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1.
Cuad. med. forense ; 21(1/2): 50-56, ene.-jun. 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-146572

RESUMO

Los trasplantes de órganos son un gran avance de la medicina contemporánea. Sin embargo, para poder seguir creciendo y llegar a la autosuficiencia, es preciso que las actuaciones de los profesionales sanitarios tengan máximos estándares éticos. Solo así, con la población que confía en sus instituciones y en sus profesionales, se podrán atender las crecientes necesidades de trasplantes. Los conflictos éticos con la determinación de la muerte, la utilización de órganos de donantes con criterios expandidos, el trasplante con donantes vivos o por la asignación de órganos, deben poder resolverse atendiendo a protocolos que, permanentemente actualizados, permitan acreditar que la equidad, la beneficencia, la autonomía y la no maleficencia han sido contempladas en caso de conflictos. Si se hace bien, la capacidad teórica de donación alcanzará máximos, ya que la confianza entre población y profesionales sanitarios será óptima (AU)


Organ transplants represent extraordinary progress of modern medicine. However, in order to grow and become self-sufficient, it is necessary that the actions of health professionals have highest ethical standards. When people trust their institutions and their professionals, they will meet the needs of transplants. Ethical conflicts with the determination of death, the use of organs from expanded criteria donors, transplantation with living donors or organ allocation, should be able to be resolved with updated protocols, allowing establish that equity, autonomy, beneficence and justice, have been referred to in case of conflicts. If done well, improvements in donation will reach highs as trust between population and health professionals will be optimal (AU)


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Obtenção de Tecidos e Órgãos/ética , Coleta de Tecidos e Órgãos/ética , Medicina Legal/ética , Ética/classificação , Transplantes , Doadores de Tecidos/ética , Doadores de Tecidos/legislação & jurisprudência
2.
Ann Surg ; 257(3): 413-8, 2013 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23386239

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The use of single-incision laparoscopic surgery may represent an improvement over conventional laparoscopic surgery. In recent years, more and more articles have been published demonstrating the feasibility of this approach. Hence, for this reason, we present this randomized prospective study to compare the 2 techniques. METHODS: Between September 2009 and December 2010, a total of 184 patients with a diagnosis of acute appendicitis and indicated for surgery were included in the study, of whom, 91 received an appendectomy via a single umbilical incision and 93 via conventional laparoscopy. The study protocol was approved by the ethical committee of the Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital (Murcia). The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov with inscription number NCT0151529. All the operations were performed by the same team of surgeons. RESULTS: As far as the demographical results of the study population are concerned, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups for age, weight, sex, body mass index, and removed appendix type. Operating time was longer with the single-port approach: 38.13 ± 13.49 versus 32.12 ± 12.44 minutes (P = 0.02). Significant differences were observed for postoperative pain, which was measured on the visual analog scale, with less pain reported in the single-incision group: 2.76 ± 1.64 versus 3.78 ± 1.76 (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups for early and late complications and lengths of hospital stay measured in postoperative hours. CONCLUSIONS: The transumbilical single-port approach is seen as a feasible technique for performing appendectomy. It does not increase the rate of complications and represents a possible alternative to conventional laparoscopic appendectomy.


Assuntos
Apendicectomia/métodos , Apendicite/cirurgia , Laparoscopia/métodos , Laparotomia/métodos , Umbigo/cirurgia , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medição da Dor , Dor Pós-Operatória/diagnóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto Jovem
3.
Nefrología (Madr.) ; 27(6): 752-755, nov.-dic. 2007. ilus
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-67906

RESUMO

Las malformaciones arteriovenosas (MAV) renales son alteraciones poco comunes que consisten en comunicaciones anómalas entre el sistema arterial y venoso intrarrenal.Pueden ser de naturaleza congénita o adquirida, siendo estas últimas más frecuentes y habitualmente asintomáticas. En su presentación clínica, predominan lahematuria y la hipertensión (HTA), observándose deterioro cardíaco o pulmonar en un 5% de los casos.Esta paciente con sospecha inicial de fístula arteriovenosa pulmonar se derivó al nefrólogo por insuficiencia renal e hipertensión arterial. La presencia de un intenso soplo ampliamente localizado facilitó el diagnóstico definitivo con ecografía renal,doppler y angiorresonancia. La ausencia de antecedentes descartó una etiología adquirida.La nefrectomía del riñón malformado mejoró rápidamente la calidad de vida al desaparecer la disnea. La hipertensión pulmonar cedió al bajar el gasto cardíacodesde 12,9 l/min a 6,49 l/min con mínimo descenso del filtrado glomerular (AU)


Arteriovenous (AV) malformations remain relatively rare clinical lesions consisting in abnormal shunts between the arterial and venous vascular systems. Both,congenital or acquired fistulas, are unusual causes of renal or heart failure. Congenital AV fistulas usually present with hematuria, while acquired ones are morelikely to present with hemodynamic changes, such as hypertension, cardiomegaly and congestive heart failure.Here we present a 61 year-old woman studied before by probable pulmonary arteriovenous fistula and referred to nephrologist with a six-month history of dyspneaand peripheral edema. Physical examination was remarkable for an apical systolic ejective murmur as well as another bruit over the right pulmonary base. Blood tests showed a sCr of 1.7 mg/dl with normal urinalysis. On imaging, renal duplex arultrasoundshowed a pulsatile hiliar mass on the right kidney with an arterial flow of 300 cm/sec that was identified as a giant AV fistula on MRA.An echocardiogram revealed severe pulmonary hypertension with a cardiopulmonary output of 12,9 l/min that doubled the systemic one (6,49 l/min). In view of the large size of the AV fistula occupying the majority of the parenchyma, endovascular approach was turned down and a laparoscopic nephrectomy was performed successfully. There was an immediate clinical improvement and 45 daysafter the procedure, a control-echocardiogram showed normalization of the cardiopulmonary parameters with minimal changes in glomerular filtration rate (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Malformações Arteriovenosas/diagnóstico , Rim/anormalidades , Malformações Arteriovenosas/cirurgia , Nefrectomia/métodos , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Hematúria/fisiopatologia , Insuficiência Renal/diagnóstico , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular
5.
Nefrología (Madr.) ; 27(1): 12-22, ene.-feb. 2007. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-055114

RESUMO

El pronóstico de la afectación renal en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) ha mejorado notablemente en las últimas décadas. Se revisa la experiencia de tratamiento con pulsos de ciclofosfamida intravenosa (CFiv) en el tratamiento del primer brote de nefritis lúpica en 97 pacientes (75 mujeres) seguidas durante un periodo de hasta 20 años. La serie se ha dividido en tres grupos. El Grupo A (n = 39) recibió pulsos mensuales de CFiv (inicio de 1 g) durante un periodo de hasta 24 meses (años 1985-1991). El Grupo B (n = 47) recibió pulsos de CFiv (1 g) mensuales durante 6 meses con pulsos adicionales trimestrales hasta un máximo de 18 meses, dependiendo de la respuesta terapéutica (desde 1991). A partir de 1999 un grupo de 11 pacientes se trataron con pulsos de CFiv a dosis bajas (pauta Eurolupus Nephritis Trial), 500 mg cada 15 días durante tres meses, seguidos de azatioprina (2 mg/kg) o micofenolato mofetil (1,5-2,0 g/dia) hasta completar 36 meses de tratamiento (Grupo C). La cantidad total de CFiv (g) administrada: Grupo A: 15,1 ± 9,0; Grupo B: 8,5 ± 3,5 y Grupo C: 3,0 ± 0, muestra la tendencia hacia una progresiva disminución en la exposición a la ciclofosfamida. Globalmente, los tratamientos con las diferentes pautas de CFiv consiguieron en primera intención, controlar la nefritis lúpica de forma satisfactoria en el 76,3% de los casos. Al comparar los valores basales y los alcanzados a los 24 meses, la creatinina sérica (mg/dl) pasó en el grupo A desde 1,77 ± 1,06 a 1,09 ± 0,63; Grupo B: 1,22 ± 0,85 a 0,95 ± 0,45 y Grupo C: 0,90 ± 0,23 a 1,17 ± 0,54 (p < 0,05). No se detectaron diferencias entre los tres grupos. Para los mismos periodos la proteinuria (g/día) descendió en el grupo A desde 6,19 ± 4,31 a 0,79 ± 1,76; Grupo B: 4,43 ± 3,17 a 2,08 ± 3,65 y Grupo C: 5,43 ± 3,37 a 3,22 ± 4,00 (p < 0,05). Los efectos adversos fueron principalmente infecciones víricas y bacterianas, sin diferencias intergrupos. La necrosis ósea avascular con necesidad de prótesis y menopausia precoz fueron más frecuentes en el Grupo A. Nueve pacientes fallecieron, siete por enfermedad cardiovascular y dos por infección. La supervivencia global de los pacientes en los tres grupos de tratamiento no mostró diferencias significativas siendo del 95% (IC 95%: 99%-90%) a los 5 años; del 92% (IC 95%: 98%-85%) a los 10 años y del 84% (IC 95%: 94%- 74%) a los 15 años. La probabilidad de mantener concentraciones de creatinina sérica en rango normal o inferior al doble de la basal fue del 92% (IC 95%: 98%- 86%) a los 5 años; del 72% (IC 95%: 84%-60%) a los 10 años y del 66% (IC 95%: 78%-54%) a los 15 años, sin detectarse diferencias significativas entre los tres grupos de tratamiento. Se contabilizaron 47 episodios de recidivas sin diferencias entre los tres grupos. A modo de conclusión, esta experiencia con diferentes estrategias de CFiv muestra que es una terapia eficaz en controlar la nefritis lúpica y mantener la vida en pacientes con nefritis lúpica, incluso con dosis progresivamente menores. El precio a pagar está relacionado con complicaciones infecciosas y de toxicidad en huesos y gónadas. Nuevas alternativas terapéuticas deberán mantener al menos la misma eficacia con menor tasa de efectos adversos y recidivas


The prognosis for patients with proliferative glomerulonephritis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus has dramatically improved over recent decades. We review our experience with intermittent pulse therapy with intravenous cyclophosphamide (IC) in 97 patients (75 female) aged over 20 years. The series was divided into three groups. Group A (n = 39) received monthly IC pulses (begin 1 g) for up to 24 months between 1985-1991. Group B (n = 47) received monthly IC pulses (1 g) for six months with additional quarterly doses for a maximum of 18 months, depending on the therapeutic response (from 1991). From 1999, Group C (n = 11) patients were treated with low-dose IC (3 g in three months) followed by azathioprine (2 mg/kg) or mycophenolate mofetil (1.5-2.0 g/day) for 12- 18 months. The total IC doses (g) administered were: Group A, 15.1 ± 9.0; Group B, 8.5 ± 3.5; and Group C, 3.0 ± 0.0. These figures show the trend towards progressive reduction in exposure to IC. Overall, treatment with the different IC regimens achieved satisfactory control of lupus nephritis in 76% of the patients. Comparison of the values at baseline and after 24 months showed that the serum creatinine (mg/dl) fell in Group A from 1.77 ± 1.06 to 1.09 ± 0.63, in Group B from 1.22 ± 0.85 to 0.95 ± 0.45, and in Group C from 0.90 ± 0.23 to 1.17 ± 0.54 (p < 0.05). In the same period, proteinuria (g/day) fell in Group A from 6.19 ± 4.31 to 0.79 ± 1.76, in Group B from 4.43 ± 3.17 to 2.08 ± 3.65, and in Group C from 5.43 ± 3.37 to 3.22 ± 4.00 (p < 0.05). There was not differences between the three groups in both variables. The adverse effects were mainly viral and bacterial infections, with no intergroup differences. Avascular osteonecrosis requiring hip replacement and early menopause were more frequent in Group A. Nine patients died, seven due to cardiovascular causes and two with infection. No differences were detected between the three groups when analyzing the overall patient survival at 5, 10 and 15 years (95%, 92%, and 84%, respectively). The likelihood of maintaining serum creatinine within normal ranges or less than twice the baseline range was similar in the three groups at 5, 10 and 15 years (92%, 72% and 66%, respectively). There were 47 episodes of relapse, with no differences between the three groups. In summary, treatment with different regimens of intermittent IC is relatively safe and efficient to control the disease and lupus nephritis in SLE patients even with progressively smaller doses. The price paid concerned infectious complications, and bone and ovarian toxicity. New alternatives should at least maintain the same efficacy, but with fewer adverse effects and relapses


Assuntos
Humanos , Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem , Nefrite Lúpica/tratamento farmacológico , Injeções Intravenosas , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Creatinina/sangue , Proteinúria/diagnóstico , Recidiva
6.
Nefrología (Madr.) ; 27(1): 23-29, ene.-feb. 2007. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-055115

RESUMO

La glutamina es un aminoácido encargado del transporte sanguíneo de nitrógeno. En pacientes que desarrollan insuficiencia renal se ha detectado alteración de los niveles plasmáticos de aminoácidos (AA) y alteración en su excreción urinaria. El cisplatino es un fármaco utilizado en quimioterapia, siendo la nefrotoxicidad uno de sus efectos secundarios más importantes. Con el objetivo de encontrar factores predictivos para el desarrollo de insuficiencia renal secundaria al cisplatino, se estudiaron 54 pacientes con diversos tumores en tratamiento con cisplatino, cuantificándose la concentración de AA y otros parámetros bioquímicos en plasma y en orina de 24 horas en tres días diferentes tras cada ciclo de quimioterapia. Se analizaron las variaciones de los AA plasmáticos a lo largo de los distintos ciclos de cisplatino y los porcentajes de reabsorción de cada uno de ellos. Se detectaron diferencias significativas a través de los ciclos en el porcentaje de reabsorción de 13 AA y en las concentraciones plasmáticas de 16. La concentración de glutamina a lo largo de los ciclos fue mayor en pacientes que desarrollaron insuficiencia renal. El valor de glutamina sérica > 1.000 mM/L analizada el tercer día tras la administración de cisplatino fue altamente predictivo de desarrollar insuficiencia renal, con una diferencia significativa respecto a los pacientes que no la desarrollan. Se concluye que concentraciones superiores a 1.000 mM/L de glutamina plasmática al tercer día tras la administración de cisplatino tienen un alto valor predictivo respecto al desarrollo de insuficiencia renal aguda


Glutamine is an amino acid (AA) whose mission is carrying nitrogen. Abnormalities in protein and AA metabolism has been observed in patients with acute renal failure. Several clinical trials had showed abnormalities in plasma AA and its elimination in uremic environment. Moreover, renal failure disturbs hepato-splachnic circulation of glutamin, tyrosine and proline. Cisplatin is a key drug in the chemotherapy pharmacology, and the nephrotoxicity due to tubular injury, is one of its most important side effects, which sometimes is irreversible and leads to substitutive renal treatment. The goal of this work is to find predictive factors of renal failure secondary to cisplatin. Fifty four patients treated with cisplatin were studied. The plasma AA concentration and another plasmatic and urine parameters were measured in three different days after each pulse of chemotherapy. Plasma AA modifications through the pulses and reabsortion percentages of everyone were analysed too. Significant differences were observed in 13 AA reabsortion percentages and 16 plasmatic concentration. Glutamin concentration through the pulses was higher in 13 patients (24%) who presented renal failure (Plasmatic glutamin concentration higher than 1.000 mM/L at the third day after cisplatin administration was highly predictive value about getting renal failure, with significant difference from patients with o normal renal function. Others parameters analysed did not rise significant predictive values, so as it was not found relation between hyperaminoaciduria and renal function. It is concluded that cisplatin leads to renal failure in a 24% of this patients. Glutamin, concentrations higher than 1.000 mM/L at the third day after cisplatin administration have a high predictive value about getting renal failure; so, it is suggested this could be a early marker of cisplatin nephrotoxicity before the serum creatinine is elevated, in order to get an early and suitable treatment of it


Assuntos
Humanos , Glutamina/sangue , Cisplatino/efeitos adversos , Insuficiência Renal/diagnóstico , Aminoácidos/sangue , Estudos Prospectivos , /diagnóstico , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico
9.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 12(supl.2): 464-469, 2000. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-150233

RESUMO

El objetivo de este estudio ha sido conocer las variables que se asocian a la intención de firmar un carnet de donante de órganos y tejidos. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo una encuesta telefónica a una muestra representativa de la población general andaluza sobre las cuestiones más relevantes en el ámbito de la donación y trasplante (N=1.111). Como resultado de la aplicación del análisis de regresión logística se ha configurado un modelo multivariante según el cual las variables que se asocian a la intención de hacerse el carnet son las creencias religiosas, la actitud hacia el cuerpo intacto tras la muerte, actitud hacia la autopsia, grado de preocupación por una extracción prematura de los órganos, grado de confianza en los profesionales sanitarios, percepción del grado de información que se posee sobre donación y trasplante, haber recibido información a través de folletos y carteles publicitarios, la experiencia de donar sangre, y no poseer el carnet por desconocer el procedimiento para hacérselo, por no disponer de tiempo, no poseer suficiente información y por sentir miedo a tenerlo (AU)


Logistic regression model on the willingness to sign an organ and tissue donor card. The aim of the present study has been to know the variables associated with willingness to sign an organ and tissue donor card. To this end, a telephone survey has been carried out by interviewing a representative sample of the Andalusian population on several relevant questions related to donation and transplant of organs (N=1.111). A logistic regression analysis was applied to the willingness to sign a donor card as dependent variable and the other variables as predictors. A multivariate model has been elaborated, including variables such as religious beliefs, concerns about body integrity after death, attitude towards autopsy, degree of confidence in medical staff, concerns on premature declaration of death in order to harvest organs, variables related to the level of information about organ donation and transplantation, available resources to sign a donor card and others reasons for not having done so before (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Doadores de Tecidos/estatística & dados numéricos , Intenção , Atitude , Motivação
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