RESUMO
Understanding historical processes underlying lineage distribution patterns is a primary goal of phylogeography. We selected Gobio rivuloides (Cypriniformes: Gobionidae) as a model to improve our knowledge about how intraspecific genetic divergence of freshwater fishes arises in coastal drainages of northern China via statistical analysis using cytochrome b gene. The time-calibrated phylogeny of G. rivuloides showed the divergence of two major lineages (I and II) at ~0.98 Ma (million years ago). Lineage I can be divided into two sub-lineages (I-A and I-B) with a divergence time of ~0.83 Ma. Sub-lineage I-A inhabits the Amur River, and sub-lineage I-B lives in the Luan River and Liao River. Lineage II is distributed in the Yellow River and Hai River, with close genetic relationships between the two drainages, and can be split into two sub-lineages (II-C and II-D) with a divergence time of ~0.60 Ma. Our findings indicate that the splitting of lineages and sub-lineages could be attributed to geographic isolation caused by the formation of the Bohai Sea, river capture, and the episodic hydrologic closing of a paleolake during the late Lower-Middle Pleistocene. It is also the first report we know of displaying a clear phylogeographic break for freshwater fishes across coastal drainages in northern China.
Assuntos
Cipriniformes , DNA Mitocondrial , Animais , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Filogenia , Filogeografia , Água Doce , Cipriniformes/genéticaRESUMO
Belligobio pengxianensis is a small fish endemic to the upper Yangtze River of China. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of B. pengxianensis is determined for the first time, and it should become a reference sequence to aid in species identification, biodiversity monitoring and conservation. The mitogenome has overall length of 16,610 bp and AT content of 55.23%, including 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs, and one non-coding control region. The results of phylogenetic analyses show that B. pengxianensis is nested within the genus Hemibarbus.
RESUMO
Although Mesogobio lachneri is the type species of the genus Mesogobio, its systematic position and status have remained unresolved to date. In this study, for the first time, we report the complete mitochondrial genome of M. lachneri using Sanger sequencing. It is a circular genome with a length of 16,602 bp, comprising 22 tRNAs, 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two rRNAs, and one non-coding control region. Our phylogenetic analysis reveals that M. lachneri is the close relative of the genus Gobio, indicating that Mesogobio may be a valid genus.
RESUMO
The freshwater gudgeon Huigobio chenhsienensis (Cypriniformes: Gobionidae) is a small fish endemic to southern China. In this study, we used mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (Cytb), from wide-ranging samplings of H. chenhsienensis from the Ou River (the central of southern China) to the Yangtze River Basin (the northernmost part of southern China) to explore genetic variations and the evolutionary history of H. chenhsienensis in southern China. In total, 66 haplotypes were identified from Cytb sequences of 142 H. chenhsienensis individuals, which could be divided into lineages A, B, and C with divergence times of ~4.24 Ma and ~3.03 Ma. Lineage A was distributed in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the Oujiang River, and the Jiao River, lineage B was distributed in the Qiantang River and the Cao'e River, whereas lineage C was restricted to the Poyang Lake drainage from the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Lineage A could be subdivided into sub-lineages A-I, A-II, A-III, and A-IV, with divergence times of 1.30, 0.97, and 0.44 Ma. Lineage C could be subdivided into sub-lineages C-I and C-II, with a divergence time of 0.85 Ma. Our findings indicate that climate change during the Pliocene and Pleistocene eras, as well as the limited dispersal ability of H. chenhsienensis, have been major drivers for shaping the phylogeographical patterns of H. chenhsienensis.
RESUMO
Sarcocheilichthys parvus (Cypriniformes: Gobionidae) is a stream fish which is endemic to sub-tropical coastal drainages in southern China, thus offering a valuable model for understanding how genetic divergence arises in stream-adapting freshwater fishes in this region. Using the mitochondrial Cyt b gene, integrative analyses of phylogeny, population demography, and ancestral area and paleo-drainage reconstructions are carried out to explicitly explore the role of landscape evolution in genetic diversification of S. parvus. The time-calibrated phylogeny of S. parvus indicates the splitting of two major lineages (A and B) at â¼3.66 Ma. Lineage A inhabits the Poyang Lake sub-drainage of the middle Yangtze River, Han River and Pearl River, and can be split into two sub-lineages (A-I and A-II), where sub-lineage A-II can be further sub-divided into three infra-sub-lineages (A-IIa, A-IIb and A-IIc). Except for the infra-sub-lineage A-IIc, which is restricted to the Han River and Pearl River, the other sub-lineages and infra-sub-lineages live exclusively in the Poyang Lake sub-drainage. Lineage B lives in the lower Yangtze River, Qiantang River, Jiaojiang River and Ou River, displaying close genetic relationships among the drainages. Rapid population expansion has occurred since the Late Pleistocene. Our findings indicate that the splitting of lineages A and B could be attributed to geographic isolation due to the Zhe-Min Uplift, acting as a biogeographic barrier before the late Early Pleistocene. Furthermore, the strong genetic divergence within Lineage A could be explained by the isolation role of the Nanling Mountains and Poyang Lake acting as an ecological barrier; while the lack of phylogenetic structure within Lineage B may have been the result of paleo-drainage connections or episodic freshwater connections during the eustatic low stand of sea level in the late Middle-Late Pleistocene.
RESUMO
Mitochondrial genomes of two individuals of Tachanovsky's gudgeon Ladislavia taczanowskii have been determined on the basis of Sanger dideoxy sequencing. The gene compositions of two genomes contain 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 1 control region with the same length 16,614 bp. The phylogenetic tree reveals that the monotypic genus Ladislavia is a sister group of the subfamily Gobioninae within the family Gobionidae.
RESUMO
Mitochondrial genomes of Squalidus mantschuricus, S. chankaensis, and S. longifilis have been determined using Sanger sequencing (GenBank Accession No. MT767745-MT767747). The three mitochondrial genomes consist of 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and one control region with the length of 16,605, 16,611, and 16,607 bp. Phylogenetic analysis of the three species showed that S. mantschuricus is nested within a fully supported terminal clade with S. argentatus, and S. chankaensis is a sister group of S. mantschuricus, S. argentatus, and S. wolterstorffi. Squalidus longifilis is positioned in a clade with S. multimaculatus and S. gracilis.
RESUMO
New mitochondrial genomes of Pseudogobio guilinensis, P. giganteus, and P. anderssoni have the length of 16,605, 16,606, and 16,609 bp with A + T bias. Inferred phylogeny shows that P. guilinensis occupies basal position. P. esocinus and P. anderssoni+P. longirostris are sister groups, and they together are a sister taxa of P. giganteus.
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Two complete mitochondrial genomes of Gobio acutipinnatus and G. microcephalus are assembled, and they have the same length with slightly high A + T contents (54.88% and 56.57%) in base compositions. Results in the reconstructed phylogeny show that the genus Gobio is a monophyletic group, and it is a sister taxon of the genus Romanogibio.
RESUMO
Freshwater fishes in the genus Paraleucogobio include two species, Paraleucogobio notacanthus and Paraleucogobio strigatus. In this study, we determined complete mitochondrial genomes of P. notacanthus and P. strigatus to clarify their phylogenetic positions. The two mitochondrial genomes showed similar gene arrangements, codon use, gene overlaps or gene intervals with the length of 16,596 bp and 16,598 bp. Our phylogeny revealed that P. notacanthus and P. strigatus were nested within Gnathopogon fishes. The findings indicate that Paraleucogobio is a junior synonym of Gnathopogon.
RESUMO
In this study, we determined complete mitochondrial genomes of Saurogobio gracilicaudatus, S. xiangjiangensis, S. gymnocheilus, and S. lissilabris so that these data could contribute to reconstruct interspecific phylogenetic relationships within the genus Saurogobio. The four mitochondrial genomes showed A + T bias (55.2-57.0%) of base compositions with the length from 16,594 to 16,608 bp. Phylogenetic relationships among Saurogobio fishes and their close relatives showed that the genus Saurogobio was a monophyletic group and it could be divided into two major groups.
RESUMO
Abbottina binhi has been misidentified as Abbottina rivularis in China for a long time. In this study, we determined three mitochondrial genomes of A. rivularis and A. binhi such that these data should contribute to molecular identifications of the two species. The size of new mitochondrial genomes was 16,609 or 16,599 bp with A + T bias of 55.7-56.5% in the base compositions. Our reconstructed phylogeny showed that A. rivularis and A. binhi formed a sister taxon relationship, and they together were a monophyletic group.
RESUMO
Freshwater fishes of the subfamily Gobioninae (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) are composed of three major clades, the tribes Gobionini and Sarcocheilichthyini, and a Hemibarbus-Squalidus group. In this study, we determined ten complete fish mitogenomes from eight of all twelve genera in the tribe Gobionini. The ten mitogenomes displayed similar patterns in gene arrangements, codon use and gene overlaps with the length of 16,605-16,617 bp and base compositions slightly A + T bias of 56.1-58.0%. Our phylogeny of the tribe Gobionini revealed that the genera Gobio, Xenophysogobio, Gobiobotia, Saurogobio and Pseudogobio were monophyletic, and other genera Abbottina, Biwia, Microphysogobio and Platysmacheilus were paraphyletic or polyphyletic. The findings indicate that the genera classifications of Gobionini are needed to be further confirmed.
RESUMO
The interrelationships among mugilids (Mugiliformes: Mugilidae) remain highly debated. Using a mitochondrial gene-based phylogeny as criterion, a revised classification with 25 genera in the Mugilidae has recently been proposed. However, phylogenetic relationships of major mitochondrial lineages remain unresolved and to gain a general acceptance the classification requires confirmation based on multilocus evidence and diagnostic morphological characters. Here, we construct a species-tree using twelve nuclear and three mitochondrial loci and infer the evolution of 71 morphological characters. Our multilocus phylogeny does not agree with previous morphology-based hypotheses for the relationships within Mugilidae, confirms the revised classification with 25 genera and further resolves their phylogenetic relationships. Using the well-resolved multilocus phylogeny as the criterion, we reclassify Mugilidae genera into three new subfamilies (Myxinae, Rhinomugilinae, and Cheloninae) and one new, recombined, subfamily (Mugilinae). The Rhinomugilinae subfamily is further divided into four tribes. The revised classification of Mugilidae is supported by morpho-anatomical synapomorphies or a combination of characters. These characters are used to erect a key to the subfamilies and genera.
Assuntos
Evolução Molecular , Filogenia , Smegmamorpha/classificação , Smegmamorpha/genética , Animais , Genes Mitocondriais/genéticaRESUMO
Members of Candidia, Nipponcrysis, Parazacco, Opsariichthys, and Zacco are a group of East Asian freshwater fishes, and these five genera form a monophyletic group within the subfamily Oxygastrinae (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae). In this study, we first determined complete mitogenomes of Candidia pingtungensis, Opsariichthys acutipinnis, O. chengtui, and Zacco acanthogenys. The four mitogenomes with the length of 16 611-16 615 bp displayed the same patterns in gene arrangements and the use of start and stop codons for protein-coding genes. Our phylogeny divided Candidia, Nipponcrysis, Parazacco, Opsariichthys, and Zacco into two major groups that the former three genera consisted of a group and the latter two genera formed another group. The phylogeny also revealed that C. pingtungensis was nested within Nipponcrysis. Our findings indicate that the taxonomy status of Candidia and Nipponcrysis is still needed to be confirmed.
Assuntos
Cyprinidae/genética , Genoma Mitocondrial , Animais , Composição de Bases , Códon de Terminação , Cyprinidae/classificação , DNA Mitocondrial/química , DNA Mitocondrial/isolamento & purificação , DNA Mitocondrial/metabolismo , Proteínas de Peixes/química , Proteínas de Peixes/genética , Proteínas de Peixes/metabolismo , Fases de Leitura Aberta/genética , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico/química , RNA Ribossômico/genética , RNA de Transferência/química , RNA de Transferência/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
The first complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Rana sensu stricto (sensu Frost, 2013) was determined using Rana kunyuensis as a representative species. The mitogenome was 22,255 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and duplicated control regions. The mitogenome of R. kunyuensis showed novel gene order arrangement with a translocation of tRNA(Leu)((CUN)) and ND5 in comparison with published anuran mitogenomes to date. This mitogenome should contribute to understand the evolution of anuran mitochondrial gene order arrangements.
Assuntos
DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Genoma Mitocondrial , Ranidae/genética , Animais , Pareamento de Bases/genética , Sequência de Bases , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Fases de Leitura Aberta/genéticaRESUMO
We first determined complete mitochondrial genomes of Rana dybowskii and Rana cf. chensinensis (Anura: Ranidae). The mitogenomic lengths of R. dybowskii and R. cf. chensinensis were 18,864 and 18,808 bp, respectively. The two mitogenomes have similar gene compositions including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes and a control region. Rana dybowskii and R. cf. chensinensis mitogenomes displayed same gene order arrangements and similar base compositions with an A + T bias. Mitogenomic data of the two species contributed to provide molecular marker for their conservative genetics and clarified their phylogenetic position under mitogenome-based phylogeny of the genus Rana.
Assuntos
Genoma Mitocondrial/genética , Filogenia , Ranidae/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Animais , Genes de RNAr , Anotação de Sequência Molecular , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Fases de Leitura Aberta/genética , RNA de Transferência/genéticaRESUMO
The first complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Plesiopidae (Teleostei: Perciformes) was determined using the Eastern hulafish Trachinops taeniatus as a representative species of the family. The mitogenome was 16,821 bp in length, including 13 typical vertebrate protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 1 control region. The gene arrangement was similar to other fishes except for the reversal position of tRNA(Ala) and tRNA(Asn). The overall base composition was 27.4% for A, 27.5% for C, 27.4% for T and 17.7% for G. This mitogenome should contribute to resolving phylogenetic position of Plesiopidae.
Assuntos
Genoma Mitocondrial , Perciformes/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Animais , Composição de Bases , Ordem dos Genes , Genes Mitocondriais , GenômicaRESUMO
Phylogenetic placement of Pseudorasbora elongate remains unresolved. We determined the first complete mitochondrial genome of P. elongate that its mitogenome data should contribute to clarify the systematics of Pseudorasbora fishes. The mitogenome was 16,607 bp in length, including 13 typical protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 1 control region. The overall base composition of the heavy strain was 31.1% for A, 24.8% for C, 28.2% for T and 15.9% for G, with the A + T bias of 59.3%.
Assuntos
Cyprinidae/genética , Genes Mitocondriais , Genoma Mitocondrial , Animais , Composição de BasesRESUMO
The first complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Cerithioidea (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda) was determined using a freshwater snail Semisulcospira libertina (Cerithioidea: Semisulcospiridae) as a representative species of the superfamily. The mitogenome was 15,432 bp in length, including 13 typical invertebrate protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and 2 ribosomal RNA genes. The overall base composition was 31.4% for A, 17.8% for C, 34.8% for T and 16.0% for G with a A+T bias. The mitogenome of S. libertina displayed novel gene order arrangement compared with published Caenogastropoda mitogenomes to date. This mitogenome contributed in resolving phylogenetic position and interrelationships of Cerithioidea.
