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1.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act ; 16(1): 90, 2019 10 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31640791

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Eating rate is a basic determinant of appetite regulation: people who eat more slowly feel sated earlier and eat less. A high eating rate contributes to overeating and potentially to weight gain. Previous studies showed that an augmented fork that delivers real-time feedback on eating rate is a potentially effective intervention to decrease eating rate in naturalistic settings. This study assessed the impact of using the augmented fork during a 15-week period on eating rate and body weight. METHODS: In a parallel randomized controlled trial, 141 participants with overweight (age: 49.2 ± 12.3 y; BMI: 31.5 ± 4.48 kg/m2) were randomized to intervention groups (VFC, n = 51 or VFC+, n = 44) or control group (NFC, n = 46). First, we measured bite rate and success ratio on five consecutive days with the augmented fork without feedback (T1). The intervention groups (VFC, VFC+) then used the same fork, but now received vibrotactile feedback when they ate more than one bite per 10 s. Participants in VFC+ had additional access to a web portal with visual feedback. In the control group (NFC), participants ate with the fork without either feedback. The intervention period lasted four weeks, followed by a week of measurements only (T2) and another measurement week after eight weeks (T3). Body weight was assessed at T1, T2, and T3. RESULTS: Participants in VFC and VFC+ had a lower bite rate (p < .01) and higher success ratio (p < .0001) than those in NFC at T2. This effect persisted at T3. In both intervention groups participants lost more weight than those in the control group at T2 (p < .02), with no rebound at T3. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study indicate that an augmented fork with vibrotactile feedback is a viable tool to reduce eating rate in naturalistic settings. Further investigation may confirm that the augmented fork could support long-term weight loss strategies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The research reported in this manuscript was registered on 4 November 2015 in the Netherlands Trial Register with number NL5432 ( https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/5432 ).


Assuntos
Dietoterapia/instrumentação , Ingestão de Alimentos/fisiologia , Retroalimentação , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Adulto , Regulação do Apetite/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
2.
Appetite ; 113: 7-13, 2017 06 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28192220

RESUMO

Eating rate is a basic determinant of appetite regulation, as people who eat more slowly feel sated earlier and eat less. Without assistance, eating rate is difficult to modify due to its automatic nature. In the current study, participants used an augmented fork that aimed to decelerate their rate of eating. A total of 114 participants were randomly assigned to the Feedback Condition (FC), in which they received vibrotactile feedback from their fork when eating too fast (i.e., taking more than one bite per 10 s), or a Non-Feedback Condition (NFC). Participants in the FC took fewer bites per minute than did those in the NFC. Participants in the FC also had a higher success ratio, indicating that they had significantly more bites outside the designated time interval of 10 s than did participants in the NFC. A slower eating rate, however, did not lead to a significant reduction in the amount of food consumed or level of satiation. These findings indicate that real-time vibrotactile feedback delivered through an augmented fork is capable of reducing eating rate, but there is no evidence from this study that this reduction in eating rate is translated into an increase in satiation or reduction in food consumption. Overall, this study shows that real-time vibrotactile feedback may be a viable tool in interventions that aim to reduce eating rate. The long-term effectiveness of this form of feedback on satiation and food consumption, however, awaits further investigation.


Assuntos
Utensílios de Alimentação e Culinária , Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Retroalimentação Sensorial/fisiologia , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Saciação/fisiologia , Adulto , Regulação do Apetite/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de Tempo , Percepção do Tato , Vibração , Adulto Jovem
4.
Perspect Psychol Sci ; 10(1): 3-19, 2015 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25910379

RESUMO

This article began as an adversarial collaboration between two groups of researchers with competing views on a longstanding question: Does familiarity promote or undermine interpersonal attraction? As we explored our respective positions, it became clear that the limitations of our conceptualizations of the familiarity-attraction link, as well as the limitations of prior research, were masking a set of higher order principles capable of integrating these diverse conceptualizations. This realization led us to adopt a broader perspective, which focuses on three distinct relationship stages-awareness, surface contact, and mutuality-and suggests that the influence of familiarity on attraction depends on both the nature and the stage of the relationship between perceivers and targets. This article introduces the framework that emerged from our discussions and suggests directions for research to investigate its validity.


Assuntos
Relações Interpessoais , Modelos Psicológicos , Reconhecimento Psicológico , Animais , Humanos
5.
J Med Internet Res ; 16(5): e126, 2014 May 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24828114

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Active sharing in online cancer communities benefits patients. However, many patients refrain from sharing health information online due to privacy concerns. Existing research on privacy emphasizes data security and confidentiality, largely focusing on electronic medical records. Patient preferences around information sharing in online communities remain poorly understood. Consistent with the privacy calculus perspective adopted from e-commerce research, we suggest that patients approach online information sharing instrumentally, weighing privacy costs against participation benefits when deciding whether to share certain information. Consequently, we argue that patients prefer sharing clinical information over daily life and identity information that potentially compromises anonymity. Furthermore, we explore whether patients' prior experiences, age, health, and gender affect perceived privacy costs and thus willingness to share information. OBJECTIVE: The goal of the present study is to document patient preferences for sharing information within online health platforms. METHODS: A total of 115 cancer patients reported sharing intentions for 15 different types of information, demographics, health status, prior privacy experiences, expected community utility, and privacy concerns. RESULTS: Factor analysis on the 15 information types revealed 3 factors coinciding with 3 proposed information categories: clinical, daily life, and identity information. A within-subject ANOVA showed a strong preference for sharing clinical information compared to daily life and identity information (F1,114=135.59, P=.001, η(2)=.93). Also, adverse online privacy experiences, age, and health status negatively affected information-sharing intentions. Female patients shared information less willingly. CONCLUSIONS: Respondents' information-sharing intentions depend on dispositional and situational factors. Patients share medical details more willingly than daily life or identity information. The results suggest the need to focus on anonymity rather than privacy in online communities.


Assuntos
Confidencialidade , Disseminação de Informação , Internet , Neoplasias , Grupos de Autoajuda , Análise de Variância , Segurança Computacional , Registros Eletrônicos de Saúde , Feminino , Humanos , Relações Interpessoais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Privacidade , Análise de Regressão , Grupos de Autoajuda/ética
6.
J Pers Soc Psychol ; 105(6): 921-3, 2013 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24295381

RESUMO

Ullrich, Krueger, Brod, and Groschupf (2013)-using a replication of the trait paradigm from Norton, Frost, and Ariely (2007)-suggest that less information does not always equal greater liking. We first ground the current debate in a larger historical debate in social psychology regarding the merits of configural versus algebraic models of person perception. We next review (a) related research that has suggested that more information can in some cases lead to more liking and (b) a large body of "real world" data-from friendships, daters, married couples, employment, celebrities, and politics-that suggests that more information often leads to less liking. We then provide an additional replication of our "less is more" effect, using a slight variation of the trait-list paradigm. The existing data suggest a need for further integrative explorations of when familiarity leads to contempt or liking or has no effect.


Assuntos
Relações Interpessoais , Desejabilidade Social , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino
7.
J Soc Psychol ; 152(2): 228-45, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22468423

RESUMO

This study is the first demonstration of the effect of motivational focus (approach vs. avoidance) on the interpretation of graphical view of personal data, specifically, weight loss progress. In two experiments, participants were randomly assigned to see the bogus weight loss data charted against either a goal or a baseline reference line. In the first experiment, we accessed participants' chronic motivational focus. In the second study, we primed motivation by exposing the participants to either a gain- or loss-focused health message. The results demonstrate that participants with either chronic or manipulated approach motivation predicted higher future weight loss in the goal reference line condition than in the baseline reference line condition. The opposite pattern was observed for participants with either chronic or manipulated avoidance motivation. The potential of matching graphical data display to personality characteristics to promote effective health management is discussed.


Assuntos
Aprendizagem da Esquiva , Gráficos por Computador , Apresentação de Dados , Retroalimentação , Motivação , Reconhecimento Visual de Modelos , Redução de Peso , Adolescente , Adulto , Ansiedade/psicologia , Imagem Corporal , Caráter , Comportamento de Escolha , Cultura , Feminino , Objetivos , Humanos , Intenção , Controle Interno-Externo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem
9.
J Pers Soc Psychol ; 101(3): 571-4, 2011 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21859227

RESUMO

Reis, Maniaci, Caprariello, Eastwick, and Finkel (see record 2011-04644-001) conducted 2 studies that demonstrate that in certain cases, familiarity can lead to liking--in seeming contrast to the results of our earlier article (see record 2006-23056-008). We believe that Reis et al. (a) utilized paradigms far removed from spontaneous, everyday social interactions that were particularly likely to demonstrate a positive link between familiarity and liking and (b) failed to include and incorporate other sources of data-both academic and real-world-showing that familiarity breeds contempt. We call for further research exploring when and why familiarity is likely to lead to contempt or liking, and we suggest several factors that are likely to inform this debate.


Assuntos
Revelação , Relações Interpessoais , Desejabilidade Social , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino
10.
J Med Internet Res ; 13(1): e6, 2011 Jan 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21252034

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Evaluating a new use for an existing drug can be expensive and time consuming. Providers and patients must all too often rely upon their own individual-level experience to inform clinical practice, which generates only anecdotal and unstructured data. While academic-led clinical trials are occasionally conducted to test off-label uses of drugs with expired patents, this is relatively rare. In this work, we explored how a patient-centered online research platform could supplement traditional trials to create a richer understanding of medical products postmarket by efficiently aggregating structured patient-reported data. PatientsLikeMe is a tool for patients, researchers, and caregivers (currently 82,000 members across 11 condition-based communities) that helps users make treatment decisions, manage symptoms, and improve outcomes. Members enter demographic information, longitudinal treatment, symptoms, outcome data, and treatment evaluations. These are reflected back as longitudinal health profiles and aggregated reports. Over the last 3 years, patients have entered treatment histories and evaluations on thousands of medical products. These data may aid in evaluating the effectiveness and safety of some treatments more efficiently and over a longer period of time course than is feasible through traditional trials. OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to examine the illustrative cases of amitriptyline and modafinil - drugs commonly used off-label. METHODS: We analyzed patient-reported treatment histories and drug evaluations for each drug, examining prevalence, treatment purpose, and evaluations of effectiveness, side effects, and burden. RESULTS: There were 1948 treatment histories for modafinil and 1394 treatment reports for amitriptyline reported across five PatientsLikeMe communities (multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, mood conditions, fibromyalgia/chronic fatigue syndrome, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). In these reports, the majority of members reported taking the drug for off-label uses. Only 34 of the 1755 (1%) reporting purpose used modafinil for an approved purpose (narcolepsy or sleep apnea). Only 104 out of 1197 members (9%) reported taking amitriptyline for its approved indication, depression. Members taking amitriptyline for off-label purposes rated the drug as more effective than those who were taking it for its approved indication. While dry mouth is a commonly reported side effect of amitriptyline for most patients, 88 of 220 (40%) of people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis on the drug reported taking advantage of this side effect to treat their symptom of excess saliva. CONCLUSIONS: Patient-reported outcomes, like those entered within PatientsLikeMe, offer a unique real-time approach to understand utilization and performance of treatments across many conditions. These patient-reported data can provide a new source of evidence about secondary uses and potentially identify targets for treatments to be studied systematically in traditional efficacy trials.


Assuntos
Uso Off-Label , Pacientes , Autorrelato , Amitriptilina/efeitos adversos , Amitriptilina/uso terapêutico , Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica/tratamento farmacológico , Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica/metabolismo , Compostos Benzidrílicos/uso terapêutico , Transtornos Cognitivos/tratamento farmacológico , Redes Comunitárias/estatística & dados numéricos , Tomada de Decisões Gerenciais , Fadiga/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Internet , Modafinila , Assistência Centrada no Paciente/organização & administração , Saliva/efeitos dos fármacos , Saliva/metabolismo , Fases do Sono/efeitos dos fármacos , Resultado do Tratamento
11.
J Med Internet Res ; 12(2): e19, 2010 Jun 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20542858

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: PatientsLikeMe is an online quantitative personal research platform for patients with life-changing illnesses to share their experience using patient-reported outcomes, find other patients like them matched on demographic and clinical characteristics, and learn from the aggregated data reports of others to improve their outcomes. The goal of the website is to help patients answer the question: "Given my status, what is the best outcome I can hope to achieve, and how do I get there?" OBJECTIVE: Using a cross-sectional online survey, we sought to describe the potential benefits of PatientsLikeMe in terms of treatment decisions, symptom management, clinical management, and outcomes. METHODS: Almost 7,000 members from six PatientsLikeMe communities (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [ALS], Multiple Sclerosis [MS], Parkinson's Disease, human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], fibromyalgia, and mood disorders) were sent a survey invitation using an internal survey tool (PatientsLikeMe Lens). RESULTS: Complete responses were received from 1323 participants (19% of invited members). Between-group demographics varied according to disease community. Users perceived the greatest benefit in learning about a symptom they had experienced; 72% (952 of 1323) rated the site "moderately" or "very helpful." Patients also found the site helpful for understanding the side effects of their treatments (n = 757, 57%). Nearly half of patients (n = 559, 42%) agreed that the site had helped them find another patient who had helped them understand what it was like to take a specific treatment for their condition. More patients found the site helpful with decisions to start a medication (n = 496, 37%) than to change a medication (n = 359, 27%), change a dosage (n = 336, 25%), or stop a medication (n = 290, 22%). Almost all participants (n = 1,249, 94%) were diagnosed when they joined the site. Most (n = 824, 62%) experienced no change in their confidence in that diagnosis or had an increased level of confidence (n = 456, 34%). Use of the site was associated with increasing levels of comfort in sharing personal health information among those who had initially been uncomfortable. Overall, 12% of patients (n = 151 of 1320) changed their physician as a result of using the site; this figure was doubled in patients with fibromyalgia (21%, n = 33 of 150). Patients reported community-specific benefits: 41% of HIV patients (n = 72 of 177) agreed they had reduced risky behaviors and 22% of mood disorders patients (n = 31 of 141) agreed they needed less inpatient care as a result of using the site. Analysis of the Web access logs showed that participants who used more features of the site (eg, posted in the online forum) perceived greater benefit. CONCLUSIONS: We have established that members of the community reported a range of benefits, and that these may be related to the extent of site use. Third party validation and longitudinal evaluation is an important next step in continuing to evaluate the potential of online data-sharing platforms.


Assuntos
Participação da Comunidade , Técnicas de Apoio para a Decisão , Gerenciamento Clínico , Disseminação de Informação/métodos , Internet , Sistemas On-Line , Autocuidado/métodos , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Apresentação de Dados , Feminino , Registros de Saúde Pessoal , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Relações Médico-Paciente , Vigilância da População , Doenças Raras/diagnóstico , Doenças Raras/terapia , Grupos de Autoajuda , Apoio Social
12.
AMIA Annu Symp Proc ; : 217-21, 2008 Nov 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18999176

RESUMO

The Internet is not simply being used to search for information about disease and treatment. It is also being used by online disease-focused communities to organize their own experience base and to harness their own talent and insight in service to the cause of achieving better health outcomes. We describe how news of a possible effect of lithium on the course of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) was acquired by and diffused through an on-line community and led to participation in a patient-driven observational study of lithium and ALS. Our discussion suggests how the social web drives demand for patient-centered health informatics.


Assuntos
Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica/tratamento farmacológico , Blogging/organização & administração , Informação de Saúde ao Consumidor/métodos , Compostos de Lítio/uso terapêutico , Participação do Paciente/métodos , Assistência Centrada no Paciente/métodos , Humanos , Massachusetts
13.
J Med Internet Res ; 10(3): e15, 2008 May 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18504244

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: This project investigates the ways in which patients respond to the shared use of what is often considered private information: personal health data. There is a growing demand for patient access to personal health records. The predominant model for this record is a repository of all clinically relevant health information kept securely and viewed privately by patients and their health care providers. While this type of record does seem to have beneficial effects for the patient-physician relationship, the complexity and novelty of these data coupled with the lack of research in this area means the utility of personal health information for the primary stakeholders-the patients-is not well documented or understood. OBJECTIVE: PatientsLikeMe is an online community built to support information exchange between patients. The site provides customized disease-specific outcome and visualization tools to help patients understand and share information about their condition. We begin this paper by describing the components and design of the online community. We then identify and analyze how users of this platform reference personal health information within patient-to-patient dialogues. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) post data on their current treatments, symptoms, and outcomes. These data are displayed graphically within personal health profiles and are reflected in composite community-level symptom and treatment reports. Users review and discuss these data within the Forum, private messaging, and comments posted on each other's profiles. We analyzed member communications that referenced individual-level personal health data to determine how patient peers use personal health information within patient-to-patient exchanges. RESULTS: Qualitative analysis of a sample of 123 comments (about 2% of the total) posted within the community revealed a variety of commenting and questioning behaviors by patient members. Members referenced data to locate others with particular experiences to answer specific health-related questions, to proffer personally acquired disease-management knowledge to those most likely to benefit from it, and to foster and solidify relationships based on shared concerns. CONCLUSIONS: Few studies examine the use of personal health information by patients themselves. This project suggests how patients who choose to explicitly share health data within a community may benefit from the process, helping them engage in dialogues that may inform disease self-management. We recommend that future designs make each patient's health information as clear as possible, automate matching of people with similar conditions and using similar treatments, and integrate data into online platforms for health conversations.


Assuntos
Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Internet/estatística & dados numéricos , Relações Interpessoais , Doença dos Neurônios Motores/terapia , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/psicologia , Pacientes/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Registro Médico Coordenado/métodos , Doença dos Neurônios Motores/psicologia , Cooperação do Paciente , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Satisfação do Paciente , Autocuidado/métodos , Estados Unidos
14.
J Pers Soc Psychol ; 92(1): 97-105, 2007 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17201545

RESUMO

The present research shows that although people believe that learning more about others leads to greater liking, more information about others leads, on average, to less liking. Thus, ambiguity--lacking information about another--leads to liking, whereas familiarity--acquiring more information--can breed contempt. This "less is more" effect is due to the cascading nature of dissimilarity: Once evidence of dissimilarity is encountered, subsequent information is more likely to be interpreted as further evidence of dissimilarity, leading to decreased liking. The authors document the negative relationship between knowledge and liking in laboratory studies and with pre- and postdate data from online daters, while showing the mediating role of dissimilarity.


Assuntos
Revelação , Relações Interpessoais , Desejabilidade Social , Adulto , Corte/psicologia , Feminino , Amigos/psicologia , Humanos , Masculino , Modelos Psicológicos
15.
Patient Educ Couns ; 64(1-3): 313-21, 2006 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16859870

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Patient-centered approaches to medicine suggest the need for physicians to become more aware of concerns and needs expressed in patient narratives. However, patients and physicians have different goals and discourse styles during consultations. We attempt to bridge these differences by providing patients with ways to collect, visualize, and describe behavioral and biomedical data. METHODS: We describe an intervention where individuals with type 1 diabetes photograph health-related behaviors. These images and blood glucose records are displayed in computer visualizations and used during patient-physician interviews. RESULTS: Qualitative analyses of interview data with patients who photographed their lives suggest the range of difficulties associated with diabetes self-management. The visualizations helped them articulate concerns about stress, peer relations, and unhealthy routines. CONCLUSION: Interventions that combine biomedical and biopsychosocial data during patient-physician consultations may be beneficial for patients, helping them reflect on correlations between behaviors and health. Physicians are provided with contextual evidence to better understand patient issues around diabetes management. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: We suggest that this and similar interventions could be used as an occasional diagnostic to help patients articulate stories of their health-related practices. Annotated archives of photographs and glucose data may also be useful tools for sharing diabetes experiences with newly diagnosed patients.


Assuntos
Comunicação , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/psicologia , Narração , Fotografação , Relações Médico-Paciente , Telemedicina , Adaptação Psicológica , Adulto , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Automonitorização da Glicemia , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Coleta de Dados , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Masculino , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Assistência Centrada no Paciente , Fotografação/organização & administração , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Autocuidado/métodos , Autocuidado/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Telemedicina/organização & administração
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