Time Trends (2012-2020), Sex Differences and Predictors for Influenza Vaccination Uptake among Individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Spain.

(1) Background: To analyze time trends, sex differences, and factors associated with influenza vaccination uptake among individuals with COPD in Spain, 2012−2020. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study based on data from the European Health Surveys for Spain, 2020 (EHSS2020) and 2014 and from the Spanish National Health Interview Surveys for 2017 and 2012. (3) Results: The study included 65,447 participants. Prevalence of COPD was 5.9% (n = 3855). Overall, the influenza vaccination uptake among COPD patients was 57.8% versus 28.6% for those without COPD (p < 0.001). Men with COPD reported higher uptake than women in all the surveys studied. Neither the crude nor the multivariable analysis showed a significant variation change overtime for people with COPD. However, among those aged <65 years, crude uptake decreased from 2012 to 2020 (39.4% vs. 33.3%; p = 0.039). Over the entire period, men were vaccinated significantly more than women (OR 1.28; 95% CI 1.12−1.47). Among COPD participants, included in the EHSS2020, independent predictors of vaccine uptake included being male, higher age, reporting no current smoking and suffering cancer or heart disease. (4) Conclusions: In COPD patients, the influenza vaccination uptake is below desirable levels and did not improve from 2012 to 2020. Sex differences are found, with consistent and constant lower uptake among women with COPD. The observed lower uptake among COPD women and patients with unhealthy lifestyle requires increased attention.

Mental health in patients with asthma: A population-based case-control study.

BACKGROUND: This study's objectives were to compare the prevalence of mental disorders and consumption of psychiatric medications in asthmatic subjects with non-asthmatic controls and identify risk factors associated with psychiatric conditions. METHODS: This was an epidemiological case-control study based on the 2020 European Health Survey in Spain self-reported data. Each asthmatic subject was paired with a non-asthmatic control. Study variables included demographics, use of healthcare services, comorbidities, and risky behaviours were compared. RESULTS: There were 22,072 participants in the survey; 1151 cases and 1151 controls were selected. The prevalence of mental disorders (25.5% versus 13.4%; p < 0.001) and consumption of psychiatric medications (25.8% versus 15.6%; p < 0.001) were higher in cases than controls. In asthmatic subjects, female gender (OR 1.814; p = 0.001), age over 80 years (OR 2.558; p = 0.002), poor self-rated health (OR 2.047; p < 0.001), visits to a psychologist (OR 10.854; p < 0.001) and chronic pain (OR 1.938; p < 0.001) were independently associated with mental disorder diagnoses. Meanwhile, female sex (OR 1.710; p < 0.001), age over 80 years (OR 3.802; p < 0.001), poor self-rated health (OR 2.482; p < 0.001), visits to a psychologist (OR 2.694; p < 0.001) and chronic pain (OR 1.494; p = 0.012) were risk factors independently associated with psychiatric medication consumption. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of psychiatric conditions were higher in asthmatic subjects. Female gender, older age, worse self-rated health, visits to a psychologist and chronic pain were associated with psychiatric conditions in asthmatic subjects.

Prevalence and Determinants of Mental Health among COPD Patients in a Population-Based Sample in Spain.

(1) Background: To assess the prevalence of mental disorders (depression and anxiety), psychological distress, and psychiatric medications consumption among persons suffering from COPD; to compare this prevalence with non-COPD controls and to identify which variables are associated with worse mental health. (2) Methods: This is an epidemiological case-control study. The data were obtained from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017. Subjects were classified as COPD if they reported suffering from COPD and the diagnosis of this condition had been confirmed by a physician. For each case, we selected a non-COPD control matched by sex, age, and province of residence. Conditional logistic regression was used for multivariable analysis. (3) Results: The prevalence of mental disorders (33.9% vs. 17.1%; p < 0.001), psychological distress (35.4% vs. 18.2%; p < 0.001), and psychiatric medications consumption (34.1% vs. 21.9%; p < 0.001) was higher among COPD cases compared with non-COPD controls. After controlling for possible confounding variables, such as comorbid conditions and lifestyles, using multivariable regression, the probability of reporting mental disorders (OR 1.41; 95% CI 1.10-1.82).), psychological distress (OR 1.48; 95% CI 1.12-1.91), and psychiatric medications consumption (OR 1.38 95% CI 1.11-1.71) remained associated with COPD. Among COPD cases, being a woman, poor self-perceived health, more use of health services, and active smoking increased the probability of suffering from mental disorders, psychological distress, and psychiatric medication use. Stroke and chronic pain were the comorbidities more strongly associated with these mental health variables. (4) Conclusions: COPD patients have worse mental health and higher psychological distress and consume more psychiatric medications than non-COPD matched controls. Variables associated with poorer mental health included being a woman, poor self-perceived health, use of health services, and active smoking.

A family history of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome complicated with pulmonary fibrosis: a case series and review.

The Hernansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare genetic disorder. We report three cases from a family of 12 siblings, with six albinos, of whom four and the father had pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Case 1 was admitted to our hospital due to increasing dyspnoea and history of gynaecological bleeding. Pulmonary function test showed a restrictive airflow pattern, high-resolution computed tomographic scan demonstrated interstitial lung disease (ILD), and platelet aggregation was compromised with a reduced number of platelet dense bodies. The family history revealed endogamy and 11 members with suspected HPS. One of the albino sisters and the father had passed away with unidentified ILD, an albino brother died 14 years earlier, his autopsy had shown collections of ceroid pigments in the lungs, consistent with HPS, and another brother was followed up at our hospital for ILD and compromised platelet aggregation. This family probably has the highest number of members affected by HPS in Spain.

[All Roads Lead to Rome: Results of Non-Invasive Respiratory Therapies Applied in a Tertiary-Care Hospital Without an Intermediate Care Unit During the COVID-19 Pandemic]. / Todos los caminos llevan a Roma: resultados de las terapias respiratorias no invasivas aplicadas en un centro terciario sin Unidad de Cuidados Intermedios durante la pandemia de COVID-19.

Introduction: Non-invasive respiratory therapies (NRT) were widely used in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in different settings, depending on availability. The objective of our study was to present 90-day survival and associated factors in patients treated with NRT in a tertiary hospital without an Intermediate Respiratory Care Unit. The secondary objective was to compare the outcomes of the different therapies. Methods: Observational study of patients treated with NRT outside of an intensive care or intermediate respiratory care unit setting, diagnosed with COVID-19 and acute respiratory distress syndrome by radiological criteria and SpO2/FiO2 ratio. A multivariate logistic regression model was developed to determine independently associated variables, and the outcomes of high flow nasal cannula and continuous positive airway pressure were compared. Results: In total, 107 patients were treated and 85 (79.4%) survived at 90 days. Before starting NRT, the mean SpO2/FiO2 ratio was 119.8 ± 59.4. A higher SOFA score was significantly associated with mortality (OR 2,09; 95% CI 1.34-3.27), while self-pronation was a protective factor (OR 0.23; 95% CI 0.06-0.91). High flow nasal cannula was used in 63 subjects (58.9%), and continuous positive airway pressure in 41 (38.3%), with no differences between them. Conclusion: Approximately 4 out of 5 patients treated with NRT survived to 90 days, and no significant differences were found between high flow nasal cannula and continuous positive airway pressure.

COPD is Associated with Higher Prevalence of Back Pain: Results of a Population-Based Case-Control Study, 2017.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess whether patients suffering from COPD have a higher prevalence of chronic back pain (neck and low back pain) than age-, sex-, and residence-matched non-COPD controls. We also aimed to identify which variables are associated with chronic neck pain (CNP) and chronic low back pain (CLBP) among COPD patients. METHODS: We carried out a retrospective case-control study using data obtained from the Spanish National Health Survey conducted in 2017. RESULTS: We analyzed data from 1034 COPD and 1034 matched non-COPD controls. The prevalence of CNP and CLBP was 38.20% and 45.16%, respectively, among COPD patients and 22.82% and 28.34% for non-COPD controls, respectively (p<0.001 for both). Multivariable analysis showed that COPD patients had a 1.62-fold (95% CI 1.50-1.74) higher risk of CNP and a 1.83-fold (95% CI 1.73-1.91) higher risk of CLBP than non-COPD controls. Experiencing one type of pain greatly increased the risk of having the other. Factors associated with the presence of both types of pain among COPD patients included female sex, "fair/poor/very poor" self-rated health, migraine or frequent headache and use of pain medication. Being aged from 70 to 79 years was a risk factor for CLBP, and suffering from a mental disorder was a risk factor for CNP. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of CNP and CLBP was significantly higher among COPD patients than among non-COPD controls after adjusting for age, sex and other relevant clinical variables. Our findings add new data to the knowledge of chronic pain in COPD patients.

Aspergilosis pulmonar invasiva en un hospital terciario durante un periodo de 10 años / Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a tertiary hospital over a 10-year period

Introducción: En los últimos años se ha producido un aumento de la incidencia de las aspergilosis pulmonar invasiva (API), no sólo en pacientes inmunodeprimidos u oncohematológicos, sino también en aquellos con patología pulmonar crónica en tratamiento esteroideo. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las características de los pacientes ingresados por API en un hospital terciario durante un periodo de 10 años y evaluar los factores asociados con su desarrollo. Materia y métodos: Se han revisado todos los pacientes diagnosticados de API ingresados en los servicios de Medicina Interna, Neumología y Cuidados Intensivos de nuestro hospital entre el 1 de enero de 1997 y el 31 de diciembre de 2006. La información se ha obtenido a través de la base de datos del servicio de archivo de nuestro hospital. Resultados: Se han encontrado 39 pacientes, detectándose en dicho grupo una elevada incidencia de uso de ventilación mecánica invasiva previa a la aparición de la infección, así como de enfermedad pulmonar y de empleo de esteroides en su tratamiento previo. La mayoría de los pacientes han sido diagnosticados por cultivo, mientras que las técnicas antigénicas han mostrado un 17,9% de falsos negativos. El tratamiento antifúngico más ampliamente utilizado ha sido la anfotericina. Conclusiones: Tanto la patología pulmonar como el tratamiento esteroideo asociado, así como el ingreso en una unidad de cuidados intensivos y la utilización de técnicas ventilatorias invasivas son factores que pueden predisponer a la aparición de una API (AU)

Introduction: In recent years there has been an increase in the incidence of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) not only in immunosuppressed or oncohematological patients but also in those suffering from chronic lung diseases treated with corticosteroids. This study has aimed to analyze the characteristics of patients admitted for IPA in a tertiary hospital over a 10-year period and to assess the associated factors with its development. Material and methods: We reviewed the cases of all IPA-diagnosed patients admitted to Internal Medicine, Pneumology and Intensive Care Unit of our hospital between January 1, 1997 and December 31, 2006, obtaining the information through the service's database file of our hospital. Results: A total of 39 patients were found. A high incidence of use of invasive mechanical ventilation was observed before the onset of infection as well as lung disease and previous use of corticosteroids. Most of the patients had been diagnosed by culture, whereas antigenic techniques showed 17.9% false negatives. The most widely used antifungal treatment was amphotericin. Conclusions: Pulmonary disease associated with steroid treatment and admission to an intensive care unit and the use of noninvasive ventilatory techniques are factors that may predispose to the emergence of an IPA (AU)

Bioactivity and mineralization of hydroxyapatite with bioglass as sintering aid and bioceramics with Na3Ca6(PO4)5 and Ca5(PO4)2SiO4 in a silicate matrix.

Hydroxyapatite and Bioglass®-45S5 were sintered together creating new ceramic compositions that yielded increased apatite deposition and osteoblast differentiation and proliferation in vitro compared to hydroxyapatite. The sintered products characterized by X-ray diffraction, revealed hydroxyapatite as the main phase when small quantities (1, 2.5 and 5wt.%) of bioglass was added. Bioglass behaved as a sintering aid with ß-TCP (Ca3(PO4)2) being the minor phase. The amount of ß-TCP increased with the amount of bioglass added. In compositions with larger additions of bioglass (10 and 25wt.%), new phases with compositions of calcium phosphate silicate (Ca5(PO4)2SiO4) and sodium calcium phosphate (Na3Ca6(PO4)5) were formed respectively within amorphous silicate matrices. In vitro cell culture studies of the ceramic compositions were examined using bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC). Cell proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells into osteoblasts were determined by Pico Green DNA assays and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, respectively. All hydroxyapatite-bioglass co-sintered ceramics exhibited larger cell proliferation compared to pure hydroxyapatite samples. After 6days in cell culture, the ceramic with Ca5(PO4)3SiO4 in a silicate matrix formed by reacting hydroxyapatite with 10wt.% bioglass exhibited the maximum proliferation of the BMSC's. The ALP activity was found to be largest in the ceramic with Na3Ca6(PO4)5 embedded in a silicate matrix synthesized by reacting hydroxyapatite with 25wt.% bioglass.

Linfangioleiomiomatosis / Lymphangioleiomyomatosis

Resumen. La linfangioleiomiomatosis (LAM) es una enfermedad poco frecuente caracterizada por una proliferación anormal de células del músculo liso, fundamentalmente a nivel pulmonar. Afecta generalmente a mujeres en edad fértil. La forma de presentación clínica más frecuente es la disnea de esfuerzo. En relación a las pruebas de imagen cabe destacar la inespecificidad de la radiografía simple de tórax, en parte debido a la aparición tardía de alteraciones en la misma. La tomografia computarizada (TC) torácica muestra, de una manera característica, imágenes quísticas de pared fina distribuidas uniformemente por todo el parénquima pulmonar. La biopsia pulmonar constituye el método diagnóstico definitivo. Presentamos los casos de 6 pacientes diagnosticadas de LAM en el área 1 de Madrid (AU)

Abstract. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare disease characterized by abnormal smooth muscle cell proliferation throughout the bronchioles, basically in the lung. It generally affects child-bearing aged women. Its most frequent clinical presentation form is exertional dyspnea. In relationship with the imaging test, the non-specificity of the simple chest x-ray, partially due to the later appearance of its alterations, stands out. The thoracic CT scan (CT) characteristically shows cystic images of the thin cystic wall uniformly distributed throughout the pulmonary parenchyma. The lung biopsy is a definitive diagnostic method. We present the cases of 6 patients diagnosed of LAM in area 1 of Madrid (AU)

Síndrome de la cimitarra de diagnóstico en la edad adulta / No disponible

Se presenta el caso de una mujer adulta en la que, a raíz de un estudio de disnea, se le detectó un síndrome venolobar congénito, con pulmón hipoplásico derecho, agenesia arterial pulmonar derecha, secuestro broncopulmonar derecho, con vascularización sistémica procedente del tronco celíaco, bronquios rudimentarios y drenaje venoso pulmonar anómalo total infracardíaco. Una vez completado el estudio, se decidió efectuar un manejo conservador, desestimándose la cirugía. Desde su diagnóstico, hace ya más de un año, la paciente se ha mantenido en situación clínica desde el punto de vista respiratorio (AU)

No disponible

“Masa pulmonar” con afectación costal / Diagnóstico de tromboembolismo pulmonar en una mujer con situs inversus

No disponible

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Traqueopatía osteocondroplásica / Osteochondroplastic tracheopathy

No disponible