RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Residential summer camps are popular among Canadian families. Campers are exposed to new, unfamiliar environments and engage in activities that may pose increased risk of injury. This study identifies the occurrence and management of musculoskeletal and head injuries at a Canadian residential summer camp. METHODS: This study was a three-year prospective observational cohort study, at a six-week Canadian residential summer camp. There were 1,388 residents, consisting of 51,546 camp days (CD). Injury data were collected by residential summer camp staff and confirmed by onsite medical professionals prior to being recorded in a secure database. Injuries were included if it was a musculoskeletal or head injury that occurred while engaged in a camp activity on or offsite, that necessitated medical attention, and that required removal or restriction from their normal camp routine for a minimum of 4 hours. RESULTS: There were 154 injuries, resulting in an incidence of 2.99 injuries per 1000 CD. Injuries were reported during scheduled activities (1.46/1000 CD) and free time (1.20/1000 CD). Sports was the most common activity during which injury occurred in all age groups (1.07/1000 CD), where males were injured twice as often as females. 65% of injuries occurred while under staff supervision. The lower extremity was the most affected body part (1.59/1000 CD). Sprains and strains accounted for 1.69 injuries/1000 CD. 83% of injuries were classified as significant and 89% of injuries were treated on-site. Over-the-counter analgesics were provided in 62% of senior camper injuries and 46% of junior camper and staff injuries. CONCLUSION: Most injuries in the residential camp setting are mild. Ensuring appropriate non-pharmacologic measures in addition to adequate analgesia may help shorten return to play.
RESUMO
MicroRNA-144 is a cytoprotective miRNA. Our previous study showed that miR-144 provides potent acute cardioprotection in an ischemia/reperfusion injury model. This study was performed to further assess whether miR-144 improves post-MI remodeling in a non-reperfused myocardial infarction (MI) model. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to MI by permanent left anterior descending artery (LAD) ligation. miR-144 was delivered by intravenous injections of 8 mg/kg, 16 mg/kg, or 32 mg/kg at day 0, day 1, day 3, and then a similar dose given once every 3 days, until day 28 after MI. Cardiac function was evaluated using echocardiography. At the end of the study, heart function was also evaluated using a pressure volume catheter. The percentage of the length of the infarct scar on the left ventricle (LV) circumferential length was calculated for heart each section. The miR-144 KO mice showed a worse heart failure phenotype with ventricular dilation and impaired contractility after LAD ligation. Ischemia decreased miR-144 levels, and the miR-144 level was restored to baseline by administration of intravenous miR-144. Cy3-labeled miR-144 was localized to the infarct and border zone, and was taken up by cardiomyocytes and macrophages. In miR-144-treated groups, at 28 days MI size was significantly reduced, and cardiac function was improved [LV fractional shortening, end-systolic volume (µL), end-diastolic volume (µL), ejection fraction (%), dP/dt max (mmHg/s), dP/dt min (mmHg/s), Tau (ms)], compared with controls (p < 0.01). This beneficial effect was associated with reduced border zone fibrosis, inflammation and apoptosis, these effects were associated with significant changes in autophagy signaling. Intravenous miR-144 has potent effects on post-MI remodeling. These findings suggest that miR-144 has potential as a therapeutic agent after MI.
