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1.
Mol Metab ; 77: 101792, 2023 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37633515

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To adapt to metabolically challenging environments, the central nervous system (CNS) orchestrates metabolism of peripheral organs including skeletal muscle. The organ-communication between the CNS and skeletal muscle has been investigated, yet our understanding of the neuronal pathway from the CNS to skeletal muscle is still limited. Neurons in the dorsomedial and central parts of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMHdm/c) expressing steroidogenic factor-1 (VMHdm/cSF-1 neurons) are key for metabolic adaptations to exercise, including increased basal metabolic rate and skeletal muscle mass in mice. However, the mechanisms by which VMHdm/cSF-1 neurons regulate skeletal muscle function remain unclear. Here, we show that VMHdm/cSF-1 neurons increase the sympathoadrenal activity and regulate skeletal muscle peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) in mice via multiple downstream nodes. METHODS: Optogenetics was used to specifically manipulate VMHdm/cSF-1 neurons combined with genetically-engineered mice and surgical manipulation of the sympathoadrenal activity. RESULTS: Optogenetic activation of VMHdm/cSF-1 neurons dramatically elevates mRNA levels of skeletal muscle Pgc-1α, which regulates a spectrum of skeletal muscle function including protein synthesis and metabolism. Mechanistically, the sympathoadrenal drive coupled with ß2 adrenergic receptor (ß2AdR) is essential for VMHdm/cSF-1 neurons-mediated increases in skeletal muscle PGC1-α. Specifically, both adrenalectomy and ß2AdR knockout block augmented skeletal muscle PGC1-α by VMHdm/cSF-1 neuronal activation. Optogenetic functional mapping reveals that downstream nodes of VMHdm/cSF-1 neurons are functionally redundant to increase circulating epinephrine and skeletal muscle PGC1-α. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, we propose that VMHdm/cSF-1 neurons-skeletal muscle pathway, VMHdm/cSF-1 neurons→multiple downstream nodes→the adrenal gland→skeletal muscle ß2AdR, underlies augmented skeletal muscle function for metabolic adaptations.


Assuntos
Condicionamento Físico Animal , Camundongos , Animais , Condicionamento Físico Animal/fisiologia , Neurônios/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Núcleo Hipotalâmico Ventromedial
2.
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) ; 68(1): 23-31, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35228492

RESUMO

Skeletal muscle is the largest organ in the body and has a broad range of plasticity, undergoing atrophy in response to aging or disease and hypertrophy in response to nutritional supplements or exercise. Loss of skeletal muscle mass and force increases the risk of falls, impairs mobility, and leads to reduced quality of life. In a previous study, we demonstrated that taking in Alaska pollock protein (APP) for only 7 d increased the gastrocnemius muscle mass in rats. This study was conducted to identify hypertrophic myofibers and analyze how hypertrophy occurs within them. Twenty male rats were randomly divided into two groups and administered a diet of casein or APP for 7 d. The expression of each myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform in a cross-sectional area was then measured. MyHC IIb and IIx isoforms exhibited hypertrophic features in the gastrocnemius muscles of the APP-fed rats. Furthermore, comprehensive proteomic analyses were conducted to identify changes in protein expression due to muscle hypertrophy. Our results, evaluated by pathway analyses, indicated that the activity of the growth factor signaling pathway was significantly impacted by APP consumption. Moreover, APP could promote protein synthesis by activating the protein kinase B/mechanistic target of the rapamycin signaling pathway, which is also promoted by exercise.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Peixes , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt , Animais , Proteínas de Peixes/metabolismo , Hipertrofia/metabolismo , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Cadeias Pesadas de Miosina/metabolismo , Isoformas de Proteínas/metabolismo , Proteômica , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Qualidade de Vida , Ratos , Transdução de Sinais , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/metabolismo
3.
Nutrients ; 14(3)2022 Jan 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35276908

RESUMO

Our previous studies suggested that Alaska pollack protein (APP) intake increases skeletal muscle mass and that it may cause a slow-to-fast shift in muscle fiber type in rats fed a high-fat diet after 56 days of feeding. In this study, we explored whether dietary APP induces acute and sustainable skeletal muscle hypertrophy in rats fed a normal-fat diet. Male 5-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups and fed a purified ingredient-based high-fat diet or a purified ingredient-based normal-fat diet with casein or APP, containing the same amount of crude protein. Dietary APP significantly increased gastrocnemius muscle mass (105~110%) after 2, 7 days of feeding, regardless of dietary fat content. Rats were separated into two groups and fed a normal-fat diet with casein or APP. Dietary APP significantly increased gastrocnemius muscle mass (110%) after 56 days of feeding. Dietary APP significantly increased the cross-sectional area of the gastrocnemius skeletal muscle and collagen-rich connective tissue after 7 days of feeding. It decreased the gene expression of Mstn /Myostatin, Trim63/MuRF1, and Fbxo32/atrogin-1, but not other gene expression, such as serum IGF-1 after 7 days of feeding. No differences were observed between casein and APP groups with respect to the percentage of Type I, Type IIA, and Type IIX or IIB fibers, as determined by myosin ATPase staining after 7 days of feeding. In the similar experiment, the puromycin-labeled peptides were not different between dietary casein and APP after 2 days of feeding. These results demonstrate that APP induces acute and sustainable skeletal muscle hypertrophy in rats, regardless of dietary fat content. Dietary APP, as a daily protein source, may be an approach for maintaining or increasing muscle mass.


Assuntos
Proteínas Alimentares , Músculo Esquelético , Alaska , Animais , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Proteínas Alimentares/farmacologia , Hipertrofia , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley
4.
Metabolites ; 12(3)2022 Mar 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35323695

RESUMO

Epidemiological studies suggest that regular intake of soy isoflavone exerts a preventive effect on postmenopausal obesity and other forms of dysmetabolism. Estrogens inhibit eating behavior. Soy isoflavones may act as estrogen agonist in estrogen-depleted conditions, whereas they may either act as an estrogen antagonist or be ineffective in estrogen-repleted conditions. We investigated the effects of dietary soy isoflavone on food intake under various estrogen conditions using male, ovariectomized (OVX), and non-OVX female rats, and compared the effects with those of estradiol. We found that soy isoflavones reduced food intake in females specifically, regardless of whether ovariectomy had been performed, whereas subcutaneous implantation of estradiol pellet did not reduce food intake in intact female rats, but did so in OVX female and male rats. Contrary to this hypothesis, the reduction in food intake may not be caused by the estrogenic properties of soy isoflavones. It is of great interest to understand the mechanisms underlying the anorectic effects of soy isoflavones. In this non-systematic review, we summarize our recent studies that have investigated the bioactive substances of anorectic action, pharmacokinetic properties of soy isoflavones, and the modification of central and peripheral signals regulating appetite by soy isoflavones, and selected studies that were identified via database mining.

5.
Nutrients ; 13(11)2021 Oct 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34836015

RESUMO

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive-aged women. Recently, various dietary interventions have been used extensively as a novel therapy against PCOS. In the present study, we show that soy isoflavone metabolites and resistant starch, together with gut microbiota modulations, were successful in decreasing the severity of PCOS-like reproductive features while increasing the expression of gut barrier markers and butyric acid in the gut. In the letrozole-induced PCOS model rats, the intake of both 0.05% soy isoflavones and 11% resistant starch, even with letrozole treatment, reduced the severity of menstrual irregularity and polycystic ovaries with a high concentration of soy isoflavones and equol in plasma. Antibiotic cocktail treatment suppressed soy isoflavone metabolism in the gut and showed no considerable effects on reducing the PCOS-like symptoms. The mRNA expression level of occludin significantly increased with soy isoflavone and resistant starch combined treatment. Bacterial genera such as Blautia, Dorea and Clostridium were positively correlated with menstrual irregularity under resistant starch intake. Moreover, the concentration of butyric acid was elevated by resistant starch intake. In conclusion, we propose that both dietary interventions and gut microbiota modulations could be effectively used in reducing the severity of PCOS reproductive features.


Assuntos
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Isoflavonas/administração & dosagem , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/microbiologia , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/terapia , Amido Resistente/administração & dosagem , Animais , Antibacterianos , Biomarcadores/análise , Ácido Butírico/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Equol/sangue , Feminino , Isoflavonas/sangue , Letrozol , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/induzido quimicamente , Ratos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Alimentos de Soja
6.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem ; 84(6): 1232-1238, 2020 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32067573

RESUMO

We previously found that equol, a metabolite of intestinal bacterial conversion from soy isoflavone daidzein, has female-specific anorectic effects. In the present study, we used seven-week-old female ovariectomized (OVX) Sprague Dawley rats to test the hypothesis that the anorectic effect of dietary daidzein may be attributed to delayed gastric emptying. Results suggest that dietary daidzein delays gastric emptying and that it has an anorectic effect with residual gastric contents, but not without gastric contents. Dietary equol significantly decreased daily food intake in the OVX rats without sleeve gastrectomy, but not in those with sleeve gastrectomy, suggesting that the accumulation of food in the stomach is required for the anorectic effect of equol to occur. These results support the hypothesis that the anorectic effect of dietary daidzein is attributed to delayed gastric emptying.


Assuntos
Depressores do Apetite/farmacologia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Ingestão de Alimentos/efeitos dos fármacos , Esvaziamento Gástrico/efeitos dos fármacos , Isoflavonas/farmacologia , Ovariectomia , Animais , Equol/farmacologia , Feminino , Gastrectomia , Gastroparesia/induzido quimicamente , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley
7.
PLoS One ; 14(6): e0217917, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31199814

RESUMO

The promotion of muscle recovery after immobilization is important to preserve an optimum health status. Here, we examined the effect of dietary Alaska pollack protein (APP) on skeletal muscle weight after atrophy induced by hind limb immobilization using plaster immobilization technique. Rat left limb was casted with a wetted plaster cast under anesthesia. After 2 weeks of feeding, the cast was removed and the rats were divided into three groups, namely, a baseline group, high-fat casein diet group, and high-fat APP diet group. After 3 weeks of feeding, the skeletal muscles (soleus, extensor digitorum longus [EDL], and gastrocnemius) were sampled. The estimated weight gains of soleus, gastrocnemius, and EDL muscle in the immobilized limbs were significantly larger in the rats fed with APP diet as compared with those fed with casein diet. In soleus muscle, dietary APP increased the expression of Igf1 and Myog genes in the immobilized limbs after the recovery period.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Peixes da Dieta/farmacologia , Imobilização/fisiologia , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Atrofia Muscular/tratamento farmacológico , Alaska , Animais , Moldes Cirúrgicos , Extremidades/fisiopatologia , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/metabolismo , Masculino , Proteínas Musculares/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley
8.
Biomed Res ; 40(3): 97-105, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31231095

RESUMO

We previously found that daidzein decreased food intake in female rats. To understand the mechanism of anorectic action of dietary daidzein, it is necessary to determine distributions of daidzein and S-equol, a metabolite of intestinal bacterial conversion from daidzein, in the body. In the present study, we measured the concentrations of daidzein and S-equol in serum and bile in sham-operated and ovariectomized female rats fed a diet containing 150 mg/kg daidzein for 7 days. Dietary daidzein increased serum and bile concentrations of S-equol to far higher levels than those of daidzein. S-equol concentration was more than several hundred fold-higher in bile than in serum, regardless of ovariectomy. Moreover, to investigate whether accumulation of S-equol is facilitated by efficient enterohepatic circulation during continuous intake of daidzein and S-equol, female rats were fed diet containing daidzein or S-equol (both 150 mg/kg), or control diet for 1, 2, 3, or 5 days. Dietary daidzein significantly increased serum and bile concentrations of S-equol in a time-dependent manner, but not those of daidzein. These results indicated that substantial proportion of dietary daidzein was converted to S-equol, which underwent efficient enterohepatic circulation and predominantly accumulated there.


Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Circulação Êntero-Hepática , Equol/sangue , Isoflavonas/administração & dosagem , Ovariectomia , Ração Animal , Animais , Biomarcadores , Feminino , Metabolômica/métodos , Ratos , Fatores de Tempo
9.
J Oleo Sci ; 68(2): 141-148, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30713267

RESUMO

Alaska pollack protein (APP) was previously shown to reduce serum triacylglycerol and the atherogenic index and significantly increase gastrocnemius muscle mass in rats. To determine which myofibers are involved in this observed hypertrophy, we stained the gastrocnemius muscle with fast and slow fiber-specific antibodies and measured the muscle fiber diameter. We observed muscle hypertrophy in both the fast and slow fibers of APP-fed rats. Although muscle hypertrophy leads to drastic lipid changes, the amount of lipids did not differ significantly between casein-fed and APP-fed rats. To determine the lipid changes at the molecular species level and their localization, we performed matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging to visualize lipids in the gastrocnemius muscles. We determined that lipid molecules were significantly changed due to APP feeding. Thus, APP feeding changes muscle lipid metabolism, and these metabolic changes might be related to hypertrophy.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Peixes/administração & dosagem , Hipertrofia , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Lipídeos/análise , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Animais , Gadiformes , Masculino , Fibras Musculares de Contração Rápida/metabolismo , Fibras Musculares de Contração Lenta/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/anormalidades , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz
10.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem ; 81(9): 1805-1813, 2017 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28715285

RESUMO

We compared the effects of two major isoflavones, daidzein and genistein, on lipid metabolism in rats. Daidzein (150 mg/kg diet), genistein (150 mg/kg diet), daidzein and genistein (1:1, 300 mg/kg diet), or control diets were fed to 4 groups of 6-week-old ovariectomized (Ovx) and non-Ovx Sprague Dawley rats for 4 weeks. Dietary daidzein, but not genistein, reduced serum and hepatic total cholesterol levels significantly relative to that by the control group, regardless of whether the rats had undergone ovariectomy. Genistein did not exhibit any physiological effects on lipid levels, but did affect genes involved in cholesterol metabolism. These results indicate that daidzein and genistein may influence lipid regulation via differing modes of action.


Assuntos
Anticolesterolemiantes/farmacologia , Colesterol/metabolismo , Dieta , Isoflavonas/farmacologia , Ovariectomia , Tecido Adiposo/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Ácidos e Sais Biliares/metabolismo , Colesterol/sangue , Fezes/química , Feminino , Genisteína/farmacologia , Intestino Delgado/efeitos dos fármacos , Intestino Delgado/metabolismo , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley
11.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem ; 81(7): 1425-1432, 2017 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28436747

RESUMO

We evaluated the effects of difructose anhydride III (DFAIII) on body weights of ovariectomized rats, which are a good model for obesity by estrogen deficiency-induced overeating. Female rats (10 weeks old) were subjected to ovariectomy or sham operation and then fed with or without a diet containing 3% or 6% DFAIII for 33 days or pair-fed control diet during the same period. Rats fed DFAIII showed significantly decreased food intake, energy intake, body weight gain, body energy accumulation, and fat tissue weight than control group, regardless of ovariectomy. DFAIII may decrease body fat dependent of reduced food/energy intake. Compared with the respective pair feeding groups, rats fed DFAIII showed significantly decreased body energy and fat tissue weight, regardless of ovariectomy, suggesting its potential as a low-energy substitute for high-energy sweeteners. The low energy of DFAIII may contribute to decreased body fat, which may not be dependent on obesity.


Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo/efeitos dos fármacos , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Dissacarídeos/administração & dosagem , Ingestão de Energia/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipolipemiantes/administração & dosagem , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Animais , Feminino , Ovariectomia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley
12.
Physiol Rep ; 4(5)2016 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26997622

RESUMO

The combined activation of the cellular energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the nuclear transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ) has been demonstrated to improve endurance and muscle function by mimicking the effects of exercise training. However, their combined pharmacological activation with exercise training has not been explored. Balb/c mice were trained on a treadmill and administered both the AMPK activator AICAR and the PPARδ agonist GW0742 for 4 weeks. AICAR treatment potentiated endurance, but the combination of AICAR and GW0742 further potentiated endurance and increased all running parameters significantly relative to exercised and nonexercised groups (138-179% and 355% increase in running time, respectively). Despite the lack of change in basal whole-body metabolism, a significant shift to fat as the main energy source with a decline in carbohydrate utilization was observed upon indirect calorimetry analysis at the period near exhaustion. Increased energy substrates before exercise, and elevated muscle nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and elevated muscle glycogen at exhaustion were observed together with increased PDK4 mRNA expression. Citrate synthase activity was elevated in AICAR-treated groups, while PGC-1α protein level tended to be increased in GW0742-treated groups. At exhaustion, Pgc1a was robustly upregulated together with Pdk4, Cd36, and Lpl in the muscle. A robust upregulation of Pgc1a and a downregulation in Chrebp were observed in the liver. Our data show that combined pharmacological activation of AMPK and PPARδ potentiates endurance in trained mice by transcriptional changes in muscle and liver, increased available energy substrates, delayed hypoglycemia through glycogen sparing accompanied by increased NEFA availability, and improved substrate shift from carbohydrate to fat.


Assuntos
Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por AMP/metabolismo , PPAR delta/metabolismo , Condicionamento Físico Animal/fisiologia , Aminoimidazol Carboxamida/análogos & derivados , Aminoimidazol Carboxamida/farmacologia , Animais , Calorimetria/métodos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , PPAR delta/agonistas , Condicionamento Físico Animal/métodos , Resistência Física/efeitos dos fármacos , Resistência Física/fisiologia , Ribonucleotídeos/farmacologia , Tiazóis/farmacologia
13.
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) ; 61(3): 247-54, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26226962

RESUMO

High-fat foods tend to be palatable and can cause addiction in mice via a reinforcing effect. However, mice showed preference for low fat concentrations that do not elicit a reinforcing effect in a two-bottle choice test with water as the alternative. This behavior indicates the possibility that the mechanism underlying fat palatability may differ depending on the dietary fat content. To address this issue, we examined the influences of the opioid system and olfactory and gustatory transductions on the intake and reinforcing effects of various concentrations of a dietary fat emulsion (Intralipid). We found that the intake and reinforcing effects of fat emulsion were reduced by the administration of an opioid receptor antagonist (naltrexone). Furthermore, the action of naltrexone was only observed at higher concentrations of fat emulsion. The intake and the reinforcing effects of fat emulsion were also reduced by olfactory and glossopharyngeal nerve transections (designated ONX and GLX, respectively). In contrast to naltrexone, the effects of ONX and GLX were mainly observed at lower concentrations of fat emulsion. These results imply that the opioid system seems to have a greater role in determining the palatability of high-fat foods unlike the contribution of olfactory and glossopharyngeal nerves.


Assuntos
Gorduras na Dieta/metabolismo , Preferências Alimentares/fisiologia , Naltrexona/farmacologia , Antagonistas de Entorpecentes/farmacologia , Reforço Psicológico , Animais , Gorduras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Emulsões/administração & dosagem , Emulsões/metabolismo , Emulsões Gordurosas Intravenosas/administração & dosagem , Emulsões Gordurosas Intravenosas/metabolismo , Traumatismos do Nervo Glossofaríngeo/induzido quimicamente , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Traumatismos do Nervo Olfatório/induzido quimicamente , Fosfolipídeos/administração & dosagem , Fosfolipídeos/metabolismo , Óleo de Soja/administração & dosagem , Óleo de Soja/metabolismo
14.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem ; 79(8): 1342-9, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25952775

RESUMO

We previously found that daidzein decreased food intake in female rats. The present study aimed to elucidate the relationship between dynamics of appetite-mediated neuropeptides and the anorectic effect of daidzein. We examined appetite-mediated gene expression in the hypothalamus and small intestine during the 3 meals per day feeding method. Daidzein had an anorectic effect specifically at the second feeding. Neuropeptide-Y (NPY) and galanin mRNA levels in the hypothalamus were significantly higher after feeding in the control but not in the daidzein group, suggesting that daidzein attenuated the postprandial increase in NPY and galanin expression. The daidzein group had higher corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) mRNA levels in the hypothalamus after feeding, and increased cholelcystokinin (CCK) mRNA levels in the small intestine, suggesting that CCK is involved in the hypothalamic regulation of this anorectic effect. Therefore, daidzein may induce anorexia by suppressing expression of NPY and galanin and increasing expression of CRH in the hypothalamus.


Assuntos
Anorexia/genética , Apetite/genética , Ingestão de Alimentos/genética , Galanina/biossíntese , Neuropeptídeo Y/biossíntese , Animais , Anorexia/patologia , Apetite/fisiologia , Peso Corporal , Ingestão de Alimentos/efeitos dos fármacos , Métodos de Alimentação , Feminino , Galanina/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Hipotálamo/fisiologia , Isoflavonas/administração & dosagem , Neuropeptídeo Y/genética , RNA Mensageiro/biossíntese , Ratos , Receptores da Colecistocinina/biossíntese , Receptores de Hormônio Liberador da Corticotropina/biossíntese
15.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem ; 79(7): 1164-71, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25765851

RESUMO

We investigated the effect of daidzein feeding and estradiol treatment on food intake in cholecystokinin-1 receptor (CCK1R) deficiency, leptin receptor (ObRb) deficiency rats and their wild-type rats. These rats underwent an ovariectomy or a sham operation. For the 5 week experiment, each rat was divided in three groups: control, daidzein (150 mg/kg diet), and estradiol (4.2 µg/rat/day) groups. In both CCK1R+ and CCK1R- rats, daidzein feeding and estradiol treatment significantly decreased food intake. Daidzein feeding significantly reduced food intake in ovariectomized ObRb- rats, although not in ObRb+ rats. Estradiol treatment significantly lowered food intake in ovariectomized ObRb+ and ObRb- rats. In the ovariectomized rats, estradiol treatment significantly increases uterine weight, while daidzein feeding did not change it, suggesting that daidzein might have no or weak estrogenic effect in our experiment. These results suggest that CCK1R and ObRb signalings were not essential for the daidzein- and estradiol-induced anorectic action.


Assuntos
Depressores do Apetite/farmacologia , Estradiol/farmacologia , Isoflavonas/farmacologia , Receptor de Colecistocinina A/genética , Receptores para Leptina/metabolismo , Animais , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Ingestão de Alimentos/efeitos dos fármacos , Estradiol/sangue , Feminino , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Ovariectomia , Ratos Long-Evans , Ratos Mutantes , Receptor de Colecistocinina A/metabolismo , Receptores para Leptina/genética , Útero/efeitos dos fármacos
16.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem ; 78(11): 1871-8, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25070011

RESUMO

Fatty acids (FA) are an important energy source during exercise. In addition to its role as an energy supply for skeletal muscle, FA may activate signaling pathways that regulate gene expression. FA translocase/cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) and G protein-coupled receptor GPR120 are long-chain FA receptors. In this study, we investigated the impact of CD36 or GPR120 deletion on energy metabolism during exercise. CD36 has been reported to facilitate cellular transport and oxidation of FA during endurance exercise. We show that CD36 deletion decreased exogenous FA oxidation during exercise, using a combination of (13)C-labeled FA oxidation measurement and indirect calorimetry. In contrast, GPR120 deletion had no observable effect on energy metabolism during exercise. Our results further substantiate that CD36-mediated FA transport plays an essential role in efficient FA oxidation during exercise.


Assuntos
Antígenos CD36/genética , Antígenos CD36/metabolismo , Metabolismo Energético/genética , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Glucose/metabolismo , Resistência Física/genética , Animais , Calorimetria , Genótipo , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/genética , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo
17.
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) ; 58(2): 88-95, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22790566

RESUMO

Moderate-intensity running (treadmill velocity of 21 m/min) increased blood lactate and actived transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) concentration in rat cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). On the other hand, low-intensity running (15 m/min) did not increase blood lactate and caused no change in CSF TGF-ß. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of lactate to anesthetized rats caused an increase in blood lactate similar to that observed after a 21 m/min running exercise and increased the level of active TGF-ß in CSF. Intraperitoneal administration of lactate at the same dose to awake and unrestricted rats caused a decrease in the respiratory exchange ratio, that is, enhancement of fatty acid oxidation and depression of spontaneous motor activity (SMA). Given that intracisternal administration of TGF-ß to rats has been reported to enhance fatty acid metabolism and to depress SMA, we surmise that the observed changes caused by i.p. lactate administration in this study were mediated, at least in part, by TGF-ß in the brain.


Assuntos
Encéfalo/fisiologia , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Ácido Láctico/sangue , Esforço Físico/fisiologia , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/fisiologia , Animais , Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Ácido Láctico/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Transdução de Sinais , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/líquido cefalorraquidiano
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