[Study on the Release Process for Lavender Essential Oil Microcapsule by FTIR].

In order to find out the constitute forms of lavenderessential oil-ß-cyclodextrin inclusion complex and the process of release of lavenderessential oilwith temperature changes, we used Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) method to compare and analyze lavender essential oil (LO), ß- cyclodextrin (ß-CD) and lavender essential oil microcapsule (LOM), while the infrared spectral changes of release process at different temperatures of the oil in microcapsulewas analyzed, andthe principal component method was further used to explore the physical and chemical stability and release process of LO after it was entrapped by ß-CD. The results showed that comparative analysis by infrared spectroscopy, characteristic peaks of LO embedded had redshift peak and its peak shape became wider, which mainly affected by the formation of molecular hydrogen bonds , p-π conjugate phenomenon and the spatial structure of ß-CD; in addition, we set temperature range from 25 to 95 ℃, the temperature interval of 10 ℃, and then determined LOM by IR spectrum to test and verify physical and chemical stability and release conditions of LO which was embedded by ß-CD. The results demonstrated that, water molecule inLOM hydrate was easily lost and the essential oil component of LOM was in stable physical and chemical properties, and the amount of escaping for LO at 95 ℃ was less than 6.5 percent when the release was slow; through IR spectra data of variable temperature was analyzed under principal component analysis (PCA), We may find that the cumulative variance of the first two principal components was 99.3%. And PC1 ingredient could be considered as the characteristic variable of ß-CD and PC2 component was the characteristic variable of LO by principal component load analysis. The result showed that the release of ester from LOM was faster than alcohol. It was simple and efficient by using infrared analysis method to have a comprehensive understanding on the physical and chemical stability and the release process of the embedded oil, and it will provide a new theoretical support for the study on the release process of lavender essential oil microcapsule.

[Main Components of Xinjiang Lavender Essential Oil Determined by Partial Least Squares and Near Infrared Spectroscopy].

This work was undertaken to establish a quantitative analysis model which can rapid determinate the content of linalool, linalyl acetate of Xinjiang lavender essential oil. Totally 165 lavender essential oil samples were measured by using near infrared absorption spectrum (NIR), after analyzing the near infrared spectral absorption peaks of all samples, lavender essential oil have abundant chemical information and the interference of random noise may be relatively low on the spectral intervals of 7100~4500 cm(-1). Thus, the PLS models was constructed by using this interval for further analysis. 8 abnormal samples were eliminated. Through the clustering method, 157 lavender essential oil samples were divided into 105 calibration set samples and 52 validation set samples. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used as a tool to determine the content of linalool and linalyl acetate in lavender essential oil. Then the matrix was established with the GC-MS raw data of two compounds in combination with the original NIR data. In order to optimize the model, different pretreatment methods were used to preprocess the raw NIR spectral to contrast the spectral filtering effect, after analysizing the quantitative model results of linalool and linalyl acetate, the root mean square error prediction (RMSEP) of orthogonal signal transformation (OSC) was 0.226, 0.558, spectrally, it was the optimum pretreatment method. In addition, forward interval partial least squares (FiPLS) method was used to exclude the wavelength points which has nothing to do with determination composition or present nonlinear correlation, finally 8 spectral intervals totally 160 wavelength points were obtained as the dataset. Combining the data sets which have optimized by OSC-FiPLS with partial least squares (PLS) to establish a rapid quantitative analysis model for determining the content of linalool and linalyl acetate in Xinjiang lavender essential oil, numbers of hidden variables of two components were 8 in the model. The performance of the model was evaluated according to root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV), root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP). In the model, RESECV of linalool and linalyl acetate were 0.170 and 0.416, respectively; RM-SEP were 0.188 and 0.364. The results indicated that raw data was pretreated by OSC and FiPLS, the NIR-PLS quantitative analysis model with good robustness, high measurement precision; it could quickly determine the content of linalool and linalyl acetate in lavender essential oil. In addition, the model has a favorable prediction ability. The study also provide a new effective method which could rapid quantitative analysis the major components of Xinjiang lavender essential oil.

Identification of MXRA5 as a novel biomarker in colorectal cancer.

In our previous study, significantly high expression levels of matrix-remodeling associated 5 (MXRA5) were identified in fresh-cultured colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues compared with their normal adjacent mucosa by differential secretome analysis. Whether MXRA5 is a potential serum biomarker of CRC has not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between MXRA5 expression and clinicopathological characteristics of CRC patients. The MXRA5 expression levels were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 20 colorectal adenoma tissues, 156 CRC tissues and their corresponding adjacent normal mucosa. Relative quantity (RQ) value and immunoreactive score (IRS) were used for quantitative assessment. The staining for MXRA5 protein was mainly located in the cytoplasm of CRC cells. All CRC tissues were positively stained, with a higher expression rate (IRS>4) of 67% (105/156), and a lower expression rate (IRS≤4) of 33% (51/156). Meanwhile, their corresponding normal tissues exhibited little positive staining; the higher expression rate was 0% (0/156) and the lower expression rate was 25% (16/156). Additionally, more than half of the adenoma tissues were positively stained; the higher expression rate was 15% (3/20) and the lower expression rate was 50% (10/20). The MXRA5 protein positive staining rates were significantly correlated with the lesion sites (colon vs. rectum, 76 vs. 59%), TNM staging (I+II vs. III+IV, 56 vs. 73%) and metastasis (present vs. absent; 76 vs. 61%) with the most high positive staining rate observable in omental metastasis (82%). However, MXRA5 mRNA expression levels showed no significant differences between CRC tissues and their corresponding normal tissues, and no significant correlation between IRS and corresponding RQ value was observed. In this study, we present the first evaluation of MXRA5 protein expression in CRC tissue. Our results revealed that MXRA5 protein is aberrantly expressed in CRC tissues, and has potential value in early detection of CRC and prediction of omental metastasis.