Geohelmintiasis en comunidades indígenas del estado Zulia, Venezuela / Geohelminthiasis in native communities from Zulia State, Venezuela7766TVVBV```9W<<<

Introducción: Las geohelmintiasis son las parasitosis intestinales causadas por helmintos que hacen su ciclo de vida en la tierra y representan un problema de salud público a nivel mundial, que afecta en especial aquellos estratos socioeconómicos más bajos. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de geohelmintos en comunidades indígenas del estado Zulia, Venezuela. Métodos: Se analizaron 250 muestras fecales, de individuos de ambos sexos con edades entre 1 a 80 años. Las muestras fueron procesadas con examen directo, concentrado (Ritchie) y recuento de huevos (Kato-Katz). Resultados: El 35,20 por ciento de los individuos presentaron huevos de geohelmintos en sus heces (88 casos). El grupo etario más afectado fue el de escolares (7-12 años: 38,64 por ciento ), seguido de adultos (20 o más años: 26,13 por ciento ). Ascaris lumbricoides con 25,20 por ciento se encontró en primer lugar, seguido de Trichuris trichiura con 14,80 por ciento , y los menos frecuentes Ancilostomideos con 4,40 por ciento . La mayoría de los individuos presentaron infecciones de intensidad leve (A. lumbricoides 74,60 por ciento , T. trichiura 81,08 por ciento y Ancilostomideos 90,91 por ciento ). Conclusiones: Se detecta una moderada prevalencia de geohelmintos, con un mayor porcentaje de las infecciones de intensidad leve. La presencia de los geohelmintos se relaciona con el escaso saneamiento ambiental que poseen estas comunidades indígenas(AU)

Introduction: Geohelminthiases are intestinal parasitic diseases caused by helminths which complete their life cycle in the soil. They are a global public health problem mainly affecting the lowest socioeconomic strata. Objective: Determine the prevalence of geohelminths in native communities from Zulia State, Venezuela. Methods: Analysis was performed of 250 stool samples from individuals of both sexes aged between 1 and 80 years. The samples were processed by direct examination, concentration (Ritchie) and egg count (Kato-Katz). Results: Geohelminth eggs were found in 35.20 percent of the stool samples studied (88 cases). The most affected age group was schoolchildren (7-12 years: 38.64 percent), followed by adults (20 years and over: 26.13 percent). The most common helminth was Ascaris lumbricoides with 25.20 percent, followed by Trichuris trichiura with 14.80 percent. The least common genus was Ancylostoma with 4.40 percent. Infection was mild in most subjects (A. lumbricoides 74.60 percent, T. trichiura 81.08 percent and Ancylostoma 90.91 percent). Conclusions: A moderate prevalence of geohelminth infection was observed, most of which was mild. The presence of geohelminths is related to poor environmental sanitation in these native communities(AU)

Burden of Severe 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Infection in Children in Southeast Spain

Introduction: Most of the published studies on patients admitted with 2009 pandemic influenza are not population based. We have compiled the clinical information regarding all children admitted with 2009pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infection during the season 2009-2010 in our defined population, in order to have an unbiased view of the most severe side of the clinical spectrum of the infection and to quantify its burden. Methods: Children <15 years-old admitted to any of 3 hospitals in South-East Spain with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) detected by means of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. High quality data were extracted from clinical records specially designed for the pandemic. Results: Eighty two children fulfilled the inclusion (..) (AU)

Introducción: Pocos artículos sobre pacientes ingresados por la gripe pandémica de 2009 tienen una perspectiva poblacional. Hemos revisado la información clínica de todos los ninos que han requerido hos- ˜ pitalización por gripe pandémica A (H1N1) 2009 durante la temporada 2009-2010 en nuestra población, para obtener una visión no sesgada de la faceta más grave de esta gripe y cuantificar su impacto. Métodos: Se incluyeron los ninos menores de 15 a ˜ nos ingresados en 3 hospitales del sureste de Espa ˜ na˜ con infección por influenza A (H1N1) 2009 confirmada por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa. Los datos se obtuvieron de registros específicos disenados durante la pandemia. ˜ Resultados: Ochenta y dos ninos cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. La tasa de hospitalización fue de ˜ 68/100.000 ninos <15 a ˜ nos; 131/100.000 en los menores de 5 a ˜ nos y 234/100.000 en menores de 1 a ˜ no. ˜ Se estimó que el 0,7% de los ninos que padecieron la gripe pandémica requirió ingreso (1,7% en menores (..) (AU)

Burden of severe 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infection in children in Southeast Spain.

INTRODUCTION: Most of the published studies on patients admitted with 2009 pandemic influenza are not population based. We have compiled the clinical information regarding all children admitted with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infection during the season 2009-2010 in our defined population, in order to have an unbiased view of the most severe side of the clinical spectrum of the infection and to quantify its burden. METHODS: Children <15 years-old admitted to any of 3 hospitals in South-East Spain with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) detected by means of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. High quality data were extracted from clinical records specially designed for the pandemic. RESULTS: Eighty two children fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The hospitalization rate was 68 per 100,000 children <15 years-old; in those <5 years-old the rate was of 131 and in <1 year-old, 234 per 100,000. An estimated 0.7% of the children who suffered from pandemic influenza were admitted (1.7% in <5 years-old). Intensive care was required for 5% of the hospitalized patients living in the study area. Mortality was roughly estimated about 1 per 100,000 children <15 years-old and was associated with the presence of very severe comorbidities or co-infections. Only 20% of the admitted children were ≥ 5 years-old and without risk factors. The disease followed a generally benign course despite the modest use of oseltamivir (49% of the patients). CONCLUSIONS: Clinical and epidemiological data are very similar to those observed in other places and in interpandemic seasons with a high influenza activity.

Behavioral problems in adolescents raised by their grandparents.

This research analyzes, for the first time using a Spanish sample, the behavioral problems of adolescents in the custody of their grandparents. The sample consisted of 68 adolescents (31 boys and 37 girls, with a mean age of 13.7 years) in the custody of 54 grandparents with an average age of 65.9 years for the grandfathers, and 63.6 years for the grandmothers. The instrument employed was the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL; Achenbach, 2001). The results indicate that the majority of both boys and girls can be classified within the normal range on scales of internal behavior, external behavior and total behavioral problems. When gender and age differences were analyzed, it was found that boys had more behavioral problems than girls on scales of incompliance with rules and external behavior. Meanwhile, it was shown that older adolescents had more somatic problems, as well as more behavioral problems, as measured by both the internal scale and total scale of the CBCL, than the younger participants.

Behavioral Problems in Adolescents Raised by Their Grandparents

This research analyzes, for the first time using a Spanish sample, the behavioral problems of adolescents in the custody of their grandparents. The sample consisted of 68 adolescents (31 boys and 37 girls, with a mean age of 13.7 years) in the custody of 54 grandparents with an average age of 65.9 years for the grandfathers, and 63.6 years for the grandmothers.The instrument employed was the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL; Achenbach, 2001). The results indicate that the majority of both boys and girls can be classified within the normal range on scales of internal behavior, external behavior and total behavioral problems.When gender and age differences were analyzed, it was found that boys had more behavioral problems than girls on scales of incompliance with rules and external behavior. Meanwhile, it was shown that older adolescents had more somatic problems, as well as more behavioral problems, as measured by both the internal scale and total scale of theC BCL, than the younger participants (AU)

Este trabajo recoge, por primera vez en población española, la incidencia de los problemas de conducta presentados por los adolescentes acogidos por sus abuelos. Este estudio analiza a 68 adolescentes (31 chicos y 37 chicas, con una media de edad de 13,7 años) acogidos por 54 abuelos/as, con una media de edad de 65,9 años para los abuelos y de 63,6 años para las abuelas. El instrumento utilizado fue el Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL, Achenbach, 2001). Los resultados indican que tanto la mayoría de los chicos como de las chicas se encuentran en el rango de normalidad en las escalas de internalización, externalización y total en problemas de conducta. Al analizar las diferencias de sexo y edad, se encontró que los chicos presentan más problemas de conducta en incumplimiento de normas y en la escala de externalización, que las chicas, y que los adolescentes mayores presentan más problemas somáticos, y más problemas de conducta en la escala de internalización y en el total del CBCL, que los menores (AU)

Discrepancias en la percepción de los conflictos entre padres e hijos/as a lo largo de la adolescencia / Discrepancies in the perception of conflicts between parents and their children during adolescence

El objetivo general de esta investigación consiste en analizar los conflictos entre padres e hijos/as y sus discrepancias en la percepción de los conflictos a lo largo de la adolescencia. La muestra está compuesta por un total de 402 adolescentes (200 chicos y 202 chicas), de edades comprendidas entre los 12 y 17 años, y sus padres (31 padres, 119 madres y 108 ambos). Los resultados muestran una baja frecuencia de conflictos entre padres e hijos. Los hijos/as coinciden con sus padres y con sus madres en los principales motivos de discusión. Según la percepción de los hijos/as, los datos revelan diferencias significativas en algunas de las causas de los conflictos teniendo en cuenta el sexo de los padres y del propio adolescente; y que, en determinados temas, los adolescentes de mayor edad (15-17 años) tienen más conflictos con ambos padres que los adolescentes de menor edad (12-14 años). (AU)