Aislamiento y elucidación estructural por resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN 1H, RMN 13C, DEPT135, COSY y HSQC) del compuesto (E)-1,3,5-trimetoxi-2-(prop-1-enil) benceno extraído de hojas de Piper patulum / Isolation and structural elucidation by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT135, COSY and HSQC) of compound (E) -1,3,5-trimethoxy-2- (prop-1-enyl) benzene extracted from Piper patulum

Guatemala es un país de gran diversidad biológica, la que ha permitido a diferentes investigadores de productos naturales, obtener resultados de interés y relevancia científica, principalmente sobre propiedades farmacológicas, sin embargo, hasta el momento se desconoce la estructura molecular, conformaciones y configuraciones exactas de muchos de los metabolitos secundarios responsables de dichas propiedades. Por lo tanto, en esta investigación se planteó como objetivo aislar y elucidar la estructura de un fenilpropanoide obtenido en las hojas de Piper patulum. El aislamiento se realizó por extracciones líquido-líquido y técnicas cromatográficas (cromatografía en columna -CC-), obteniendo .092 g del compuesto de interés. La elucidación se realizó por espectroscopía de masas, espectroscopia infrarroja -IR- y experimentos de resonancia magnética nuclear -RMN-, dando como resultado la estructura correspondiente a (E)-1,3,5-trimetoxi-2-(prop-1- enil) benceno. Posteriormente el fenilpropanoide presentó actividad antioxidante mediante la prueba cualitativa con 2,2- difenil-1-picrilhidrazilo -DPPH-.

Guatemala is a country of great biological diversity, which has led natural product researchers to obtain results of great interest and scientific relevance, mainly in pharmacological properties; However, the molecular structure, conformations, and configurations of many secondary metabolites responsible for these properties are unknown. In this research, the objective was to isolate and elucidate the structure of a phenylpropanoid obtained from in the leaves of Piper patulum. The isolation was carried out by liquid-liquid extractions and chromatographic techniques (Column Chromatography -CC-), obtaining .092 g. The elucidation was performed by mass spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy -IR- and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments-NMR-, the data obtained indicates the corresponding (E) -1,3,5-trimethoxy-2- (prop-1-enyl) benzene. Subsequently, the phenylpropanoid presented antioxidant activity through the qualitative test with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-DPPH

Low-level lead exposure during development differentially affects neurobehavioral responses in male and female mouse offspring: A longitudinal study.

Early life low-level lead (Pb) exposure is still an alarming child health issue. To date, animal studies investigating the effects of low doses of Pb since early stages of life to adulthood are scarce. We investigated in a mouse model the behavioral effects of developmental exposure to low-level Pb yielding blood levels similar to those observed in child clinical literature. CD1 outbred mouse dams received Pb (25- or 100-ppm) via drinking water from two weeks pre-mating until the end of lactation. Offspring of both sexes underwent a longitudinal assessment of motor, socio-emotional, and cognitive endpoints from neonatal to adult stage. Pb levels were determined in several matrices (blood, brain and bone) up to six months after the end of exposure. We found that new born pups exposed to Pb have slightly altered motor patterns and reduced preference for the nest odor. Offspring of both sexes exposed to the lowest Pb dose showed diminished interest for social novelty stimuli as adults. Moreover, sex-dependent effects of Pb exposure were observed in the spatial learning and memory task, where males were selectively impaired. Finally, blood, brain and bone Pb levels were elevated in a dose dependent fashion up to six months after termination of exposure. We observed marked accumulation of Pb in bones, with higher Pb levels in 100-ppm exposed females than in males at 7 months of age. In conclusion, developmental Pb exposure caused mild alterations in early- and late-life behavioral domains, particularly involving olfactory and cognitive responses. These findings confirm the importance of animal models to understand how early chronic low-level lead exposure impacts on health in a life-course perspective.

Estudio exploratorio para determinar la factibilidad de un proceso químico oxidativo de fotocatálisis heterogéneas para el tratamiento de aguas contaminadas con plaguicidas / Exploratory study to determine the feasibility of a chemical oxidative heterogeous photocatalysis for the treatment of water contaminated with pesticides

Se realizó un estudio exploratorio para determinar la factibilidad de un proceso químico oxidativo de fotocatálisis hetereogénea para el tratamiento de aguas contaminadas con plaguicidas, buscando sentar las bases generales del tratamiento de los plaguicidas cipermetrina, clorpirifós y glifosatos, de uso extendido en Guatemala, seleccionados por la eficiencia ante el combate de plagas. Los plaguicidas utilizados se encontraban disueltos en agua. Las condiciones experimentales propuestas fueron: 10 horas de radiación solar, 200 ppm de Ti02 (catalítico), pH 4, porcentajes variables de peróxido de hidrógeno (agente oxidante) y de concentración de plaguicida. Los resultados fueron obtenidos como porcentajes de degradación para cada plaguicida. Al finalizar el estudio se logró sentar las bases generales para determinar la factibilidad de un proceso oxidativo de foto catálisis heterogénea para el tratamiento de aguas contaminadas con plaguicidas. Se recomienda recrear las condiciones experimentales presentadas y comparar la variabilidad de los resultados obtenidos en el presente trabajo