[The vascularization of the intervertebral disks of the adult dog]. / Untersuchungen der Vaskularisation der Disci intervertebrales des erwachsenen Hundes.

The (mainly lumbar) intervertebral discs of 21 recently euthanatized dogs (aged 3 days to 14 years) were examined grossly, under the dissection microscope and by light microscopy. The findings of the adult animals and the salient differences from the younger ones are reported. A few capillaries were observed in the outer 2-4 layers of the anulus fibrosus; these arose from segmental arteries that lay directly on the intervertebral discs. The principal supply of all intervertebral discs occurs by diffusion emanating from capillary loops. These are visible at 10-30 times enlargement in both unstained and benzidine stained preparations. They pass through the end plate of the vertebral body to where the bone gives way to the softer tissue of the disc. The capillary loops have wider lumina and are more numerous opposite the nucleus pulposus and in the adjacent perinuclear zone than more peripherally where the annular fibers attach to the bone.

[The morphology and innervation of the levator muscles of the ribs in the dog, cat, horse, and pig]. / Morphologie und Innervation der Musculi levatores costarum bei Hund, Katze, Pferd und Schwein.

In the anatomical literature there are inconsistencies in the description of the levatores costarum muscles in man and in the domestic animals, and their innervation either by the dorsal or the ventral branches of the thoracic nerves. Therefore we studied the form, structure and, with the aid of the dissecting microscope, the innervation of these muscles in 7 dogs, 8 cats, 5 horses and 12 pigs. In the dog, cat and horse, mm. levatores costarum are present from the second to the last rib. In the pig, these muscles are present from the second to the 15th rib, even in individuals with 16 pairs of ribs. Mm. levatores costarum longi and a levator of the first rib could not be found in the domestic animals although these muscles are described in man. All mm. levatores costarum are innervated by branches of the lateral branch of the ramus dorsalis of the respective thoracic nerve. An additional branch of the r. muscularis proximalis of the intercostal nerves 1-3 innervates the lateral part of the levator muscles of the second to the fourth rib.

[Arterial blood supply of the digestive tract in badgers]. / Zur arteriellen Blutversorgung des Magen-Darm-Traktes der Schliefer (Hyracoidea).

In 5 dendrohyraxes, 6 heterohyraxes, and 7 procaviae the three main visceral arteries have been studied. In all hyracoidea the Arteria coeliaca divides into the Arteria lienalis, Arteria hepatica communis, and Arteria gastrica sinistra. Occasionally the latter two arteries run together for 7-15 mm before they separate. The Arteria mesenterica cranialis gives rise to the Arteriae pancreaticoduodenales caudales, Arteriae jejunales, Arteria colica media, and Arteria colica dextra and continues as Arteria ileocolica. Some animals had an Arteria colica media accessoria which supplied the first half of the colon descendens. In all other animals the entire colon descendens was supplied by the Arteria colica sinistra which originates in the Arteria mesenterica caudalis. Branches of the Arteria rectalis cranialis extend close to the anus.

[Development and topography of the ganglion pelvinum in the gerbil]. / Asubildung und Topographie des Ganglion pelvinum beim Gerbil.

In the gerbil the nerve cells of the plexus pelvinus are concentrated on each side in a solid glanglion pelvinum. This deviates essentially from the pattern in man and the domestic animals where these cells are scattered all over the plexus pelvinus. The large ganglion pelvinum is connected craniodorsally with the nervus hypogastricus and dorsally with the nervi pelvini (from the first 2 or 3 sacral nerves and the last lumbar nerve). The apertura pelvis cranialis appears long and very oblique and, therefore, in the gerbil the ganglion pelvinum is located on each side cranially to the corpus ossis pubis and can be reached by a ventral laparotomy.