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1.
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol ; 36(4): 476-484, 2022 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35437799

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Multiple reports have described neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection, including likely in utero transmission and early postnatal infection, but published estimates of neonatal infection range by geography and design type. OBJECTIVES: To describe maternal, pregnancy and neonatal characteristics among neonates born to people with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy by neonatal SARS-CoV-2 testing results. METHODS: Using aggregated data from the Surveillance for Emerging Threats to Mothers and Babies Network (SET-NET) describing infections from 20 January 2020 to 31 December 2020, we identified neonates who were (1) born to people who were SARS-CoV-2 positive by RT-PCR at any time during their pregnancy, and (2) tested for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR during the birth hospitalisation. RESULTS: Among 28,771 neonates born to people with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, 3816 (13%) underwent PCR testing and 138 neonates (3.6%) were PCR positive. Ninety-four per cent of neonates testing positive were born to people with infection identified ≤14 days of delivery. Neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection was more frequent among neonates born preterm (5.7%) compared to term (3.4%). Neonates testing positive were born to both symptomatic and asymptomatic pregnant people. CONCLUSIONS: Jurisdictions reported SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR results for only 13% of neonates known to be born to people with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. These results provide evidence of neonatal infection identified through multi-state systematic surveillance data collection and describe characteristics of neonates with SARS-CoV-2 infection. While perinatal SARS-CoV-2 infection was uncommon among tested neonates born to people with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, nearly all cases of tested neonatal infection occurred in pregnant people infected around the time of delivery and was more frequent among neonates born preterm. These findings support the recommendation for neonatal SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing, especially for people with acute infection around the time of delivery.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Teste para COVID-19 , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Resultado da Gravidez/epidemiologia , SARS-CoV-2
2.
Clin Infect Dis ; 73(Suppl 1): S17-S23, 2021 07 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34021332

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are at increased risk for severe illness compared with nonpregnant women. Data to assess risk factors for illness severity among pregnant women with COVID-19 are limited. This study aimed to determine risk factors associated with COVID-19 illness severity among pregnant women with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. METHODS: Pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by molecular testing were reported during 29 March 2020-5 March 2021 through the Surveillance for Emerging Threats to Mothers and Babies Network (SET-NET). Criteria for illness severity (asymptomatic, mild, moderate-to-severe, or critical) were adapted from National Institutes of Health and World Health Organization criteria. Crude and adjusted risk ratios for moderate-to-severe or critical COVID-19 illness were calculated for selected demographic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS: Among 7950 pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection, moderate-to-severe or critical COVID-19 illness was associated with age 25 years and older, healthcare occupation, prepregnancy obesity, chronic lung disease, chronic hypertension, and pregestational diabetes mellitus. Risk of moderate-to-severe or critical illness increased with the number of underlying medical or pregnancy-related conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Older age and having underlying medical conditions were associated with increased risk of moderate-to-severe or critical COVID-19 illness among pregnant women. This information might help pregnant women understand their risk for moderate-to-severe or critical COVID-19 illness and can inform targeted public health messaging.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Mães , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Gestantes , Fatores de Risco , SARS-CoV-2
3.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep ; 69(44): 1635-1640, 2020 Nov 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33151917

RESUMO

Pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are at increased risk for severe illness and might be at risk for preterm birth (1-3). The full impact of infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, in pregnancy is unknown. Public health jurisdictions report information, including pregnancy status, on confirmed and probable COVID-19 cases to CDC through the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System.* Through the Surveillance for Emerging Threats to Mothers and Babies Network (SET-NET), 16 jurisdictions collected supplementary information on pregnancy and infant outcomes among 5,252 women with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection reported during March 29-October 14, 2020. Among 3,912 live births with known gestational age, 12.9% were preterm (<37 weeks), higher than the reported 10.2% among the general U.S. population in 2019 (4). Among 610 infants (21.3%) with reported SARS-CoV-2 test results, perinatal infection was infrequent (2.6%) and occurred primarily among infants whose mother had SARS-CoV-2 infection identified within 1 week of delivery. Because the majority of pregnant women with COVID-19 reported thus far experienced infection in the third trimester, ongoing surveillance is needed to assess effects of infections in early pregnancy, as well the longer-term outcomes of exposed infants. These findings can inform neonatal testing recommendations, clinical practice, and public health action and can be used by health care providers to counsel pregnant women on the risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection, including preterm births. Pregnant women and their household members should follow recommended infection prevention measures, including wearing a mask, social distancing, and frequent handwashing when going out or interacting with others or if there is a person within the household who has had exposure to COVID-19.†.


Assuntos
Betacoronavirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Pneumonia Viral/diagnóstico , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Resultado da Gravidez/epidemiologia , Aborto Espontâneo/epidemiologia , Adulto , COVID-19 , Teste para COVID-19 , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/transmissão , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/estatística & dados numéricos , Laboratórios , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Viral/transmissão , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Nascimento Prematuro/epidemiologia , Medição de Risco , SARS-CoV-2 , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
4.
J Midwifery Womens Health ; 64(4): 421-426, 2019 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31347781

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: In Michigan, pulse oximetry screening rates for critical congenital heart defects (CCHDs) are assessed for birthing hospitals but have not been assessed for the midwife-attended births that occur in the out-of-hospital birth community. This analysis was conducted to determine pulse oximetry screening rates among the midwife-attended out-of-hospital birth community in Michigan overall, and among midwives provided with loaned pulse oximeters from the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS). METHODS: Records for midwife-attended out-of-hospital births between April 1, 2014, and December 31, 2016, were linked via probabilistic matching with newborn screening records. Pulse oximetry screening rates were calculated for the midwife-attended out-of-hospital birth population overall, by midwife, and stratified by receipt of loaned pulse oximeters from MDHHS. Births from midwives who attended 5 or more nonhospital births during the study period were included in this analysis. RESULTS: Of the 3410 midwife-attended out-of-hospital births, 20.8% (n = 710) reported as having received a pulse oximetry screening for CCHDs. For births attended by midwives who received pulse oximeters from MDHHS, 50.5% had pulse oximetry screening results reported, compared with 12.7% among births attended by midwives without a loaned pulse oximeter. Of the 78 total midwives, 18% (n = 14) reported pulse oximetry screening results on more than half of the births they attended. Of the 14 midwives who received a pulse oximeter from MDHHS, 50.0% (n = 7) reported screening results for more than half of all births they attended. DISCUSSION: Our findings indicate that CCHD screening rates are low among midwife-attended out-of-hospital birth community. Screening rates were higher among midwives who received a pulse oximeter from MDHHS, but fewer than half of the attended births had a reported pulse oximetry screening. Further discussions with the midwife-attended out-of-hospital birth community to better understand screening barriers may be beneficial.


Assuntos
Parto Domiciliar , Triagem Neonatal/métodos , Enfermeiros Obstétricos , Oximetria/estatística & dados numéricos , Padrões de Prática em Enfermagem/estatística & dados numéricos , Algoritmos , Feminino , Cardiopatias Congênitas/diagnóstico , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Michigan , Gravidez
5.
J Womens Health (Larchmt) ; 24(7): 578-86, 2015 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26172998

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Knowledge of state-specific infertility is limited. The objectives of this study were to explore state-specific estimates of lifetime prevalence of having ever experienced infertility, sought treatment for infertility, types of treatments sought, and treatment outcomes. METHODS: Male and female adult residents aged 18-50 years from three states involved in the States Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology Collaborative (Florida, Massachusetts, and Michigan) were asked state-added infertility questions as part of the 2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a state-based, health-related telephone survey. Analysis involved estimation of lifetime prevalence of infertility. RESULTS: The estimated lifetime prevalence of infertility among 1,285 adults in Florida, 1,302 in Massachusetts, and 3,360 in Michigan was 9.7%, 6.0%, and 4.2%, respectively. Among 736 adults in Florida, 1,246 in Massachusetts, and 2,742 in Michigan that have ever tried to get pregnant, the lifetime infertility prevalence was 25.3% in Florida, 9.9% in Massachusetts, and 5.8% in Michigan. Among those with a history of infertility, over half sought treatment (60.7% in Florida, 70.6% in Massachusetts, and 51.6% in Michigan), the most common being non-assisted reproductive technology fertility treatments (61.3% in Florida, 66.0% in Massachusetts, and 75.9% in Michigan). CONCLUSION: State-specific estimates of lifetime infertility prevalence in Florida, Massachusetts, and Michigan varied. Variations across states are difficult to interpret, as they likely reflect both true differences in prevalence and differences in data collection questionnaires. State-specific estimates are needed for the prevention, detection, and management of infertility, but estimates should be based on a common set of questions appropriate for these goals.


Assuntos
Sistema de Vigilância de Fator de Risco Comportamental , Infertilidade/epidemiologia , Técnicas de Reprodução Assistida/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Florida/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Massachusetts/epidemiologia , Michigan/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vigilância da População , Gravidez , Gravidez Múltipla/estatística & dados numéricos , Nascimento Prematuro/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Autorrelato , Adulto Jovem
6.
Healthcare (Basel) ; 3(4): 1086-96, 2015 Nov 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27417815

RESUMO

Sudden cardiac death of the young (SCDY) is a devastating event for families and communities. Family history is a significant risk factor for this potentially preventable cause of death, however a complete and detailed family history is not commonly obtained during routine health maintenance visits. To estimate the proportion of adults with a family history of SCDY, the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS) Genomics Program included two questions within the 2007 Michigan Behavioral Risk Factor Survey (MiBRFS). Prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Among adults in Michigan, 6.3% reported a family history of SCDY, with a greater prevalence among blacks, those with lower household income, and those with less education. Among those reporting a family history of SCDY, 42.3% had at least one first-degree relative and 26.2% had multiple affected family members. This is the first study to demonstrate the prevalence of family history of SCDY while also highlighting key sociodemographic characteristics associated with increased prevalence. These findings should guide evidence-based interventions to reach those at greatest risk.

7.
Am J Ind Med ; 57(6): 653-9, 2014 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24619601

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The US employer-based surveillance system for work-related health conditions underestimates the prevalence of work-related dermatitis. OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to utilize information from workers to improve the accuracy of prevalence estimates for work-related dermatitis. METHODS: Three state health departments included questions in the 2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey designed to ascertain the prevalence of dermatitis in the working population, as well as healthcare experiences, personal perceptions of work-relatedness, and job changes associated with dermatitis. RESULTS: The percentage of working respondents who reported receiving a clinician's opinion that their dermatitis was work-related was between 3.8% and 10.2%. When patients' perceptions were considered, the work-related dermatitis prevalence estimate increased to between 12.9% and 17.6%. CONCLUSIONS: Including patients' perceptions of work-relatedness produced a larger prevalence estimate for work-related dermatitis than the previously published estimate of 5.6%, which included only those cases of dermatitis attributed to work by healthcare professionals.


Assuntos
Dermatite Ocupacional/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Sistema de Vigilância de Fator de Risco Comportamental , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
9.
Matern Child Health J ; 15(2): 158-68, 2011 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20225127

RESUMO

This report describes the consensus-based selection process undertaken by a voluntary committee of policy/program leaders and epidemiologists from seven states to identify core state indicators to monitor the health of reproductive age women (aged 18-44 years). Domains of preconception health were established based on priority areas within maternal and child health and women's health. Measures (i.e., potential indicators) addressing the domains were identified from population-based, state level data systems. Each indicator was evaluated on five criteria: public health importance, policy/program importance, data availability, data quality, and the complexity of calculating the indicator. Evaluations served as the basis for iterative voting, which was continued until unanimous consent or a super majority to retain or exclude each indicator was achieved. Eleven domains of preconception health were identified: general health status and life satisfaction; social determinants of health; health care; reproductive health and family planning; tobacco, alcohol and substance use; nutrition and physical activity; mental health; emotional and social support; chronic conditions; infections; and genetics/epigenetics. Ninety-six possible indicators were identified from which 45 core indicators were selected. The scope of preconception care and the public health components to address preconception health are still under development. Despite this challenge and other measurement limitations, preconception health and health care indicators are urgently needed. The proposed core indicators are a set of measures that all states can use to evaluate their preconception health efforts. Furthermore, the indicators serve as a basis for improving the surveillance of the health of reproductive age women.


Assuntos
Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Cuidado Pré-Concepcional , Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde , Medicina Reprodutiva , Adolescente , Adulto , Coleta de Dados , Feminino , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Vigilância da População , Gravidez , Estados Unidos , Adulto Jovem
10.
Stroke ; 41(7): 1501-7, 2010 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20466995

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Excessive prehospital delay between acute stroke onset and hospital arrival is an ongoing problem. Translating knowledge of stroke warning signs into appropriate action is critical to decrease prehospital delay. Our objectives were to estimate the proportion of Michigan adults who would react appropriately by calling 911 when presented with hypothetical stroke-related scenarios and to examine the association between knowledge of warning signs and calling 911. METHODS: In 2004, questions regarding initial response to health-related scenarios were added to the Michigan Behavioral Risk Factor Survey, a population-based telephone survey of adults. We calculated the proportion of respondents who would call 911 in response to 3 stroke-related scenarios and examined the association between stroke warning sign knowledge and 911 activation. RESULTS: Among 4841 adults, 27.6% (95% CI, 26.2 to 29.0) had adequate knowledge of stroke warning signs (defined as reporting 3 correct warning signs), and 14.0% (95% CI, 12.9 to 15.1) reported they would call 911 for all 3 stroke-related scenarios. Knowledge of specific stroke warning signs was only modestly associated with calling 911 in response to medical scenarios that involved the same stroke symptom (OR, 1.17 to 1.39). Even among those with adequate knowledge of stroke warning signs, only 17.6% (95% CI, 15.5 to 20.0) would call 911 for all 3 stroke scenarios. CONCLUSIONS: In this population-based survey, stroke symptom knowledge was not associated with the intent to call 911 for stroke. This study emphasizes the critical role of motivation in addition to symptom knowledge to reducing delay time to hospital arrival for stroke.


Assuntos
Sistemas de Comunicação entre Serviços de Emergência , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Intenção , Vigilância da População , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapia , Telefone , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Serviços Médicos de Emergência/métodos , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vigilância da População/métodos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/prevenção & controle , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/psicologia , Adulto Jovem
11.
Ethn Dis ; 19(2): 128-34, 2009.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19537222

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To describe the level of knowledge regarding risk factors and warning signs for stroke and heart attack among White and African American adults in Michigan and to quantify racial disparities. METHODS: Knowledge of stroke and heart attack risk factors and warning signs was assessed by using data from the 2004 Michigan Behavioral Risk Factor Survey. Prevalence estimates of knowledge were generated, and statistical differences in knowledge between Whites and African Americans were assessed. Adequate knowledge was defined as knowing 3 correct warning signs or risk factors. Logistic regression models were used to quantify the racial disparity in knowledge while controlling for potential confounding. RESULTS: Whites had substantially higher levels of adequate knowledge of risk factors (stroke: 31.6% vs 13.8%; heart attack: 52.6% vs 24.3%) and warning signs (stroke: 30.0% vs 17.2%; heart attack: 29.3% vs 13.8%) compared with African Americans (all observed differences were significant at P < .05). The odds of adequate knowledge of risk factors (stroke: adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.9; heart attack: AOR 3.4) and warning signs (stroke: AOR 2.0; heart attack: AOR 2.4) were significantly higher for Whites than for African Americans. CONCLUSION: A strong racial disparity in the knowledge of stroke and heart attack risk factors and warning signs exists among Michigan adults. Communitywide public education programs in conjunction with targeted interventions for at-risk populations are necessary to produce meaningful improvements in the awareness of stroke and heart attack risk factors and warning signs among Michigan adults.


Assuntos
Negro ou Afro-Americano/psicologia , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Infarto do Miocárdio/etiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , População Branca/psicologia , Adulto , Sistema de Vigilância de Fator de Risco Comportamental , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Michigan , Infarto do Miocárdio/psicologia , Avaliação das Necessidades , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/psicologia
12.
Stroke ; 40(7): 2564-7, 2009 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19407229

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is an effective therapy for acute ischemic stroke, treatment rates remain low. Efforts to address the underuse of tPA include public education to increase the recognition of stroke symptoms and the awareness of tPA treatment. Our objective was to determine the level of knowledge about tPA treatment for acute stroke among a representative sample of Michigan adults. METHODS: The Michigan Behavioral Risk Factor Survey (BRFS) is a random-digit-dial telephone survey of adults conducted annually as part of the national BRFS. Questions regarding tPA treatment for acute stroke were included in the 2004 Michigan BRFS. We examined the prevalence of awareness using chi(2) tests and generated multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS: Among 4724 respondents, only 32.2% (95% CI=30.8 to 33.8%) were aware of the existence of tPA treatment for acute stroke, of whom 52.7% (50.0 to 55.4%) knew that it needed to be administered within 3 hours of symptom onset. Awareness of tPA was higher among middle aged adults, females, whites, and those with higher education and income. Awareness of the time window for tPA was higher among middle aged adults and whites. CONCLUSIONS: In this population-based survey only a third of the public were aware of tPA as a treatment for stroke, and only 1 in 6 were aware that the treatment exists and needs to be given within 3 hours of symptom onset. Continuing efforts are necessary to increase public knowledge about tPA treatment for acute stroke.


Assuntos
Conscientização , Fibrinolíticos/uso terapêutico , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/tratamento farmacológico , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tecidual/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Escolaridade , Feminino , Identidade de Gênero , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Masculino , Michigan , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Grupos Raciais , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estados Unidos , Adulto Jovem
13.
J Asthma ; 44(2): 99-105, 2007 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17454323

RESUMO

The effect of cow's milk consumption on childhood asthma has been debated for several years. This study attempts to provide further insight into this association through the use of a longitudinal study design. Newborns from parents with atopic history were recruited from Germany, Austria, and England (n = 696). For five repeated ascertainments, information was collected on cow's milk exposure, incidence of doctor-diagnosed asthma, and confounders. Generalized estimation equations, incorporating different models (concurrent, delayed, combined, and reverse causation), were used to determine this association. No association between cow's milk consumption and childhood asthma was found for the concurrent effects model (OR = 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.55, 1.20). In the delayed effects model, the direction of the association varied with time of follow-up. Thus, we stratified by period, which resulted in a significant protective delayed effect at 36 months (OR = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.06, 0.49). However, reverse causation negated this finding since the presence of asthma in prior months led to a reduction in further exposure to cow's milk (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.16, 0.99). Hence, cow's milk consumption does not protect against childhood asthma. The apparent protection of cow's milk against asthma may result from parents of asthmatic children avoiding cow's milk, rather than actual prophylaxis.


Assuntos
Asma/imunologia , Leite/imunologia , Animais , Asma/epidemiologia , Bovinos , Estudos de Coortes , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Modelos Logísticos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Leite/efeitos adversos , Hipersensibilidade a Leite/imunologia
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