL (model 1), while for those with chronic pain, nonspecific symptoms including pain and generalized anxiety disorder this chance was 4.7 (95% CI: 1.12­19.44) (model 2), 1.4 (95% CI: 1.12­1.80) ( model 4) and 13 (95% CI: 2.81­60.71) (model 5) times higher in relation to adolescents who did not present these signs and symptoms. Caries experience (DMFT) was another clinical variable that remained associated with the negative impact on HRQoL after adjustment in all models. Further studies with representative samples are necessary to confirm these findings.

Sedative and electrocardiographic effects of low dose dexmedetomidine in healthy cats / Efeitos sedativos e eletrocardiográficos da baixa dose de dexmedetomidina em gatos saudáveis

In feline veterinary practice sedation is often needed to perform diagnostic or minimally invasive procedures, minimize stress, and facilitate handling. The mortality rate of cats undergoing sedation is significantly higher than dogs, so it is fundamental that the sedatives provide good cardiovascular stability. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is an α2-adrenergic receptor agonist utilized in cats to provide sedation and analgesia, although studies have been utilized high doses, and markedly hemodynamic impairments were reported. The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate how the sedative and electrocardiographic effects of a low dose of DEX performing in cats. Eleven healthy cats were recruited; baseline sedative score, systolic arterial pressure, electrocardiography, and vasovagal tonus index (VVTI) were assessed, and repeated after ten minutes of DEX 5μg/kg intramuscularly (IM). A smooth sedation was noticed, and emesis and sialorrhea were common adverse effects, observed on average seven minutes after IM injection. Furthermore, electrocardiographic effects of a low dose of DEX mainly include decreases on heart rate, and increases on T-wave amplitude. The augmentation on VVTI and appearance of respiratory sinus arrhythmia, as well as sinus bradycardia in some cats, suggesting that DEX enhances parasympathetic tonus in healthy cats, and therefore will be best avoid in patients at risk for bradycardia.(AU)

Na rotina clínica da medicina veterinária felina a sedação é frequentemente requerida para realização de procedimentos diagnósticos ou minimamente invasivos, para minimizar o estresse e facilitar o manuseio dos pacientes. A taxa de mortalidade de gatos submetidos à sedação é mais elevada do que em cães, por esse motivo, é fundamental que os sedativos confiram estabilidade hemodinâmica. A dexmedetomidina (DEX) é um α2-agonista utilizado em felinos para promover sedação e analgesia, porém os estudos têm utilizado doses elevadas, e com isso prejuízos hemodinâmicos importantes foram relatados. O objetivo desta investigação foi avaliar os efeitos sedativos e eletrocardiográficos da baixa dose de DEX em gatos. Para tal, onze felinos saudáveis foram recrutados, foram obtidos valores basais para escore de sedação, pressão arterial sistólica e eletrocardiografia, além do índice de tônus vaso vagal (ITVV). Após dez minutos da aplicação intramuscular (IM) de DEX 5μg/kg todos os exames foram repetidos. Após a DEX, sedação suave foi detectada, e a êmese e sialorreia foram efeitos adversos comuns, observados em média 7 minutos após a injeção IM. Ademais, os principais efeitos eletrocardiográficos foram redução na frequência cardíaca e aumento na amplitude da onda T. O ITVV mais elevado e surgimento de arritmia sinusal respiratória, bem como bradicardia sinusal em alguns gatos, sugerem que a DEX eleva o tônus parassimpático, e por esse motivo deve ser utilizada com cautela em pacientes com predisposição à bradicardia.(AU)

Sedative and electrocardiographic effects of low dose dexmedetomidine in healthy cats / Efeitos sedativos e eletrocardiográficos da baixa dose de dexmedetomidina em gatos saudáveis

In feline veterinary practice sedation is often needed to perform diagnostic or minimally invasive procedures, minimize stress, and facilitate handling. The mortality rate of cats undergoing sedation is significantly higher than dogs, so it is fundamental that the sedatives provide good cardiovascular stability. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is an α2-adrenergic receptor agonist utilized in cats to provide sedation and analgesia, although studies have been utilized high doses, and markedly hemodynamic impairments were reported. The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate how the sedative and electrocardiographic effects of a low dose of DEX performing in cats. Eleven healthy cats were recruited; baseline sedative score, systolic arterial pressure, electrocardiography, and vasovagal tonus index (VVTI) were assessed, and repeated after ten minutes of DEX 5μg/kg intramuscularly (IM). A smooth sedation was noticed, and emesis and sialorrhea were common adverse effects, observed on average seven minutes after IM injection. Furthermore, electrocardiographic effects of a low dose of DEX mainly include decreases on heart rate, and increases on T-wave amplitude. The augmentation on VVTI and appearance of respiratory sinus arrhythmia, as well as sinus bradycardia in some cats, suggesting that DEX enhances parasympathetic tonus in healthy cats, and therefore will be best avoid in patients at risk for bradycardia.(AU)

Na rotina clínica da medicina veterinária felina a sedação é frequentemente requerida para realização de procedimentos diagnósticos ou minimamente invasivos, para minimizar o estresse e facilitar o manuseio dos pacientes. A taxa de mortalidade de gatos submetidos à sedação é mais elevada do que em cães, por esse motivo, é fundamental que os sedativos confiram estabilidade hemodinâmica. A dexmedetomidina (DEX) é um α2-agonista utilizado em felinos para promover sedação e analgesia, porém os estudos têm utilizado doses elevadas, e com isso prejuízos hemodinâmicos importantes foram relatados. O objetivo desta investigação foi avaliar os efeitos sedativos e eletrocardiográficos da baixa dose de DEX em gatos. Para tal, onze felinos saudáveis foram recrutados, foram obtidos valores basais para escore de sedação, pressão arterial sistólica e eletrocardiografia, além do índice de tônus vaso vagal (ITVV). Após dez minutos da aplicação intramuscular (IM) de DEX 5μg/kg todos os exames foram repetidos. Após a DEX, sedação suave foi detectada, e a êmese e sialorreia foram efeitos adversos comuns, observados em média 7 minutos após a injeção IM. Ademais, os principais efeitos eletrocardiográficos foram redução na frequência cardíaca e aumento na amplitude da onda T. O ITVV mais elevado e surgimento de arritmia sinusal respiratória, bem como bradicardia sinusal em alguns gatos, sugerem que a DEX eleva o tônus parassimpático, e por esse motivo deve ser utilizada com cautela em pacientes com predisposição à bradicardia.(AU)

O apoio matricial na Atenção Primária em Saúde no município do Rio de Janeiro: uma percepção dos matriciadores com foco na Saúde Mental / The matrix support in primary health care in Rio de Janeiro municipality: the matrix workers' perception in Mental Health

Resumo Os cuidados adequados em saúde mental são considerados um desafio para a saúde pública. A integração desses cuidados com a Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) é a principal estratégia segundo a OMS. Nesta direção, no Brasil, a criação do Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família (NASF) foi um avanço, composto por uma equipe multidisciplinar que tem como principal ferramenta de trabalho o apoio matricial. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar e explorar as percepções do trabalho dos matriciadores de saúde mental do município do Rio de Janeiro. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, que usou grupo focal integrado à técnica do aquário, com 26 matriciadores de oito áreas programáticas. A análise de conteúdo se deu pela Análise Estruturada. Foi possível identificar questões que versam sobre os dilemas da formação de profissionais para APS e Saúde da Família, concepções diversas sobre apoio matricial, os impactos para profissionais e pacientes de questões sobre violência e sobrecarga de trabalho, além do suporte da gestão. Concluiu-se que, embora o NASF tenha apresentado avanços importantes na atenção à saúde, ainda é preciso haver uma integração maior dos profissionais e usuários para maior clareza do trabalho dos matriciadores, visando a um fortalecimento das ações no âmbito do SUS.

Abstract Appropriate Mental Health care is considered a public health challenge. Integrating this care with Primary Health Care (PHC) is the main strategy according to WHO. In this direction, the creation of the Support Center for Family Health in Brazil was an advance, made up of a multidisciplinary team that has as main work tool the Matrix Support. This study aimed to analyze and to explore the perceptions of the work of the Mental Health matrix workers of the city of Rio de Janeiro. It is a qualitative research that used the Focal Group along with the aquarium technique with matrix workers from eight programmatic areas. Content analysis took place through Structured Analysis. It was possible to identify questions related to the dilemmas of the training of professionals for PHC and Family Health, different conceptions about matrix support, impacts for professionals and patients on issues of violence and work overload, and management support. It was concluded that although the SCFH has presented important advances in health care, there is still a need for greater integration of professionals and users for greater clarity of the work of the matrix workers, aiming at strengthening SUS actions.

Mastite e necrose periareolar por azul de metileno 1% após linfadenectomia axilar e mastectomia regional em cadela / Mastitis and periareolar necrosis by 1% methylene blue after axilar lymphadenectomy and regional mastectomy in a bitch

Background: Mammary neoplasms are frequent in dogs, and surgical excision by radical unilateral mastectomy is thefirst-choice treatment for most cases. Typically, inguinal lymphadenectomy is performed during mammary inguinal excision, whereas axillar lymphadenectomy is performed using dyes to guide surgical dissection and avoid iatrogenic trauma.This study reports the case of a bitch that underwent axillar lymphadenectomy and regional mastectomy. In this way, thiswork has the objective of reporting the case of a bitch referred to mastectomy and lymphadenectomy, which presentedcomplications due to the use of 1% methylene blue.Case: A 15-year-old female intact poodle weighing 6.2 kg presented with mammary nodules. Cytological examinationconfirmed malignant neoplasm in the mammary gland classified as Grade II (World Health Organization). Radical unilateralmastectomy and regional lymphadenectomy were performed. The surgical procedure involved intradermic injection of 0.5mL of sterile 1% methylene blue solution around the right cranial thoracic mammary gland divided in four sites beforeskin incision. Following right axillar lymphadenectomy, instead of radical unilateral mastectomy, regional mastectomywas performed in two ulcerated nodules at the right cranial abdominal gland to shorten the surgery time after the bitchdemonstrated severe trans-operative hypotension. The bitch was monitored during anesthetic recovery and was dischargedafter stabilization. At fourteen days after surgery, the patient was re-examined. Increased volume and pain in the mammaryglands of both chains were observed. In addition, a whitish liquid secretion was noted primarily from the thoracic caudalleft and thoracic cranial right mammary glands. The last mammary gland also presented a periareolar black area where thedye was applied. Progressive remission of the clinical signs was observed after therapy with...(AU)

Mastite e necrose periareolar por azul de metileno 1% após linfadenectomia axilar e mastectomia regional em cadela / Mastitis and periareolar necrosis by 1% methylene blue after axilar lymphadenectomy and regional mastectomy in a bitch

Background: Mammary neoplasms are frequent in dogs, and surgical excision by radical unilateral mastectomy is thefirst-choice treatment for most cases. Typically, inguinal lymphadenectomy is performed during mammary inguinal excision, whereas axillar lymphadenectomy is performed using dyes to guide surgical dissection and avoid iatrogenic trauma.This study reports the case of a bitch that underwent axillar lymphadenectomy and regional mastectomy. In this way, thiswork has the objective of reporting the case of a bitch referred to mastectomy and lymphadenectomy, which presentedcomplications due to the use of 1% methylene blue.Case: A 15-year-old female intact poodle weighing 6.2 kg presented with mammary nodules. Cytological examinationconfirmed malignant neoplasm in the mammary gland classified as Grade II (World Health Organization). Radical unilateralmastectomy and regional lymphadenectomy were performed. The surgical procedure involved intradermic injection of 0.5mL of sterile 1% methylene blue solution around the right cranial thoracic mammary gland divided in four sites beforeskin incision. Following right axillar lymphadenectomy, instead of radical unilateral mastectomy, regional mastectomywas performed in two ulcerated nodules at the right cranial abdominal gland to shorten the surgery time after the bitchdemonstrated severe trans-operative hypotension. The bitch was monitored during anesthetic recovery and was dischargedafter stabilization. At fourteen days after surgery, the patient was re-examined. Increased volume and pain in the mammaryglands of both chains were observed. In addition, a whitish liquid secretion was noted primarily from the thoracic caudalleft and thoracic cranial right mammary glands. The last mammary gland also presented a periareolar black area where thedye was applied. Progressive remission of the clinical signs was observed after therapy with...

Anesthetic recovery assisted by rope at three points in horses / Recuperação anestésica assistida por corda em três pontos em equinos

This study evaluated the quality of anesthesyc recovery of horses using a three-point assisted method. Sixty-eight horses (37 females and 31 males) of different breeds, age and weight submitted to general anesthesia for abdominal - ABD (n=15), arthroscopy - ART (n=17), other orthopedic - ORT (n=18) and miscellaneous - MIX (n=18) surgical procedures. Isoflurane resulted in shorter recovery time (67.4±25.7min) compared to halothane (88.0±37.8min). The mean duration (±SD) of anesthesia for ABD, ORT, ART and MIXgroups was 166.7 (±14), 54.9 (±5.9), 86.5 (±7.3) and 76.4 (±32.5) minutes (min) respectively. Quality of recovery wasnt influenced by duration of anesthesia or by use of analgesic, sedative and/or anesthetic drugs or not (p>0.05). Mean standing time (TEst) during anesthetic recovery was 67.5 (±29.9) min in ABD, 44.4 (±27) min in ORT, 42.2 (±23.2) min in ART and 39 (±14.7) min in MIX group. Average number of attempts (Ast) to stand was 1.8 (±0.8) in ABD group, 3.1 (±4.7) in ORT, 1.8 (±1.2) in ART and 1.8 (±1.2) in MIX. Recovery time (TRec) in ABD group was 102.2 (±36.5) min, ORT 70.1 (±36.5) min, ART 72.2 (±24.8) min and MIX group 66.6 (±19.1) min. TRec differed (p<0.05) between ABDand other groups. Three-point assisted recoveryfrom anesthesia showed to be a safe procedure during horses recovery. This method is easy to apply and well tolerated by horses regardless of the surgical procedure.(AU)

Neste estudo foi avaliado a qualidade da recuperação anestésica de equinos através do método de recuperação assistida por três pontos. Sessenta e oito cavalos (37 fêmeas e 31 machos) de diferentes raças, idade e peso foram submetidos à anestesia geral para cirurgias abdominais - ABD (n=15), artroscopias - ART (n=17), demais cirurgias ortopédicas - ORT (n=18) e mistas - MIX (n=18). As anestesias realizadas com isofluorano resultaram em menor tempo de recuperação (67.4±25.7min), comparadas com as anestesias realizadas com halotano (88.0±37.8min). A média da duração (±SD) da anestesia nos grupos ABD, ORT, ART e MIX foi de 166.7 (±14), 54.9 (±5.9), 86.5 (±7.3) e 76.4 (±32.5) minutos (min) respectivamente. A qualidade da recuperação não foi influenciada pelo tempo de anestesia ou pelo uso de analgésicos, sedativos e/ou outras drogas anestésicas (p>0.05). A média do tempo para estação (TEst) durante a recuperação anestésica foi de 67.5 (±29.9) min em ABD, 44.4 (±27) min em ORT, 42.2 (±23.2) min em ART e 39 (±14.7) min em MIX. O tempo de recuperação (TRec) em ABD foi de 102.2 (±36.5) min, ORT 70.1 (±36.5) min, ART 72.2 (±24.8) min e MIX 66.6 (±19.1) min. O TRec diferiu (p<0.05) entre o grupo de cirurgias ABD e os demais. O método de recuperação anestésica por três pontos mostrou ser seguro em cavalos, sendo facilmente aplicável e bem tolerado por cavalos após diferentes procedimentos cirúrgicos.(AU)