Sublethal effect of Abamectin in the functional response of the predator Phytoseiulus persimilis (Athias-Henriot) on Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari: Phytoseiidae, Tetranychidae) / Efeito subletal da Abamectina na resposta funcional do predador Phytoseiulus persimilis (Athias-Henriot) em Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari: Phytoseiidae, Tetranychidae)

Abstract The biological control used for the control of Tetranychus urticae (Koch) is the predator mite Phytoseiulus persimilis (Athias-Henriot). It is important to the know the effects of acaricides on the biological behavior the Abamectin on the functional response of P. persimilis. The functional response of the predator was of type II exposed to concentration of Abamectin, the functional response parameters: successful attack rate (a'), handling time (Th), search efficiency and the maximum predation theory (T/Th) were affected by the acaricide. The predator spends more time in persecute, dominate, consume and prepair it self to the next searching comparing with the proof subject an the predation ability was affected.

Resumo O controle biológico utilizado para o controle de Tetranychus urticae (Koch) é o acaro predador Phytoseiulus persimilis (Athias-Henriot). É importante conhecer os efeitos dos acaricidas sobre o comportamento biológico do predador. Foi avaliado o efeito tóxico de a Abamectina na resposta funcional de P. persimilis. A resposta funcional do predador foi tipo II exposta a concentrações subletais de Abacmetina, os parâmetros da resposta funcional: taxa de ataque (a'), tempo de manipulação (Th), a eficiência na procura e predação teórica máxima (T/Th) foram afetados pelo acaricida. O predador passa mais tempo na procura, dominar, consumir e se preparar para a próxima procura em comparação com a testemunha e sua capacidade de predação foi afetada.

Sublethal effect of Abamectin in the functional response of the predator Phytoseiulus persimilis (Athias-Henriot) on Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari: Phytoseiidae, Tetranychidae).

The biological control used for the control of Tetranychus urticae (Koch) is the predator mite Phytoseiulus persimilis (Athias-Henriot). It is important to the know the effects of acaricides on the biological behavior the Abamectin on the functional response of P. persimilis. The functional response of the predator was of type II exposed to concentration of Abamectin, the functional response parameters: successful attack rate (a'), handling time (Th), search efficiency and the maximum predation theory (T/Th) were affected by the acaricide. The predator spends more time in persecute, dominate, consume and prepair it self to the next searching comparing with the proof subject an the predation ability was affected.

Direct Observation of Incoherent Cherenkov Diffraction Radiation in the Visible Range.

We report on the observation of incoherent Cherenkov radiation emitted by a 5.3 GeV positron beam circulating in the Cornell electron-positron storage ring as the beam passes in the close vicinity of the surface of a fused silica radiator (i.e., at a distance larger than 0.8 mm). The shape of the radiator was designed in order to send the Cherenkov photons towards the detector, consisting of a compact optical system equipped with an intensified camera. The optical system allows both the measurements of 2D images and angular distribution including polarization study. The corresponding light intensity has been measured as a function of the distance between the beam and the surface of the radiator and has shown a good agreement with theoretical predictions. For highly relativistic particles, a large amount of incoherent radiation is produced in a wide spectral range. A light yield of 0.8×10^{-3} photon per particle per turn has been measured at a wavelength of 600±10 nm in a 2 cm long radiator and for an impact parameter of 1 mm. This will find applications in accelerators as noninvasive beam diagnostics for both leptons and hadrons.

Portable Pocket colposcopy performs comparably to standard-of-care clinical colposcopy using acetic acid and Lugol's iodine as contrast mediators: an investigational study in Peru.

OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to develop a tele-colposcopy platform for primary-care clinics to improve screening sensitivity and access. Specifically, we developed a low-cost, portable Pocket colposcope and evaluated its performance in a tertiary healthcare centre in Peru. DESIGN AND SETTING: Images of the cervix were captured with a standard-of-care and Pocket colposcope at la Liga Contra el Cáncer in Lima, Peru. POPULATION: Two hundred Peruvian women with abnormal cytology and/or human papillomavirus positivity were enrolled. METHODS: Images were collected using acetic acid and Lugol's iodine as contrast agents. Biopsies were taken as per standard-of-care procedures. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: After passing quality review, images from 129 women were sent to four physicians who provided a diagnosis for each image. RESULTS: Physician interpretation of images from the two colposcopes agreed 83.1% of the time. The average sensitivity and specificity of physician interpretation compared with pathology was similar for the Pocket (sensitivity = 71.2%, specificity = 57.5%) and standard-of-care (sensitivity = 79.8%, specificity = 56.6%) colposcopes. When compared with a previous study where only acetic acid was applied to the cervix, results indicated that adding Lugol's iodine as a secondary contrast agent improved the percent agreement between colposcopes for all pathological categories by up to 8.9% and the sensitivity and specificity of physician interpretation compared with pathology by over 6.0 and 9.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The Pocket colposcope performance was similar to that of a standard-of-care colposcope when used to identify precancerous and cancerous lesions using acetic acid and Lugol's iodine during colposcopy examinations in Peru. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: The Pocket colposcope performance was similar to that of a standard-of-care colposcope when identifying cervical lesions.

Sublethal effect of Abamectin in the functional response of the predator Phytoseiulus persimilis (Athias-Henriot) on Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari: Phytoseiidae, Tetranychidae)

Abstract The biological control used for the control of Tetranychus urticae (Koch) is the predator mite Phytoseiulus persimilis (Athias-Henriot). It is important to the know the effects of acaricides on the biological behavior the Abamectin on the functional response of P. persimilis. The functional response of the predator was of type II exposed to concentration of Abamectin, the functional response parameters: successful attack rate (a), handling time (Th), search efficiency and the maximum predation theory (T/Th) were affected by the acaricide. The predator spends more time in persecute, dominate, consume and prepair it self to the next searching comparing with the proof subject an the predation ability was affected.

Resumo O controle biológico utilizado para o controle de Tetranychus urticae (Koch) é o acaro predador Phytoseiulus persimilis (Athias-Henriot). É importante conhecer os efeitos dos acaricidas sobre o comportamento biológico do predador. Foi avaliado o efeito tóxico de a Abamectina na resposta funcional de P. persimilis. A resposta funcional do predador foi tipo II exposta a concentrações subletais de Abacmetina, os parâmetros da resposta funcional: taxa de ataque (a'), tempo de manipulação (Th), a eficiência na procura e predação teórica máxima (T/Th) foram afetados pelo acaricida. O predador passa mais tempo na procura, dominar, consumir e se preparar para a próxima procura em comparação com a testemunha e sua capacidade de predação foi afetada.

Serum soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL-2R) as a marker of acute rejection in renal transplant children.

The aim of the study was to evaluate whether or not serum levels of soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL-2R) predict acute rejection in pediatric recipients. We studied 51 pediatric renal transplant recipients divided into three groups: Group 1) Biopsy-proven cellular acute rejection (n = 19), Group 2) Graft dysfunction with histological diagnosis other than acute rejection (n = 8) and Group 3) Patients with stable graft function, no biopsy (n = 24). Serum samples for sIL-2R measurement by sandwich ELISA were obtained at the time of renal transplant and at the time of renal biopsy due to graft dysfunction (Groups 1 and 2) or at six months post-transplant in the case of Group 3. The mean ± s.e. serum values of sIL-2R were higher in patients during acute rejection (6539 ± 1802 pg/mL) compared to patients with other causes of graft dysfunction (2217 ± 256 pg/mL) or stable graft function at six months (2183 ± 283 pg/mL) (Kruskal-Wallis p = 0.004). When the sIL2-R levels at the time of transplant were compared to those at the time of biopsy (Groups 1 and 2) or at six months post-transplant in Group 3, there was no significant difference between baseline and biopsy in the acute rejection group (paired t-test = 0.07), whereas there was a significant reduction in Groups 2 and 3.

Virus polioma en trasplante renal / Polyoma virus in transplant recipients

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Enteroscopia de doble balón: Experiencia inicial en Venezuela

Recientemente se ha desarrollado un sistema de enteroscopia de doble balón que permite la visualización de la totalidad del intestino delgado. El objetivo del presente trabajo es presentar la experiencia en Venezuela con este sistema endoscópico en la evaluación de la patología intestinal. Métodos: Se realizaron 33 procedimientos de enteroscopia de doble balón en 30 pacientes. 19 por abordaje anterógrado, 8 por abordaje retrógrado y 3 por abordaje combinado. Se registró la tasa de éxito en la inserción del yeyuno e ileon, la evaluación total del intestino delgado, los hallazgos, la realización de procedimientos terapéuticos y las complicaciones. Resultados: La inserción del enteroscopio más allá del ligamento de Treitz fue de 100% y de la válvula ileocecal de 75%. La observación de la totalidad del intestino delgado fue posible en 7 (23,3%) de 30 pacientes. Se encontraron hallazgos positivos en el 56,6 % de los casos. Se realizó terapéutica endoscópica en 1 paciente con sangrado digestivo. Se tomó biopsia en 10 pacientes (33,3%). No hubo complicaciones. Conclusiones: La enteroscopia de doble balón hace viable la evaluación completa del intestino delgado con la posibilidad de realizar terapéutica endoscópica y toma de biopsia para diagnóstico histológico. Es un procedimiento bien tolerado y seguro.

Recently has been developed a new method for enteroscopy, the double balloon method that allows the exploration of the entire small bowel. The aim of this study is to present the experience in Venezuela of this endoscopic method for small bowel disorders. Methods: The double balloon endoscopy system was used to perform 33 enteroscopies in 30 patients, 19 by anterograde approach, 8 by retrograde approach, 3 by combined approach.. The rate of success in jejunal and ileal insertion, the entire examination of the small intestine, the findings, the therapeutic procedures and complications were registered. Results: Insertion of the endoscope beyond the ligament of Treitz was possible in all the anterograde procedure; the insertion of the ileocecal valve was possible in 75% of the cases. The entire small bowel was observed in 7 out of 30 patients (23,3%). There were positive findings in 17 out of 30 patients (56,6%). Endoscopic therapy was performed in 1 case. Biopsy was taken in 10 patients. No complications occurred. Conclusions: Double balloon enteroscopy permits the exploration of the small bowel with the possibility of endoscopic therapy. The procedure is safe and well tolerated by the patients.

Calidad de las espirometrías en un estudio epidemiológico de terreno: Factores determinantes de la necesidad de repetir el examen en el estudio Platino-Chile / Spirometries in a population based study: factors determining the need of test repetition, in Chile's Platino study

Spirometry, the most used test to evaluate pulmonary function, is only occasionally measured in field epidemiological studies. Our aim was to determine which of the following factors in the Platino study can be associated low quality spirometries in the first session: sex, age, socioeconomic level, educational level, body mass index, cold chill, smoking, operating technician, date and subject's previous spirometric experience. 1.168 individuals were evaluated with spirometry. Fifteen nurses and 1 midwife were trained according to NIOSCH standards. Easy One NDD spirometers were used. 1.037 subjects (88.8 percent) performed a satisfactory spirometry in the first session, and 131 (11.2 percent) failed to do so. Only two significant predictors of this failure were identified: age and educational level. Causes for test repetition were 1) Non satisfactory acceptability (77.1 percent); 2) lack of reproducibility (67.9 percent); 3) decline of post bronchodilator CVF without concomitant change in VEF1 (36.6 percent). Eighty nine of the 131 subjects accepted to repeat the test. A satisfactory spirometry was obtained in 79 subjects. Hence, at the end of the study 95.5 percent of the subjects attained a satisfactory test. We conclude that personnel without experience, with appropriate training, can perform high quality field spirometries. Acceptability and repoducibility were the most sensitive factors associated with a bad performance of spirometry. Age and schooling were the main factors related with a low quality spirometry. No association was detected regarding technician as a predictor of low quality spirometries carried out in a population setting.

La espirometría es el examen más utilizado para evaluar la función pulmonar y ocasionalmente se usa en estudios epidemiológicos. Evaluamos si las variables: sexo, edad, nivel socioeconómico, escolaridad, IMC, cursar concomitantemente con resfrío, tabaquismo, fecha del examen, haberse efectuado espirometría anteriormente y técnico responsable, se asociaban con la probabilidad de espirometrías insatisfactorias en una primera sesión. Quince enfermeras y una matrona que recibieron capacitación realizaron las espirometrías en 1.168 sujetos empleando un espirómetro Easy One NDD. En la primera sesión 1.037 individuos (88,8 por ciento) efectuaron una espirometría satisfactoria fracasando 131 (11,2 por ciento). Se identificaron dos variables predictoras del fracaso: edad y años de instrucción. Las causas más frecuentes de espirometrías insatisfactorias fueron: 1) No cumplir con criterios de aceptabilidad (77,1 por ciento); 2) Falta de reproducibilidad (67,9 por ciento); 3) Caída de CVF post broncodilatador sin cambio en el VEF1 (36,6 por ciento). De los 131 sujetos cuya espirometría fue insatisfactoria en la primera sesión, ochenta y nueve aceptaron repetirla, lográndose al final del estudio una espirometría satisfactoria en el 95,5 por ciento de la muestra. Personal técnico sin experiencia previa y adecuadamente entrenado, es capaz de lograr espirometrías de buena calidad en un estudio epidemiológico de campo. Las causas más frecuentes de repetición de examen guardan relación con dificultad de alcanzar criterios de aceptabilidad y reproducibilidad de la prueba. Factores gravitantes en la repetición son la edad y el nivel de instrucción de los sujetos examinados. El desempeño de los técnicos no constituyó un factor limitante para obtener una adecuada calidad de la espirometría en terreno.

Disestesia y lesiones tróficas del pie / Dysesthesias and trophic lesions in the foot

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Anemia intensa en la primera infancia / Severe anemia in early childhood

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[Para-tubal cysts: frequency and clinical, ultrasonographic and histological correlations]. / Quistes paratubarios: Frecuencia y correlación clínica, ultrasonográfica e histológica.

We Reviewed 5,100 biopsies, between November 1994 to November 1995 We found 100 paratubval cysts. The 80% of the cases were surgical findings. The 40% of the cases had pain. The 3% of the patients had acute pain, that made necessary an urgent surgery. The ultrasonogram revealed an ovarian cyst in 38% of the cases and it couldn't detect them in 63% of the cases. The cysts sizes were: 6 cm. (84%) *12% 9 between 6-12 cm. and 43% between 12-18 cm. The histopathology report was: 57% of serous cyst and 43% simple cyst.