The Influence of Sensory Characteristics of Game Meat on Consumer Neuroperception: A Narrative Review.

Game meat contains bioactive compounds that directly influence the formation of a rich reservoir of flavor precursors that produce specific sensory properties. Quality is considered one of the most influential determinants of consumer behavior, but the interpretation of this concept differs between consumers. Although recognized for its quality, its unique sensory characteristics (smell, taste, aroma) may have a major impact on consumer perception. The aim of this review is to describe the consumer behavior regarding game meat through elements of neuroperception, using methods of analysis, observation, and interpretation of scientific information from the literature. Following the analysis of published papers on this topic, it was shown that external factors influencing the biological basis of behavior could provide explanations for the acceptance or rejection of this type of meat and solutions. Neuroperception can explain the mechanism behind consumer decision-making. The influence of extrinsic factors (environment, mood, emotions, stress) shapes the perception of the quality attributes of game meat, the unique sensory characteristics of game meat passing through a primary filter of sensory receptors (eyes, nose, tongue, etc). Game meat is darker and tougher (compared to meat from domestic animals), and the taste and smell have the power to trigger memories and change the mood, influencing consumer behavior. Understanding consumer attitudes towards game meat in relation to quality attributes and the physiology of sensory perception can provide important insights for food industry professionals, processors, sensory evaluators, and researchers.

Fatty Acid Indices and the Nutritional Properties of Karakul Sheep Meat.

This study aimed to evaluate the fatty acid profile and health lipid indices of sheep meat (from 52 Karakul sheep from NE Romania). The effect of age at slaughter and the influence of muscle region were studied for nutritional parameters, especially the fatty acids from lipid fractions. Based on the fatty acid profiles and lipid contents, the sanogenic indices were determined for two sheep muscle groups. Thus, two different muscle regions from lamb and adult sheep were analysed from both genders, the Longissimus dorsi and Triceps brachii, to argue the advantages of each category and the rationalization, in terms of meat consumption, regarding their impact on human health. Sheep meat has many components with beneficial effects on human health. Apart from the fact that it is an important source of nutrients due to its high content of proteins, lipids, and minerals, it is also a product that can provide fundamental bioactive compounds for maintaining metabolic functions. The qualitative indices assessment revealed that lambs have meat with high PUFA content on Longissimus dorsi muscles (approx. 25% of total fatty acids), 0.68 for PUFA/SFA, with highest values for n-3 (approx. 8%) and n-6 (approx. 14%). Appropriate values can also be observed in Triceps brachii muscles from adult sheep. The sanogenic indices also presented good values for Longissimus dorsi from lambs and Triceps brachii from adult sheep (polyunsaturation index = 7.2-10.2; atherogenic index = 0.56-0.67; thrombogenic index = 0.78-0.96; hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic index = 2.4-2.7 (for Longissimus dorsi)).

A Clean-Label Formulation of Fortified Yogurt Based on Rhododendron Flower Powder as a Functional Ingredient.

The world-wide-dispersed Rhododendron is a tiny, evergreen plant with vivid red or pale pink blossoms that is a member of the Ericaceae family and is well-known for its stunning flowers. To improve yogurt's nutritional profile and sensory qualities, this study investigates an innovative application of Rhododendron flower powder (RFP). The potential health benefits of Rhododendron flowers, which are a rich source of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and antioxidants, have attracted attention. Consequently, the physicochemical, phytochemical, and sensory qualities of fortifying yogurt with RFP at various concentrations were studied. The results showed that the texture and color of the yogurt were highly influenced by the addition of RFP. The addition of this functional ingredient also resulted in a significant increase in the yogurt's polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity. These findings demonstrate the suitability of RFP in yogurt formulations as a functional food ingredient, being a good source of phenolics.

The Role of Pudendal Nerve Block in Colorectal Surgery: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal surgery is associated with significant pain often requiring opioid and non-opioid analgesics. Pudendal nerve blocks (PNBs) can be administered with the aim to reduce pain and improve patient satisfaction. However, there are no current accepted guidelines for the use of PNB in colorectal surgery. METHOD: We evaluated the available literature on the role of PNB in colorectal surgery to determine which technique and anesthetic agent may provide optimal pain relief and safety. Studies from January 1970 to December 2019 assessing PNB in colorectal surgery were retrieved from MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. Indication for PNB, technique, anesthetic agent, postoperative pain outcomes, patient satisfaction and complications were extracted. RESULTS: We initially identified 339 studies of which 17 (nine randomized controlled trials, three cohort studies, one case-control study and four reviews) specifically met the inclusion criteria. The most common indication found for PNB is hemorrhoidectomy using either bupivacaine or lidocaine. The anatomical landmark and neurostimulation are the most favorable techniques being applied. The majority of studies reported better pain scores, less analgesia requirement and higher patient satisfaction when performing a bilateral PNB, with no major complications. CONCLUSIONS: The current evidence, though limited, supports the use of bilateral PNBs in colorectal surgical procedures in particular hemorrhoidectomies. PNBs can be safe and effective in improving patient outcomes particularly when using bupivacaine or lidocaine with either the anatomical landmark or neurostimulation technique.

Massive surgical emphysema secondary to iatrogenic tracheal laceration.

A 78-year-old woman was admitted for a revision total hip replacement following a failed dynamic hip screw placed emergently 4 months earlier. Anaesthetic management consisted of general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation and femoral nerve block. The patient's perioperative course was unremarkable except for a promptly recognised and corrected oesophageal intubation and a short period of breathing against a closed adjustable pressure limiting valve. In recovery, following a period of hypotension resistant to fluid therapy, she suddenly desaturated, developed severe facial and upper thoracic subcutaneous emphysema and type 2 respiratory failure. She was diagnosed with bilateral pneumothoraces, pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium and surgical emphysema. This was treated emergently with supplemental oxygen and bilateral chest drains. A CT scan demonstrated a tracheal laceration, which was managed conservatively in the critical care unit. The patient had a tracheostomy on day 5 to treat an on-going air leak and later made a full recovery.