RESUMO
The purposes of this study were to develop a protocol to examine the reliability of manual muscle testing in a clinical setting and to use that protocol to assess the interrater reliability of manually testing the strength of the middle trapezius and gluteus medius muscles. One hundred ten patients with various diagnoses participated as subjects, and 11 physical therapists participated as examiners in this study. The results showed that interrater reliability for right and left middle trapezius and gluteus medius muscles was low. The percentage of therapists obtaining a rating of the same grade or within one third of a grade ranged from 50% to 60% for the four muscles. This study indicates that using manual muscle testing to make accurate clinical assessments of patient status is of questionable value.
Assuntos
Músculos/fisiopatologia , Modalidades de Fisioterapia/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Musculares/diagnóstico , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/diagnóstico , Exame Físico , Modalidades de Fisioterapia/normas , Resistência à TraçãoRESUMO
Artificial body cavities (KK) produced by implanting polyethylene balls in the subcutaneous tissues of rabbits proved to be suitable for the in vivo studies of leukotaxis. Na-caseinate induced a cell content per mm-3 KK-fluid of 7000-8500, "clumping-factor" of Staphylococcus aureus that of 9000 and capsular substances of S. aureus a delayed increase to 5300 cells per mm-3 KK-fluid. Paraffinum liquidum caused a somewhat delayed increase in granulocytes and not in macrophages. In all cases the percentage of granulocytes increased with the cell content and reached values up to 96%.
