BRAZILIAN HERNIA AND ABDOMINAL WALL SOCIETY STATEMENT ON LARGE HIATAL HERNIAS MANAGEMENT.

Large hiatal hernias, besides being more prevalent in the elderly, have a different clinical presentation: less reflux, more mechanical symptoms, and a greater possibility of acute, life-threatening complications such as gastric volvulus, ischemia, and visceral mediastinal perforation. Thus, surgical indications are distinct from gastroesophageal reflux disease-related sliding hiatal hernias. Heartburn tends to be less intense, while symptoms of chest pain, cough, discomfort, and tiredness are reported more frequently. Complaints of vomiting and dysphagia may suggest the presence of associated gastric volvulus. Signs of iron deficiency and anemia are found. Surgical indication is still controversial and was previously based on high mortality reported in emergency surgeries for gastric volvulus. Postoperative mortality is especially related to three factors: body mass index above 35, age over 70 years, and the presence of comorbidities. Minimally invasive elective surgery should be offered to symptomatic individuals with good or reasonable performance status, regardless of age group. In asymptomatic and oligosymptomatic patients, besides obviously identifying the patient's desire, a case-by-case analysis of surgical risk factors such as age, obesity, and comorbidities should be taken into consideration. Attention should also be paid to situations with greater technical difficulty and risks of acute migration due to increased abdominal pressure (abdominoplasty, manual labor, spastic diseases). Technical alternatives such as partial fundoplication and anterior gastropexy can be considered. We emphasize the importance of performing surgical procedures in cases of large hiatal hernias in high-volume centers, with experienced surgeons.

BRAZILIAN HERNIA AND ABDOMINAL WALL SOCIETY STATEMENT ON LARGE HIATAL HERNIAS MANAGEMENT / Posição da Sociedade Brasileira de Hérnia e Parede Abdominal sobre o tratamento de grandes hérnias de hiato

Large hiatal hernias (LHH) besides being more prevalent in the elderly, have different clinical presentation: fewer reflux, more mechanical symptoms and a greater possibility of acute, life-threatening complications such as gastric volvulus, ischemia and visceral mediastinal perforation. Thus, surgical indications are distinct from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD-related), sliding hiatal hernias. Heartburn tends to be less intense, while symptoms of chest pain, cough, discomfort, and tiredness are reported more frequently. Complaints of vomiting and dysphagia may suggest the presence of associated gastric volvulus. Signs of iron deficiency and anemia are found. Surgical indication is still controversial and was previously based on high mortality reported in emergency surgeries for gastric volvulus. Postoperative mortality is especially related to three factors: body mass index (BMI above 35), age over 70 years and presence of comorbidity. Minimally invasive elective surgery should be offered to symptomatic individuals with good or reasonable performance status, regardless of age group. In asymptomatic and oligosymptomatic patients, besides obviously identifying the patient's desire, case-by-case analysis of surgical risk factors such as age, obesity and comorbidities, should be taken under consideration. One should also pay attention to situations with greater technical difficulty and risks of acute migration due to increased abdominal pressure (abdominoplasty, manual workers, spastic diseases). Technical alternatives such as partial fundoplication and anterior gastropexy can be considered. We emphasize the importance of performing surgical procedures in cases of LHH in high-volume centers, with experienced surgeons.

As grandes hérnias de hiato (HHG), além de serem mais prevalentes em idosos, têm apresentação clínica diferente: menos refluxo, mais sintomas mecânicos e maior possibilidade de complicações agudas e potencialmente fatais, como vólvulo gástrico, isquemia e perfuração mediastinal visceral. Assim, as indicações cirúrgicas são distintas das hérnias de hiato por deslizamento, relacionadas à doença do refluxo gastroesofágico (DRGE). A azia tende a ser menos intensa, enquanto os sintomas de dor no peito, tosse, desconforto e cansaço são relatados com maior frequência. Queixas de vômitos e disfagia podem sugerir a presença de volvo gástrico associado. São encontrados sinais de deficiência de ferro e anemia. A indicação cirúrgica ainda é controversa e foi anteriormente baseada na alta mortalidade relatada em cirurgias de emergência para volvo gástrico. A mortalidade pós-operatória está especialmente relacionada a três fatores: índice de massa corporal (IMC acima de 35), idade superior a 70 anos e presença de comorbidades. A cirurgia eletiva minimamente invasiva deve ser oferecida a indivíduos sintomáticos, com desempenho bom ou razoável, independentemente da faixa etária. Em pacientes assintomáticos e oligossintomáticos, além de obviamente identificar o desejo do paciente, deve-se levar em consideração a análise caso a caso dos fatores de risco cirúrgico, como idade, obesidade e comorbidades. Deve-se atentar também para situações de maior dificuldade técnica e riscos de migração aguda por aumento da pressão abdominal (abdominoplastia, trabalhos manuais, doenças espásticas). Alternativas técnicas como fundoplicatura parcial e gastropexia anterior podem ser consideradas. Ressaltamos a importância da realização de procedimentos cirúrgicos nos casos de GHH em centros de grande volume, com cirurgiões experientes.

Autoimmune [auto-inflammatory] syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA): Case report after inguinal hernia repair with mesh.

INTRODUCTION: There has been a great advance in the treatment of inguinal hernias with a significant reduction in recurrences with the use of polypropylene mesh. Local complications such as infections, rejection, and chronic pain are widely studied and reported in the literature. The Autoimmune [Auto-inflammatory] Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants (ASIA) is little known and can be triggered by using polypropylene mesh. PRESENTATION OF THE CASE: 33-year-old female patient, married, and an administrative manager. History of smoking, previous breast surgery with silicone prosthesis, appendectomy. One year and four months ago, she underwent bilateral inguinal hernioplasty by laparoscopy. Shortly after the inguinal hernia surgery, systemic, urinary symptoms, and chronic local pain appeared. She reported low back pain, fatigue, memory loss, and mood swings associated with limiting pelvic pain, dysuria, and dyspareunia. We performed a robotic surgical procedure to remove the meshes bilaterally. Three days after surgery, the patient was discharged with adequate pain control, without the need for opioids. During outpatient follow-up, there was a significant improvement in symptoms, both local and systemic. DISCUSSION: Local complications with the use of polypropylene mesh to repair inguinal hernias are well described in the literature, highlighting chronic postoperative pain that can affect 10-20% of patients. Recently, polypropylene prostheses have been found to act as adjuvants and may be the trigger for an exacerbated immune response adaptive to an autoantigen. Thus, being capable of causing an autoimmune disease variant of the Autoimmune [Auto-inflammatory] Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants (ASIA), described by Shoenfeld and Agmon-Levin in 2011. CONCLUSION: In addition to local complications, systemic symptoms related to the use of polypropylene mesh can also occur. In the Autoimmune [Auto-inflammatory] Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants (ASIA), systemic symptoms, for being nonspecific, make diagnosis difficult and are often not attributed to the use of mesh.

Guidelines of the Brazilian Hernia Society (BHS) for the management of inguinocrural hernias in adults. / Orientações da Sociedade Brasileira de Hérnia (SBH) para o manejo das hérnias inguinocrurais em adultos.

Inguinal hernias are a frequent problem and their repair is the most commonly performed procedure by general surgeons. In the last years, new principles, products and techniques have changed the routine of surgeons, who need to recycle knowledge and perfect new skills. In addition, old concepts regarding surgical indication and risk of complications have been reevaluated. In order to create a guideline for the management of inguinal hernias in adult patients, the Brazilian Hernia Society assembled a group of experts to review various topics, such as surgical indication, perioperative management, surgical techniques, complications and postoperative guidance.

As hérnias inguinais são um problema frequente e o seu reparo representa a cirurgia mais comumente realizada por cirurgiões gerais. Nos últimos anos, novos princípios, produtos e técnicas têm mudado a rotina dos cirurgiões que precisam reciclar conhecimentos e aperfeiçoar novas habilidades. Além disso, antigos conceitos sobre indicação cirúrgica e riscos de complicações vêm sendo reavaliados. Visando criar um guia de orientações sobre o manejo das hérnias inguinais em pacientes adultos, a Sociedade Brasileira de Hérnias reuniu um grupo de experts com objetivo de revisar diversos tópicos, como indicação cirúrgica, manejo perioperatório, técnicas cirúrgicas, complicações e orientações pós-operatórias.

Orientações da Sociedade Brasileira de Hérnia (SBH) para o manejo das hérnias inguinocrurais em adultos / Guidelines of the Brazilian Hernia Society (BHS) for the management of inguinocrural hernias in adults

RESUMO As hérnias inguinais são um problema frequente e o seu reparo representa a cirurgia mais comumente realizada por cirurgiões gerais. Nos últimos anos, novos princípios, produtos e técnicas têm mudado a rotina dos cirurgiões que precisam reciclar conhecimentos e aperfeiçoar novas habilidades. Além disso, antigos conceitos sobre indicação cirúrgica e riscos de complicações vêm sendo reavaliados. Visando criar um guia de orientações sobre o manejo das hérnias inguinais em pacientes adultos, a Sociedade Brasileira de Hérnias reuniu um grupo de experts com objetivo de revisar diversos tópicos, como indicação cirúrgica, manejo perioperatório, técnicas cirúrgicas, complicações e orientações pós-operatórias.

ABSTRACT Inguinal hernias are a frequent problem and their repair is the most commonly performed procedure by general surgeons. In the last years, new principles, products and techniques have changed the routine of surgeons, who need to recycle knowledge and perfect new skills. In addition, old concepts regarding surgical indication and risk of complications have been reevaluated. In order to create a guideline for the management of inguinal hernias in adult patients, the Brazilian Hernia Society assembled a group of experts to review various topics, such as surgical indication, perioperative management, surgical techniques, complications and postoperative guidance.

Meningeal tumor: A rare extrahepatic association in patients with polycystic liver disease enrolled for liver transplantation.

In the present study, we described a rare association of polycystic liver disease (PCLD) with intracranial meningiomas in patients included on a liver transplant list, focusing on the diagnosis, treatment and possible association with any genetic alterations. Two female patients, aged 39 and 49 years were included on a liver transplant list due to extensive PCLD, with symptoms related to an abdominal compartmental syndrome. Screening for extrahepatic manifestation revealed a right frontal meningioma in the first patient, and a parietal posterior calcified meningioma in the second patient, measuring 1 and 7×3×2 cm in diameter, respectively. Following tumor removal, the histological pattern was compatible with fibrous and transitional meningioma, respectively. Cytogenetic studies conducted following surgery did not reveal any changes in metaphase chromosomes. The postoperative follow-up for the two patients was uneventful, without complications, with the patients remaining on a liver transplant waiting list. We conclude that screening for extrahepatic manifestations of PCLD is mandatory, as certain lesions require treatment prior to liver transplantation. The lack of a genetic or familial association between these two cases show they are likely to have occurred by chance, rather than representing a previously unrecognized association between polycystic liver disease and cranial meningioma.