Intrafamilial and extrafamilial sexual assault and its association with alcohol consumption.

OBJECTIVE: Analyze the prevalence of intrafamilial and extrafamilial sexual assault in adolescents of Peru and its association with alcohol consumption. METHODS: We used a two-step and stratified probabilistic sampling to select male and female students in secondary education from all over Peru. The study included data from 54,756 students with information on demographics, alcohol and drug use, and sexual assault. The statistical analysis considered the complex sampling and we conducted two independent analyses by type of sexual assault (intrafamilial and extrafamilial), stratified by the sex of the victim. RESULTS: The prevalence of life of intrafamilial sexual assaults (5.4%, 95%CI 5.0-5.8) was similar to that of extrafamilial sexual assaults (6.1%, 95%CI 5.6-6.6). Alcohol consumption in the past year was associated with intrafamilial and extrafamilial sexual assaults that occurred in the same period after adjusting for confounders. Alcohol consumption in the past year was associated with non-physical and physical forms of intrafamilial and extrafamilial sexual assaults in the disaggregated analysis by type of assault. Alcohol consumption in the past year was associated with extrafamilial rape only among females (ORa = 2.8; 95%CI 1.3-5.9). CONCLUSIONS: Sexual assault against adolescent males and females by family members is a frequent form of victimization that is associated with alcohol consumption in Peru. It is important to examine this form of victimization among adolescents, especially those who consume alcohol.

Intrafamilial and extrafamilial sexual assault and its association with alcohol consumption / Agresión sexual intrafamiliar y extrafamiliar y su asociación con el consumo de alcohol

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Analyze the prevalence of intrafamilial and extrafamilial sexual assault in adolescents of Peru and its association with alcohol consumption. METHODS We used a two-step and stratified probabilistic sampling to select male and female students in secondary education from all over Peru. The study included data from 54,756 students with information on demographics, alcohol and drug use, and sexual assault. The statistical analysis considered the complex sampling and we conducted two independent analyses by type of sexual assault (intrafamilial and extrafamilial), stratified by the sex of the victim. RESULTS The prevalence of life of intrafamilial sexual assaults (5.4%, 95%CI 5.0-5.8) was similar to that of extrafamilial sexual assaults (6.1%, 95%CI 5.6-6.6). Alcohol consumption in the past year was associated with intrafamilial and extrafamilial sexual assaults that occurred in the same period after adjusting for confounders. Alcohol consumption in the past year was associated with non-physical and physical forms of intrafamilial and extrafamilial sexual assaults in the disaggregated analysis by type of assault. Alcohol consumption in the past year was associated with extrafamilial rape only among females (ORa = 2.8; 95%CI 1.3-5.9). CONCLUSIONS Sexual assault against adolescent males and females by family members is a frequent form of victimization that is associated with alcohol consumption in Peru. It is important to examine this form of victimization among adolescents, especially those who consume alcohol.

RESUMEN OBJETIVO Analizar la prevalencia de las agresiones sexuales intrafamiliares y extrafamiliares en adolescentes del Perú y su asociación con el consumo de alcohol. MÉTODOS Se utilizó un muestreo probabilístico bietápico y estratificado para seleccionar estudiantes varones y mujeres de educación secundaria de todo el Perú. Los datos de 54,756 estudiantes que incluían información demográfica, sobre consumo de alcohol y drogas, y agresión sexual fueron incluidos en el estudio. En el análisis estadístico se consideró el muestreo complejo y se condujeron dos análisis independientes por el tipo de agresión sexual (intrafamiliar y extrafamiliar), estratificado por el sexo de la víctima. RESULTADOS La prevalencia de vida de las agresiones sexuales intrafamiliares (5.4%, IC95% 5.0-5.8) fue similar al de las agresiones extrafamiliares (6.1%, IC95% 5.6-6.6). El consumo de alcohol en el último año se asoció con las agresiones sexuales intrafamiliares y extrafamiliares que ocurrieron en el mismo periodo después de ajustar por los factores de confusión. El consumo de alcohol en el último año se asoció a las formas no físicas y físicas de agresión sexuales intrafamiliares y extrafamiliares en el análisis desagregado por tipo de agresión. El consumo de alcohol en el último año se asoció con las violaciones sexuales extrafamiliares sólo entre las mujeres (ORa = 2.8; IC95% 1.3-5.9). CONCLUSIONES La agresión sexual de adolescentes mujeres y varones por miembros familiares es una forma frecuente de victimización que se asocia al consumo de alcohol en el Perú. Es importante indagar por esta forma de victimización en adolescentes, especialmente los que consumen alcohol.

[Mental health in physicians doing the rural and suburban health service in Peru: a baseline study]. / Salud mental en médicos que realizan el servicio rural, urbano-marginal en salud en el Perú: Un estudio de línea base.

The disadvantageous conditions in which young physicians have to do their rural and sub-urban health service (SERUMS) may put them in a high risk for mental disorders. This study aims to establish the baseline levels of depression and alcohol use problems among those physicians scheduled to complete their SERUMS during the period 2011-2012. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) were administered as screening tests to 493 physicians. Depression scores were met by 26% females and 14.5% males, and alcohol use problem scores were met by 22% females and 26% males. Overall, 39% persons scored for either of both mental health entities. Mental health problems seem to be common among young physicians scheduled to migrate to their SERUMS. These problems must be addressed to avoid greater risks.

Salud mental en médicos que realizan el servicio rural, urbano-marginal en salud en el Perú: Un estudio de línea base / Mental health in physicians doing the rural and suburban health service in Peru: a baseline study

Las condiciones poco favorables que el médico joven encara durante el Servicio Rural, Urbano Marginal en Salud (SERUMS) pueden incrementar el riesgo de enfermedades mentales. El objetivo del estudio es establecer la línea base sobre niveles de depresión y uso problemático de alcohol en aquellos médicos que realizarán dicho servicio durante el periodo 2011-2012. Se aplicó como herramientas de tamizaje la escala del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos para depresión y el Test para la Identificación de Trastornos por Uso de Alcohol, a 493 médicos. Se encontró que 26 por ciento de las mujeres y 14,5 por ciento de los varones puntuaron en el rango de depresión; 22 por ciento de mujeres y 26 por ciento de varones lo hicieron para uso problemático de alcohol. 39 por ciento puntuó para cualquiera de ambas entidades. Los problemas de salud mental son comunes entre los médicos que se disponen a migrar para realizar el SERUMS, lo cual debe ser atendido para evitar mayores riesgos.

The disadvantageous conditions in which young physicians have to do their rural and sub-urban health service (SERUMS) may put them in a high risk for mental disorders. This study aims to establish the baseline levels of depression and alcohol use problems among those physicians scheduled to complete their SERUMS during the period 2011-2012. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) were administered as screening tests to 493 physicians. Depression scores were met by 26 percent females and 14.5 percent males, and alcohol use problem scores were met by 22 percent females and 26 percent males. Overall, 39 percent persons scored for either of both mental health entities. Mental health problems seem to be common among young physicians scheduled to migrate to their SERUMS. These problems must be addressed to avoid greater risks.

Links between sex-related expectations about alcohol, heavy episodic drinking and sexual risk among young men in a shantytown in Lima, Peru.

CONTEXT: Alcohol use is frequently identified as a contributor to risky sexual behaviors; however, research results are mixed. Given the conflicting evidence, researchers have focused on other factors, such as expectations about alcohol's effects that might help explain the relationship of alcohol use and risky sexual behaviors. METHODS: Cross-sectional data from 312 sexually experienced males aged 18-30 in a shantytown in Lima, Peru, were used in logistic regression models to identify associations of heavy episodic drinking and sex-related expectations about alcohol with sexual risk behaviors. RESULTS: Heavy episodic drinking was associated with having had two or more sexual partners and having had sex with a casual partner in the past year (odds ratios, 2.8 and 2.5, respectively). After controlling for alcohol consumption, sex-related expectations about alcohol were associated with these high-risk sexual behaviors, as well as with not using a condom at last sex (1.2) and not using a condom at last sex with a casual partner (1.3). CONCLUSION: Beliefs about the effect of alcohol on sexual performance could help explain links between alcohol consumption and risky sexual behavior not completely accounted for by the pharmacological effects of alcohol.