Evaluating the Role of Mechanical Bowel Preparation in Anterior Resection Through a Prospective Randomized Single-Blinded Trial.

Introduction Mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) before colorectal surgery is a common practice to reduce bacterial levels and infection. However, recent studies and data analyses have shown that this practice may increase the incidence of postoperative septic complications. Limited information is available regarding MBP for rectal surgeries. Our study aimed to examine the impact of MBP on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing anterior resection with primary anastomosis for rectal cancer in a single-blinded, single-center, prospective, randomized trial. Materials and methods Data were collected between September 2013 and December 2015 at the Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, India. All patients scheduled for elective anterior resection with primary anastomosis for cancer between 5 cm and 15 cm were included in the study. All patients were randomized into the MBP and non-MBP groups after obtaining consent using a computer-based randomizer. The MBP group underwent bowel preparation with polyethylene glycol 24 hours before the operation and received sodium phosphate rectal enemas the night before the procedure. In the non-MBP group, only dietary restriction with a low-residue diet for 48 hours was recommended. Laparoscopic and open surgeries were performed. A contrast enema with barium was performed on all patients on postoperative days 6-8 to detect an anastomotic leak. Our primary endpoint was to assess the rate of anastomotic leakage between the two groups. The secondary endpoints were surgical site infection and postoperative morbidity. Results A total of 78 patients were recruited in the trial, and 18 were excluded because the surgery was the Hartmann procedure or abdominal perineal resection. The remaining 60 patients were divided equally into the MBP and non-MBP groups. No clinically significant disparities were evident between the groups concerning the preoperative prognosticators of anastomotic leak. Among the cohort, anastomotic leakage occurred in eight patients, representing a 13.3% incidence. Remarkably, within this subset, seven patients (23.3%) were attributed to the non-MBP cohort, whereas only one patient (3.3%) belonged to the MBP group. These findings demonstrated a statistically noteworthy discrepancy. The two groups had no statistically significant difference in surgical site infection and postoperative morbidity. Conclusion Our study suggests the benefit of preoperative MBP in sphincter-preserving rectal surgery to reduce the anastomotic leak rate. Additionally, incorporating large-scale studies and meta-analyses could enhance the robustness of our conclusions.

Efficacious slosh suppression technique in road tankers to enhance the effectiveness of drinking water distribution.

During summer months, many parts of the world experience the water crisis and water tankers transport fresh drinking water from rivers and other reservoirs and distribute to communities often located at far off places. Effectiveness of this distribution is adversely affected by the instability of tankers due to the phenomenon called liquid sloshing, the oscillation of free liquid surface subjected to external excitation. The liquid within the tank moves along the side walls back and forth creating an oscillation which becomes dangerously worse at certain situations. Sloshing makes the tanker unstable when the operating frequency and the tanker frequency coincides which may even cause the tanker to roll over. Hence, quite often, the tankers have to be operated on roads only at its maximum capacity and the water left in the tank may have to be spilled and wasted if the storage facility at the destination is less than the tanker capacity. In this work we are proposing an optimum design of water tankers to minimize the effect of sloshing and thereby enabling trouble-free operation of the tankers even in partially filled conditions. Sloshing parameters such as slosh height and dynamic wall pressures are experimentally and numerically analyzed for various tank geometries with and without baffles. A numerical model for analyzing slosh parameters is also developed and validated using experimental results. Based on the study an optimized tanker configuration is proposed.

Serosurveillance of SARS CoV 2 among the healthcare workers of a tertiary care teaching institution in Central Kerala during the post lockdown phase

BackgroundKerala was the first state to have the confirmed case of COVID-19 in the country and it was first confirmed in Thrissur district on 30 January2020.Our institute being in the heart of the city had to take adequate measures to mitigate the spread and treat the required patients by keeping its staff safe & Healthy. The hallmark of COVID 19 infection is high infectivity, pre-symptomatic transmission and asymptomatic prevalence which could result in high cumulative numbers of infections, hospitalizations, and deaths. Kerala was the first state to confirm community transmission in July 2020.Health care workers being in the forefront in the war against COVID19 are very prone in acquiring the infection and are possible to be asymptomatic sources for cluster formation. Knowing the development of immunity as shown by the presence of anti COV2 antibodies in the population contributes to the epidemiological understanding of the disease. The intent of the study is to do an antibody testing in our hospital to find the serosurveillance of SARS CoV 2 among the healthcare workers in our hospital. AimTo estimate the seropositivity of SARS CoV 2 among the healthcare workers at Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, six months after revoking the lockdown MethodologyA cross sectional study among the health care workers of the medical college. Multistage Sampling was done with the hospital block as the first stage and departments as the second stage. In the final stage of sampling the test individuals were selected on a first come first served basis after the antibody test availability was declared open and free for all staff. A consent form and a Google form were given to all staff who volunteered for participating in the study. Each consented participant recruited into the investigation completed a questionnaire which covers details regarding demographics, exposure history, Residence & travel. Blood sample was collected and Anti-SARS COV2 IgG antibody testing which targets the Spike Protein 1(SP1) was done using the VITROS chemiluminescence platform (Orthoclinical diagnostics, USA). Sampling & testing ranged over a time frame from September 5th to December 15th, 2020 ResultsJubilee Mission Medical College has 2785 working staff at the time of study. A total of 420 staff consented and their samples were tested. 37 staff members tested positive for COVID-19 antibody, yielding an overall prevalence of 8.75% (95% CI, 6.23-11.86). 86.5 % (32/37) of them were having a history of COVID-19 Antigen / RT PCR Positivity. We identified a statistically significant linear trend (p value =0.00001), between seropositivity and the degree of severity of COVID 19. Among the various factors which increase the risk of seroconversion, history of undergoing quarantine (p value < 0.001), contact with a confirmed case (p value = 0.002), contact with a caregiver for COVID 19 (p value =0.001) and history of Upper respiratory symptoms (p value =0.001), were found to be significantly associated with positive serology. ConclusionsThe overall seropositivity in the current study was found to be 8.75% which is comparable to seroprevalence studies conducted in the United States and Wuhan in China. The pattern of seropositivity across the different category of health workers observed in the present study showed a higher prevalence among nurses. This result is also in agreement with a recent published report from united states. Various measures advised by the national and state health authorities were adequately adhered to. Keeping track of the pattern of development of immunity in the community is part of understanding the illness and forecasting the spread. For the tested HCW, it will boost up morale by ending uncertainty. For the hospital administration it will help in decision making about relative focusing of interventions on patients in general and HCWs. By knowing the immunity status of HCWs, the Institution will be able to contribute authentically to the development of intervention strategies and guidelines from time to time, besides following the available guidelines. Being an educational institution, it is obligatory to train all the elements of care delivery to the future generation of health care workers. Getting experienced from a small but relevant sample was expected to facilitate larger community study envisaged in peripheral areas Jubilee served

A prospective study evaluating the impact of implementing the ERAS protocol on patients undergoing surgery for advanced ovarian cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Information on the benefits of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) when applied to advanced ovarian cancer() is minimal. The study objectives were to prospectively evaluate whether the implementation of ERAS in AOC patients improves post-operative recovery, and reduces the length of hospital stay (LOHS), without increasing the readmission rate or surgery-related complications; and to investigate ERAS protocol compliance. METHODS: This was a prospective interventional study carried out at a single university teaching hospital. Patients undergoing laparotomy for advanced ovarian cancer (stages IIb-IV) from March 2017 to February 2018 were managed using an ERAS protocol. The conventional management (CM) period extended from January 2016 to December 2016. The primary outcome was reduction in LOHS. Secondary outcomes were ERAS protocol compliance, incidence of post-operative complications, and readmission rate. RESULTS: The CM and ERAS groups each comprised 45 patients. Both the groups were comparable in terms of clinicopathological and operative characteristic. Median LOHS of the full cohort, primary debulking cohort, interval debulking cohort, staging surgery cohort (all 6 vs 4 days; p<0.001), and complex cytoreductive surgery cohort (5 vs 4 days; p=0.019) were significantly reduced in the ERAS group. The overall compliance for the ERAS protocol was 90.6%. Occurrence of moderate or severe (17.8% vs 0%; p=0.003) and ≥grade 2 extended Clavein-Dindo complications (22.2% vs 0%; p=0.001); and hospital stay due to occurrence of complications (31.1% vs 2.2%; p<0.001) were also significantly reduced in the ERAS group. There was no difference in the 30-day readmission rates. CONCLUSION: The results from our investigation suggest that the ERAS program can be successfully implemented in advanced ovarian cancer patients even in low-resource settings provided the program is modified to meet local needs so as not to increase healthcare costs.

Gastric Angiomyolipoma Masquerading as Gastric Malignancy.

Gastric angiomyolipoma (AML) is extremely rare, with only 3 cases reported in English literature, all of which presented with upper gastrointestinal bleed, either in the form of hematemesis or melena. A 42-year-old man presented with upper gastrointestinal bleed, the source of which was found to be a large mass in the stomach, which was shown histologically to be gastric AML. This is the fourth but largest tumor (9 × 6 × 5 cm) to be reported to date.

Transport features of nano-hydroxylapatite (n-HA) embedded silicone rubber (SR) systems: influence of SR/n-HA interaction, degree of reinforcement and morphology.

We report the transport characteristics of silicone rubber/nano-hydroxylapatite (SR/n-HA) systems at room temperature with reference to the effects of n-HA loading, morphology and penetrant nature, using toluene, xylene, ethyl acetate and butyl acetate in the liquid phase and methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol and butanol in the vapour phase as probe molecules. The interaction between the n-HA particles and SR matrix has been confirmed by FTIR analysis. As the n-HA content in the SR matrix increased, the penetrant uptake has been found to decrease. The observations have been correlated with the density and void content of the systems. Scanning electron microscopy images have been found to be complementary to the observed transport features. The reinforcement effect of n-HA particles on the SR matrix has been verified by Kraus equation. Molecular mass between the cross links has been observed to decrease with an increase in n-HA loading. The results have been compared with affine, phantom network, parallel, series and Maxwell models. The transport data have been complemented by observations on biological fluid uptake with urea, d-glucose, KI, saline water, phosphate buffer and artificial urine as the media.