[The movement to establish a Christian medical school proposed by medical missionary "John C. Berry"].

John C. Berry (1847-1936) came to Japan in 1872, worked as a medical missionary for the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM . He attempted to influence Japanese medical education toward a more Christian-influenced approach. In early Meiji, the Japanese government adopted the German language and principles for its national medical program. This promoted a tendency towards the adoption of German concepts in Japanese medical education. The director of of Doshisha, Niijima, was concerned about such a tendency, which he considered rather science-oriented or skeptical and atheistic, according to his writings. The tradition of corruption among Japanese doctors also deeply disappointed him. Niijima sought the type of medical institution in which the students would learn Western medicine based on a moral base of Christianity, presumably in Kyoto, to take advantage of the foundation of Doshisha, which had already been built. Missionaries in Japan, especially Berry, supported Niijima's intentions. During his visit to the U.S. he promoted a mission statement in support of Niijima's idea in order to raise funds among Christian communities. This project produced a resolution among the Christian community in Philadelphia to establish an interdenominational foundation for establishing such a medical institution and it encouraged other cities to follow. However, the American Board of Missionaries in Japan disagreed with the idea of its being interdenominational, and then, along with other struggles such as the lack of funding in light of the economic slowdown, and the widespread social rejection of Christianity in Japan, the project fell apart and was suspended.

Agranulocytosis after infectious mononucleosis.

We report the case of a 5-year-old boy with agranulocytosis after infectious mononucleosis (IM). Antibodies against anti-human neutrophil-specific antigens (HNA)-1 were detected in his serum. A literature review on agranulocytosis after IM and our case suggest that anti-HNA-1 antibodies play important roles in agranulocytosis associated with IM.

[Comparison of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Newport isolates from a patient and sewages in Fukui Prefecture].

From May 2003 to March 2004, nine strains of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica serovar Newport were isolated from 5 sewages of 3 sewage treatment plants located in 2 different regions of Fukui Prefecture. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing identified 2 different MDR patterns (type I and II). Type I strains were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, sulfisoxazole, cefotaxime, cephalothin, ceftriaxone, and ceftrazidime and type II strains were additionally resistant to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and spectionomycin. Neither of kanamycin, fosfomycin, nalidixic acid, gentamycin, or ciprofloxacin resistance was observed. Type I and II strains were different in pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns and plasmid profiles, while they showed the same profiles with in each type. All the MDR strains in this study were proved to carry the blaCMY-2 gene by PCR and sequence analyses. Numbers of reports on MDR S. Newport with blaCMY-2 have been increasing in foreign countries such as the United States. The MDR patterns of the isolates in this study were similar to those of the United States. These properties of the type I strains were identical with that a strain isolated from a 7-year-old patient in Fukui Prefecture, in September 2003 which we previously reported. However, the patient lived in a region where no epidemiological associations with the sewage treatment plants were found. This suggests that the MDR strains might prevail in Fukui Prefecture. Domestic surveillance for MDR S. Newport would be need.