Assuntos
Diagnóstico por Imagem , Uretra/lesões , Bexiga Urinária/lesões , Ferimentos não Penetrantes/diagnóstico , Ferimentos Penetrantes/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Hematúria/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Uretra/patologia , Bexiga Urinária/patologiaAssuntos
Carcinoma de Células Renais/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico por Imagem , Neoplasias Renais/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Renais/secundário , Carcinoma de Células Renais/cirurgia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Seguimentos , Humanos , Rim/patologia , Neoplasias Renais/cirurgia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/diagnóstico , Nefrectomia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , PrognósticoAssuntos
Carcinoma de Células de Transição/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico por Imagem , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/diagnóstico , Idoso , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/secundário , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Invasividade Neoplásica , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Bexiga Urinária/patologia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/terapiaAssuntos
Neoplasias Ósseas/secundário , Diagnóstico por Imagem , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Ósseas/diagnóstico , Osso e Ossos/patologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Próstata/patologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/terapiaAssuntos
Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Pelve/anatomia & histologia , Adulto , Carcinoma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias do Endométrio/diagnóstico , Endometriose/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Leiomioma/diagnóstico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Ovarianas/diagnóstico , Pelve/patologia , Doenças Prostáticas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico , Doenças Testiculares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Uterinas/diagnósticoRESUMO
Renal imaging has dramatically improved since the introduction of ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), and most recently magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. US and MR imaging are ideal for patients with compromised renal function preventing administration of iodinated contrast material or those who have experienced reactions to contrast. Staging errors occur due to limitations in assessing microscopic tumor invasion of the renal capsule and perinephric fat, detecting metastatic deposits in normal sized lymph nodes and differentiating inflammatory hyperplastic lymph nodes from neoplastic ones. These limitations are shared by US, CT, and MR imaging. Vascular invasion by tumor can be evaluated by all imaging modalities including venography. The advantages and limitations of each examination will be presented.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Renais/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Renais/patologia , Neoplasias Renais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Angiografia , Carcinoma de Células Renais/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Neoplasias Renais/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Metástase Neoplásica , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Flebografia , Veias Renais/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Ultrassonografia , Veia Cava Inferior/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Pelvic MRI yields images with excellent anatomic resolution because of limited motion and large signal differences (contrast) between fat, muscle, and organs containing fluid or mucous. Although MRI is not appropriate in screening for pelvic malignancies and is unreliable for tumor detection, it does offer superior delineation of the extent of disease and has become the procedure of choice for pelvic tumor staging.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/diagnóstico , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Doenças Uretrais/diagnóstico , Doenças da Bexiga Urinária/diagnóstico , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Renal imaging has been enhanced by the introduction of ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Each of these imaging modalities represents a unique contribution to detection and staging of renal cell carcinoma. MRI offers several advantages, specifically, determination of tumor origin, evaluation of vascular patency, detection of lymph node metastasis, and evaluation of direct tumor extension into adjacent organs.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Renais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Renais/diagnóstico , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Carcinoma de Células Renais/patologia , Humanos , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Estadiamento de NeoplasiasRESUMO
The fetal kidneys and bladder are usually visible by 15 weeks' gestation on sonograms. The authors present their experience with the diagnosis of renal abnormalities in the fetus.
Assuntos
Doenças Fetais/diagnóstico , Nefropatias/diagnóstico , Rim/anormalidades , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal , Ultrassonografia , Feminino , Humanos , Doenças Renais Policísticas/diagnóstico , GravidezRESUMO
Surface coil magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the scrotum allows differentiation of the testis, epididymis, and spermatic cord. Intratesticular and extratesticular lesions are demarcated by the tunica albuginea. The sensitivity of MR is very high for detection of scrotal abnormalities but is non-specific since it is unable to distinguish primary testicular tumors from benign lesions. Undescended testes which lie proximal and distal to the internal inguinal ring are well visualized by MR imaging. The advantages of MR imaging in locating undescended testes is that it is noninvasive, without ionizing radiation, and capable of multiplanar images.
Assuntos
Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Escroto/anatomia & histologia , Criptorquidismo/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Escroto/patologia , Doenças Testiculares/diagnóstico , Testículo/anormalidadesRESUMO
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed in 32 male patients, 20 with no abnormalities and 12 with clinically suspected undescended testes. The results were compared with ultrasonographic, computed tomographic, clinical, and surgical findings. The undescended testes were unilateral in eight patients (one had testicular duplication) and bilateral in four. Of 16 undescended testes, 15 were correctly identified on MR images. One intraabdominal testis was not seen. Testis-fat contrast at 0.35 T was optimal with a short repetition time (TR) and a short echo time (TE). At 1.5 T, good contrast was achieved with short TR/TE sequences, but the contrast was even more pronounced with even longer TR/TE parameters. In seven patients with unilateral undescended testes, the undescended and contralateral testes showed symmetrical tissue signal intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted images. In three, the undescended testis was of lower signal intensity, suggesting atrophy. MR imaging promises to become an important diagnostic tool in the detection of undescended testes.
Assuntos
Criptorquidismo/diagnóstico , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Criptorquidismo/cirurgia , Humanos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Testículo/patologia , Testículo/cirurgia , Fatores de Tempo , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
Previous reports describing the diagnostic accuracy of transrectal sonography have not documented the specificity of differentiating abnormal internal echoes of the prostate. To determine the specificity of the examination, a prospective study was designed to correlate sonographic findings with histological diagnoses. Gray scale transrectal sonography was performed on 228 patients and the scans were reviewed without clinical information. The sensitivity (true positive rate) was confirmed by histological evaluation in 121 cases to be 90 per cent. The specificity (true negative rate) was determined by histological evaluation as well as subsequent clinical followup to be 60 per cent. Our experience is similar to that of others showing transrectal sonography as a sensitive diagnostic tool. The relatively low specificity demonstrates the difficulty in differentiating the abnormal internal echoes of the prostate, representing malignant and nonmalignant prostatic disease processes.